高一定语从句教学案.doc

语法专项训练 定语从句高一定语从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词，关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as，关系副词有when, where, why.一、 关系词的基本用法who 指人，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语关系代词whom 指人，在从句中作宾语whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语that 指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语which 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语关系副词as 指人、物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语why 指原因，在从句中作原因状语（1）The man (whom /who/that) my mother saw in the street is my teacher.（2）The book which/ that tells us about the earth is interesting.（3）She lives in a house whose windows faces south.（4）Do you know the boy whose father is an English teacher?（5）I have never heard such stories as he tells.（6）Ill never forget the day when /on which I joined the army.（7）I wont forget the factory where / in which my father worked.（8）Tell me the reason why you came late.二、必须用“that”引导的定语从句1、当先行词是不定代词all，little, few, much, anything , everything, none, nothing, no one, some等时。He did everything that he could to help us.2、先行词被all, every, no , some, any , little, much, the only, the very, the right, last , few , just 等修饰时。The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.3、先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时。This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen.4、当先行时前有such 或the same修饰时，先行词和关系代词指同一物时。She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.5、先行词既有人又有物时，Later they talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.6、当主句是以who或which开始时的特殊疑问句时，Who is the boy that won the gold medal?7、在同一个句子里，若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系词已用了which， 另一个宜用that.Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.8、当关系代词在从句中作表语时。（只限于限制性定语从句中）China is no longer the country that it used to be.9、当先行词是集体名词时，多用that，He wants to join the team that won the game.10、that在有些句型中可作为关系副词，且可省略。I dont like the way (that) he talks to me.三、只用which不用that时情况1、引导非限制性定语从句时，Bruce went toward the fire, which was still smoking.2、先行词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置。This is the house in which Lu Xun lived.3、先行词本身是that时，Whats that which flashed in the sky just now?4、先行词后有插入语时，Here is the English grammar book which, as Ive told you, will help improve your English.5、which 用作表语，指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有某种特性、品质或才能的人。He is an engineer, which I am not。关系代as：在限制性定语从句中用在such, the same, as, so之后，as引导的定语从句常采用省略形式。I have the same book as you（have）.Take as many as you want.Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.This is such a book as was given to me.四、关系代词的省略情况1、关系代在从句中作宾语时。Have you received the book (that) I sent you last week?2、关系代词在从句中作表语时。Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.3、关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而这个介词又在句末时。This is the artist (whom) I spoke to you about.注意：关系代词的省略是指在限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略。五、带介词的定语从句1、固定词组，介词置于后，关系代词使用灵活。This is the child (whom / who/ that) she is looking after.2、非固定词组，介词位置灵活，关系代词使用严格。The man (whom/ who/ that) I spoke to is a friend of mine.The man to whom I spoke is a friend of mine.3、介词词组（关系代词远离先行词）In front of, on top of ,at the foot of, with the help of, as a result of.We stand in a building in front of which stands a lab.We arrived at a hill, on top of which stood a tower.4、代词/数词+of +关系代词He has written many books, most of which are for children.We have many students, two of whom have won prizes of international competitions.5、介词+关系代词+代词/数词He has written many books, of which most are in Chinese.6、介词+whose 修饰后面的名词He is the very man in whose pocket I found my lost money.六、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句对先行词起限制确定作用。如果没有它，主句的意思就不完整，这种定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，在口语中前后没有停顿。He is the man whose father died last week.That is the reason why I didnt open the door.非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词起描述或补充说明的作用，省略后也不影响全句的意思，非限制性定语从句可以修饰名词、代词、短语、主句的一部分或全句，它和主句之间常用逗号隔开，朗读时前后有停顿。I live in Beijing where my parents worked ten years ago.His sister, who works in WuHan , is coming to see him tomorrow.as 引导非限制性定语从句与which 的区别1、用于非限制性定语从句时，可以指代整个主句的内容，as 和which 可以换用。 He left her, as/ which was strange.2、as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句可置于句首，句中和句尾。As everyone knows, Tom is good at English.The earth, as we know, moves round the sun.3、非限制性定语从句中谓语为被动时，常用as 作主语。as is said/ known/ announced/ reported/ mentioned/ expected/ disused等。As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China.4、as引导非限制性定语从句，有“正如”的含义，因此，下列句式中多用as.as has been said aboveas anybody can seeas we had expectedas (it) appearsThings are not always as they appear.5、which 引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句只能置于句尾。The decision was postponed, which was exactly what he wanted.6、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句中的一个词（先行词）从句置于先行词后，可在句中或句尾。The football match, which I watched yesterday, is very interesting.7、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句的谓语带有宾语，有的还带宾语补足语。After that things improved, which astonished me.Water changes into steam, which is known to be a physical change.8、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句意思可与主句相反，即从句为否定式或带否定前缀的形容词。He can write a letter in English, which I cannot.He was married again, which was unexpected.七关系副词= 介词+关系代词when = ( in, at, during, on ) + which where = (in, on, at, under )+ whichwhy = for + which 定语从句巩固练习（一）一填空题（用适当词）1Please pass me the notebook _ cover is yellow2Li Hua was one of the girls _ have the chance to go abroad.3He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin4Air, _ we breathe every day, is around us all the time51949 was the year _ the New China was born6I dont know the reason _ she looks unhappy today7This is the village _ my father worked three years ago8I still remember the day _ the old scientist took us to the lab for the first time9The letter _ I received yesterday is from my sister10. The woman _ you saw in the park is our geography teacher.11. The pictures brought the days back to the old _ they swam in the river.12. Robert and his songs _were famous in the U. S. are also popular in China.13. They are always smoking, _ of course, will do harm to their health.14. The situation _ you use the words is very clear in fact15. _ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.16. This is the very house _ he lived.17.I, who _ (be) very busy, cant help them at the moment.18. As _ (know) to everyone, Taiwan is a part of China.19. The idea, which I think _ (be) reasonable, was brought up by Professor Li yesterday.20 .I still remember the teachers and the school that _ (be) talked of yesterday evening.二比较题1.（1）Is this school _ you study in? （2）Is this school _ you study?（3）Is this the school _ you study in?（4）Is this the school _ you study?A. that/whichB. whereC. the oneD. the one where 2. (5). I live in the house, _ door faces south.(6). I live in the house, the door _ faces south.(7). I live in the house, and the door _ faces south.(8).I live in the house, _ the door faces south.A. of which B. of it C whose D. of whose3. (9)Ill never forget the days_ we worked together.（10).Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. A. when B that C. which D. A and B4. (11).I went to the place _ I worked ten years ago.(12).I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.A.where B that C. which D. B and C5.(13).This is the reason _ he was late.(14).This is the reason _ he gave.(15).The reason _ he explained to us at the meeting was acceptable.A.why B that C. which D. B and C6. (15)He is my best friend, _ parents both work abroad.(16)He is my best friend, and both of _ parents work abroad.(17)He is my friend, both of _ parents working abroad.A . whose B. whom C. him D. his 7. (18). The film was made at the place _ Chairman Mao was born.(19). The film was made at the place _ Chairman Mao was born in.(20). The film was made at the place in _ Chairman Mao was born. (21)We should go to the place_ we are most needed. (22)We should go to the place_ needs us most. A. that B. where C.which D.A and C.8. (23) It was October_we met in Shenzhen for the first time. (24)It was in October_we met in Shenzhen for the first time. (25)- When did the fire happen? - It was at night _ he was sleeping. A. that B. which C. when D. while9. (26).He is such a good teacher_ we all like him. (27).He is such a good teacher_ we all like. A. whom B. that C. as D. which10.(28) _ we all know, China is rich in natural resources.(29) _ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources.(30) _ is well-known, China is rich in natural resources.(31) _ is well-known to us all is that China is rich in natural resourcesA. What B. As C. It D. That 11.(32) This is one of the most interesting films _ shown last week. (33) This is the very one of the most interesting films _ shown last week.A. which was B. that was C. which were D. that were12(34) He has two sons, _ are college students.(35)He has two sons, and _ are college students.A. both of which B. both of whomC. both of them D. both of it13(36) _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.(37) _ who leaves the room last ought to turn off thelights.(38) _ who leave the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. Who C. Those D. Whoever14.(39) Galileo collected the facts _ proved the earth