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On SocietyParaphrase of Section AAcademic report explain that the violence,such as hate crimes and street crimes are result from looking down of themselves. Though it is popular saying, there is no evidence to support it. Recently, the periodical of PsychologicalReview state that three specialists have study this literature in detail, and conclude that much stronger connection between violence and self-esteem will be. RoyBaumeisterofCaseWesternReserveUniversityandLauraSmartandJosephBodenoftheUniversityofVirginia.write that after seeing that much more violent people are high self-esteem not low self-esteem, we cannot believe low self-esteem is the cause of violence. It is usually thought that one without self-esteem will hurt others to gain self-esteem. Researcher find that people can be violent with unrealistic self-esteem challenged by other people. Therefore, bullies,rapists,psychopathsandmembersofstreet gangs andorganizedcrime come to being. Thestudyconcludes that Certainformsofhighself-esteemseemto make people to be violent. If we accept our cultural self-esteem without criticism, and then, the self-esteem will be dangerous for us and will impede us to realize our goal. The self-esteem required by the society will make a lot of harm to people in the end. When come to prison program making victims not feel bad about themselves, such as self-accusation and shame, specialist write that it will be better to teaching victims modestyandhumility. InaninterviewwiththeBostonGlobe,Baumeistersaidhebelieves peoples willness of promoting themselves is weakening. Maybe it will be disappeared one day. We would better make people control themselves more than promote their self-esteem. In the school, what has said above means that we should be away from psychicboosterism and think self-esteem as the product of achievement, not regard it as the end of itself. The self-esteem movement has make school education more umfangreich. Self-esteem can be seen in spuriousequality in school in which teachers think other schoolss students should do the same as themselves, and cannot be more outstanding than their students. I hope this self-esteem is disintegrating and should be an end one day.Text B In the society of one nationality, there is more chance for big change to occur than in a society of more than one nation. Because people in the Bheterogeneoussocieties hod more different ideas than those in homogeneousones. More over, in the society with same nationality, people tend to be more tolerant and to have more same interests. Therefore, if we want to make society changes, we should allow people have different ideas rather than confine peoples thought to certain areas. In the aquitehomogeneoussociety, no matter culture, ragion or pursuit are almost the same. So, peole have no need or opportunity to change. Though, people may have some little difference with others, they have been used to it. In the material society, change has more chance to occur than in the non-marterialsociety. Forexample,intechnologyratherthaninvalues;inwhathasbeenlearnedlaterinliferatherthanwhatwaslearnedearly:inthelessbasic,lessemotional,orlesssacredaspectsofsocietythanintheiropposites.likereligionorasystemofprestige:inthesimpleelementsratherthaninthecomplexones;informratherthaninsubstance:andinelementscongenialtothecultureratherthaninstrangeelements.Furthermore, if the change comes in gradually, tnen the change can be easier. For example, social changes in a society with sharp relationship are less likely to occur in a stable society. This is the reason why changes have not come more quikly to Black American as comeparied to other American minorities. Beacuse there is sharp difference between them and the white people, it is hard for them to form the same oppinion and make a change at the same time. Text COneargumentusedtosupporttheideathatemploymentwillcontinuetobethedominantformofwork,andthatemploymentwilleventuallybecomeavailableforallwhowantit. And the argument state that the working time will going to be much shorter. Wokers will need to worke fewer hours a day. Then, they will worker fewer hours in a day, a week, a year,and in the lifetime than they do now, which means more people will have chance to have jobs. It is said that this is the way that we begin to restore full employment. Thereisnodoubtthatsomethingofthiskindwillhappen.Theshorterworkingweek,longerholidays,earlierretirement,job-sharing-theseandotherwaysofreducingtheamountoftimepeoplespendontheirjobs arecertainlylikelytospread. Part-time job should be a more common form of work than today. And a flexi-life pattern of work that involves paid empolyment at certain stages of life,but not at others will became widespread. But it cannot be certain that flexi-life parttern will help to restore the restorefullemploymentasthedominantformofwork. First of all, as the employement is the main form of job for people to make money, it could be hard to make reducting working time come true in a large place and in a fast pace while every can have a job he wants. For example, recently in British and Germany, a negotiation that suggest to reduce working time to 35 hours face great difficulty. But secondly, if share job can happen at a pace and on a scale, and which is possible for all the poeple who want it. theresultingsituationinwhichmostpeoplewouldnotbeworkingintheirjobsformorethantwoorthreeshortdaysaweek. And it is hardly for situationtobeoneinwhichemploymentwasstillregardedastheonlytrulyvalidformofwork. Then people would spend much time on other activities which are still forms of useful work. Therefore, the employment would be less important than it is today to some extent. Text DOn the early time of industry revolution, the most simple and direct way to communicate and announce. And it is usually a way to advertise new products and theirs derivatives. But when factory production is on the peak of development, and the production, such as processed food, are going to be sold, nationaladvertisingcampaignsandbrand-namingofproductsbecamenecessary. Before the products are produced in a great amount, the goods distribution and selling are almost done by people who buys large quantities of goods and resells to merchants rather than to the ultimate customers. The factories that are just good at produce certain good did not spend much money on machine investment,but adapt their production to the change of the demands on the market. But the economicdepression from 1873 to 1894 make the old ways of organize industry and distribution become different. Fromthebeginningofthenineteenthcenturyuntilthe1870s, the production has improved steadly, and the retail shop come out in a great of number. However, there are two other crisis. One is that producing too much for buyers to buy; the other is people have enough money to buy goods. Therefore, lots of goods remain unsold and the price and profits will fall. At the end of century, many small industries realized that they can divided their business into more small business rather in one sector, so they can weather the economic depression and slumps better. These producers also realize that they should produce the products that are to be bought on the market or are needed by people. Thisperiodusheredinthefirstphaseofwhateconomistsnowcallmonopolycapitalism. To make it simple, it refers to monopoly which means the product market is controlled by a small number of enterprise. And those enterprises are usually big and cooperated.However，previouslycompetitivetradinghadbeenconductedbysmallrivalfirms, so after the economical depression, the big companies and integrated corporation well rely more on advertisement to make their products known to buyers. We can view soap trade as an example of change in manufactureanddistribution at the time of century changing. Fromaboutthe1850s, a mass of soap with no brands on the market. And those soap were produced and sold by hundreds of small manufactures. At the same time, they were distributedbywholesalersanddoor-to-doorsellers who sold products by visiting buyers. Competitiongrewsteadilythroughoutthelatterhalfofthecentury, and those companies playing a leading role in the same field should take more aggressive methods in order to make rival companies lost customers and make rival companies buyers their own buyers. For example, the future LordLeverhulme selling its soap in special packages, which will make their soap recognized by customers more easily and make their buyers buy their products more than once. LordLeverhulmewasoneofthefirstindustrialiststorealizethat advertisements should be words in logical and thought. And also advertisements should also be eye-catching and humorous. Manyadvertisersfollowedhislead and make their ad include the reasons why their products are good. Forexample,onecontemporaryPearssoapadwentintogreatdetailabouthowtheproductcouldenhancemartialblissbycuttingdownthetimethewifehadtospendwithherarmsinabowloffrothysuds.AndanadforCadburyscocoa not only state that its cocoa is pure, but also tell customers cocoas other benefits in the advertisements. fortheinfantitisadelightandasupport;fortheyounggirl,asourceofhealthyvigour;fortheyoungmissinherteensavaluableaidtodevelopment.andsoon. Writer E.S say straightforwardly that presents ad. is not only state and repeat their ad., they are trying to persuade people to buy their goods. Today, it seems that only the big and expensive companies will advertise, but the small companies do not. Maybe, those small companies have no ability to advertise. TEXT EPlease say again: how are your manners?GentilityRecalled has written that the definition about how to behave ourselves is troubling people more than crime today. And he also lamentsthebreakdownoftraditionalcodesthatonceregulatedsocialconduct. This publication criticizes peoples behaviors that regard manner as something out of fashion and repressive. accordingtoMr.Andersonwho is a directoroftheSocialAffairsUnit and anindependentthink-tank, because of the lost of manner, there are a lot of impolite behaviors today, such as loutishbehavioronthestreets,jostlingincrowds,impoliteshopassistantsandbad-tempereddrivers.Mr.Andersonsaysthese rude behaviors seem to be important, but day after day, they have big impact on peoples daily-life, make our lives uneasy,unpredictableandunpleasant.Astheyareoffensive and encounteredfarmoreoftenthancrime,theycancausemoreanxietythancrime.When people show their sorrow and grief about disruption of law and order, Mr.Andersonargued what really matters is order which has been proved by courteousformsofsocialcontact. At the same time, if we want to make peopleregulatebehavior by rules, it will have a sense of nonliteralnes but not natural. 12 academics in different area have make contribution to this book. They are from society, medicine, and so on. And this book has charted coarseningofBritain. This book says that some old words, such as gentleman and lady have lost their meanings. So we have to give them new means. RachelTrickett,honoraryfellowandformerprincipalofStHughsCollege.Oxford,saysthatthe general inclusive concept is said to protect women rather than belittle them. Asking equal rights for themselves makes the distinction between women and men blurry, and creates a situation where men can take the main place in their relationship, because man is more powerful than woman by nature. A woman says that without the protection of the code, women will be increasing be victims. The first fellow of Peterhouse.Cambridge points out that only has the meaning of satire and mockery. The most accepted meaning of gentleman is that some one incapable and criminal,betweenpeople who are born nobble but talent-less and those who are lacking in feeling or pity or warmth and only stock-in-tradeoftelevision.She arguesthis definition of gentlemen is not bound to certain class or just suit for certain people. The traditional behavior of a gentleman makes a man to behave himself as what is expected by the society in a public place as an individual. Politenessisnoconstraint,preciselybecausethemanners.arenocodebutalanguage,richflexible,restrainedandinfinitelysubtle.AnthonyOHfessorofphilosophyattheUniversityofBradford says manners are the rightly behavior according to peoples ages and social status. Those gentlemen will cont