2015年仁爱英语九年级上期末总复习提纲(Unit_1--Unit2.doc

2015年仁爱英语九年级上期末总复习提纲(Unit 1 - Unit2)语法知识提炼：现在完成时的构成一、 意义：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。1、 动作发生在过去 2、强调对现在的影响（结果）例：I have found my money.（找到钱的动作是发生在过去，但强调现在“有钱”了而不侧重什么时候找到钱的。）二、结构 S+V助【have(非第三人称单数)、has（第三人称单数）】+p.p(过去分词)+.三、助动词 have/has四、动词形式p.p的构成规则变化：1、一般在动词后+ed 例: call-called-called 2、以e结尾的直接+d 例: die-died-died 3、以辅音+y结尾的，变y为i+ed 例: worry-worried-worried 4、若是“四个一”（一元、一辅、一重、一闭）双写最后的辅音字母+ ed 例: stop-stopped-stopped不规则变化见九上书P146-148五、句型转换：（遵循“二步曲”原则）例: He has been in Luoshan Middle School for 2 years.否定：He has not been in Luoshan Middle School for 2 years.一般疑问句:-Has he been in Luoshan Middle School for 2 years? -Yes, he has./No, he hasnt.He has been in Luoshan Middle School for 2 years.(请对划线部分提问)特殊疑问句：How long has he been in Luoshan Middle School?区别：1、have/has gone to已经去了（某地）且未回（在途中或已达该地） 2、have/has been to曾经去过（某地）且已回（在此处） 3、have/has been in/at已经去了.（某地）且在该地 常与时间段状语连用例: Sally has gone to the U.S.A. He has been to Huaqiao University. We have been in Luoshan Middle School for 2 years.Section A1.My hometown has become more and more beautiful. has become have/has+p.p （become-became-become） more and more beautiful 多音节形容词的比较级通常与more and more连用2Rita, you have just come back from your hometown. (come-came-come)3. Great changes have taken place in my hometown. great change 巨大变化 take place 发生 正常/意料之中 （take-took-taken） happen发生 碰巧/偶然 (1)sb happen to do sth (2)sth happen to sb例 :We are happy to see great changes have taken place at Zeng Jiawei.I happened to meet my English teacher in the street. Unluckily, the accident happened to her.4. - I have been to Mount Huang with my parents. be(am/is/are)-was/were-been5.But there were so many people that I couldnt find a good place to take photos. sothat：如此以致于 不定式 to take photos 作目的状语6.By the way, wheres Maria? by the way 顺便说/问7.She has gone to Cuba to be a volunteer. go-went-gone动词不定式to be a volunteer作目的状语8.There goes the bell. =Thats the bell. =The bell is ringing.Section B9. I havent seen him for a long time. see-saw-seen for a long time 很长时间10. You took part in some volunteer activities during the summer holidays, didnt you? take part in参加some volunteer activities 一些志愿者活动during/in + 一段时间 在期间11.in a disabled childrens home 在残疾儿童之家 12.Have you ever fed them? feed-fed-fed13.Though I had no time to travel, I still felt very happy.though尽管、虽然/but但是 because因为/so 所以 这两组，各组中的两个词不可连用。 例 :Though she is a top student in her class, she still works hard.14. What a wonderful experience! 多么美好的一次经历！15. I think it makes me happy to help others. = To help others makes me happy. make sb./sth. +形容词 （2）it 形式主语 to help others 作真正主语16. I made some new friends here. We put on funny shows for a group of old people in a community. make friends交朋友put on上演17.jump rope跳绳chat online 网上聊天do farm work 做农活Section C17.She has seen the changes in Beijing herself. seeoneself 亲眼看到 see-saw-seen herself 亲自（同位语）18.In the 1960s,the roads were narrow and there werent many ring roads. In the 1960s （不等于1960）二十世纪六十年代 ring roads 环形路19.The living conditions in the city were poor. the living conditions 生活条件、生活环境 20. few children had the chance to receive a good education. few/a few/little/ a little have a/the(no) chance to do sth (没)有机会做某事 例:Jim had a chance to take part in the English Summer Camp. receive a good education 受到良好的教育21.People kept in touch with their friends and relatives far away mainly by letter or telegram. keep /get/lose in touch with sb与 保持/取得/失去联系 by：（介词）通过的方式 .main adjmainly adv 主要地22.China has developed rapidly since the reform and opening-up. More and more ring roads have appeared and buildings in Beijing are becoming taller and brighter. reform and opening-up 改革开放 more and more 越来越多23.Beijing has made rapid progress and it has already succeeded in hosting the 2008 Olympic games. make rapid progress 取得巨大进步 make-made-made succeed in (doing) sth = be successful in (doing) sth成功地做某事succeed (v)-success (n)-successful (adj.). success 例： Im proud of her success in passing the exam.succeed in doing sth 例：She succeeded in passing the exam. be successful 例：She was successful in passing the exam.24.remember the past, live in the present and dream about the future. 记住过去，立足现在，展望未来Section D25. Leisure activities play an important part in peoples lives. leisure activities休闲活动play an important part in在中扮演重要角色/起重要作用26. play hide-and-seek 玩捉迷藏 watch operas 看戏 listen to the radio 听收音机 in recent years =recently近几年 in ones spare time= in ones free time 在某人的空闲时间 make a tour abroad 出国旅游 place of interest 名胜古迹 in the past 在过去Unit 1 Topic2语法知识提炼：现在完成时跟already, yet, just , ever, never等的连用例：1.Hello, Kangkang. I have just called you, but you werent in.2.Ive never been there before. 3.Have you found him yet?4. Have you ever been to France? 5. Yes, I have seen him already.现在完成时常与下列副词连用：already已经 多用于肯定陈述句 yet尚且/已经 用在否定句【意为：还（没）；尚（未）】和疑问句中【意为：已经】 ever曾经 多用于疑问句 never从不/未 用在陈述句中表示否定意义 just刚刚 用在肯定句中例: I have already finished my homework.-Have you finished your homework yet? -Yes, I have./No, I havent finished it yet.-Have you ever been to France? -No, I havent. I have never been to a country in Europe before. Jim has been to France. He has just come back from it. Ive never been there before. before 以前(常与现在完成时连用) 一段时间+ago 之前 常与一般过去时连用例：-A Chinese panda came to the zoo a month ago. Would you like to come and see it with me? -Really? I d love to. I have never seen a live panda before. I cant wait!Section A1.We got lost and couldnt find each other. get/be lost 丢失 例:I am lost in the forest. 2.Lets call him up now. .lets do sth call sb up=ring sb up 例 :call sb=call sb up=give sb a ring=give sb a call=ring sb=ring sb up3.I really hate going to such a place. hate doinglike doing such a place(见第5点)4.So do I . “So+V助/V情/be+主语”表示上文所述内容，也适合第二主语。 例:-I like English very much. -So do I. -She is a shy girl. -So am I. -We can speak a little Japanese. -So can they.“Neither/Nor+V助/Vbe/V情+主语”表示上文所述内容，也不适合第二主语。 例:-I dont like English at all. -Neither does he. -I have never been to Paris. -Nor have my parents.5. There were such many people that they couldnt find each other. . such a/an +adj+n+that-从句 如此以至于 so+adj+a/an+n+that-从句 如此以至于例 :Yuqing is such a kind girl that everyone likes her. Yuqing is so kind a girl that everyone likes her.Section B6.Kangkang is reading a report on population in the newspaper.on 通常用于专业性强 about通常用于表示内容7. population population（总称）人口，人数。可以用large/big/small等形容词修饰。the largest population in the world 世界上最多的人口the population of + 国家/地区： 某国、地区的人口/ .have a population of +数量：有人口population做主语时，谓语动词常用单数；针对人口数量提问，特殊疑问词用 What, 而不用how much。 例：The population of China is very large.中国人口众多Whats the population of China?中国有多少人口？China has a population of 1.3 billion.中国有13亿人口。8.It is increasing by 80 million every year. increase by, 以速度增长increase to 增加到 例 :The price of house in China increases by 1000 yuan a square meter every year.9.-Which country has the largest population? -China has the largest population, with 1.3 billion.10.It shows that the population in developing countries is larger than that in developed countries ,doesnt it? developing country 发展中国家 developed country 发达国家 句中的第一个that 是宾语从句的引导词；句中的第二个that 在该句中指代the population。that 通常替代上文中表示物体的可数单数名词或不可数名词，those则替代可数名词复数11.-Whats more ,the population in developing countries is growing faster. -So it is. Whats more 而且 So it is-So+主语+V助/V情/Vbe 对上文的进一步肯定 例 :Wu Shangtao has already changed a lot in the past. -So he has. Great changes have taken place in Jinjiang in the past 20 years. -So they have.12.Luckily, China has already carried out the one-child policy to control the population. carry out 执行Section C13.and about one fifth of the people in the world live in China. one fifth 五分之一 分数表达法： （1）分子用基数词，分母用序数词（2）当分子等于“1”时,分母用单数（3）当分子大于“1”时，分母用复数“+s” (4)带分数：4 2/3 four and two thirds (5)百分数：基数词（分子）+percent 1/4 a quarter/ one fourth 3/4 three quarters/ three fourths 1/2 a/ one half 分数作定语时，与所修饰的名词之间加of 例：3/5的学生 three fifths of the students 分数作定语时，后面可接可数名词，也可接不可数名词，谓语动词的单复数与分数之后的名词的数保持一致。 例：One half of the bread has gone bad./Three fifths of the students in our class are girls.14.there is less living space for each family. little-less-least15. And its difficult for lots of people to find jobs. The large population also causes many other difficulties for the whole nation. difficult(adj)difficulty(n)difficulties(复数)16.we are short of energy and water. be short of短缺 例: Nowadays, we have everything but we are short of knowledge.17.So far, our government has taken many measures to control the population. so far 迄今为止(常现在完成时) 例 :So far, we have already studied English for more than 2 years. take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事 例: I have already taken measures to make you active.18. One is known as the one-child policy. be known as =be famous as作为而著名 be known for=be famous for. 以/ 因而著名例:Yuan Long ping is known as a farmer scientist.19. It has worked well in controlling Chinas population. work well in (doing) sth 在某方面起明显作用20.newborn babies 初生儿 21.It has become one of the biggest social problems（最大/严重的问题） today.Section D21. It has fewer than 600 people. fewer than 少于 - more than 多于=over 22. They are careful with garbage and discourage cutting trees. be careful with 对小心、谨慎Unit 1 Topic 3语法知识提炼：现在完成中延续性动词与短暂性动词的用法与区别一、 用法2：表示过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在（可能结束也可能继续下去）例:I have studied English since 2008.二、 这种用法常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用一段时间：since+过去某时间点，指过去具体的年、月、日、星期、小时等例:since 1996 since last year/ month/ week since yesterday since July (在七月已过的情况下) since 8 oclock (在8点已过的情况下) since+一段时间+ago 例： since 3 days ago (3) since + 一般过去时从句 例： It has been 2 years since I came here. for+时间段（一段时间） 例:for 2 days/3 years/5 months例:We have studied English since we come here./since 2010./for 2years./since 2 years ago.三、 在现在完成时中与一段时间状语连用的动词：延续性动词V实：1.V短：表示瞬间发生的动作（动作发生即结束）：open/go/come/die 2.V延：表示动作持续一段时间：play/study/keep四、V短-V延 如何将短暂性动词变成延续性动词P119 gobe away/there buyhave borrowkeep comebe heredie be dead leave be away (from ) joinbe in buy-have borrow-keep 例: I bought the book two years ago. I have had the book since two years ago.I have had the book for 2 years.五、其它可用于现在完成时的时间状语：so far, in recent years/ recently, in the past 数字 years Section A1. How do you like living there? how do you like(doing) sth = what do you think of (doing) sth 你觉得（做）某事怎么样？2. Oh, you will get used to it very soon if you come.get/be used to( doing )sth 习惯（做）某事 used to do sth 过去常常做某事 3. As a matter of a fact, its a wonderful place to live.as a matter of fact=in fact不定式to live 作后置定语4. you can go to if you like. 5. You must come for a visit.Section B6. Martin showed me an interesting article. show sb sth 给某人看某物7. It is about a program that helps homeless people. homeless people 无家可归的人8.Since it started, it has helped hundreds of people return to work and live a normal life. 重返工作岗位live/have a normal life 概数：hundreds /thousands/millions/billions of 9.-How do they manage it? -Well, once they find people in need, they decided on suitable ways to help them. manage 安排-manager n 经理 once 一旦（后常接一个句子（条件状语从句）主将从现）例: Once I have a chance, I will be NO.1. .in need 需要（作后置定语） 例:A friend in need is a friend indeed.decide on 决定 suitable ways 适当的方法10. Can the homeless people get enough food and medical treatment? medical treatment医疗11. The program also provides them with houses. provide sb with sth / provide sth for sb 为某人提供某物 offer sb sth =offer sth for sb例:Our school has already provided us with computers.12. I think it is important for people there to feel good about themselves. 对某人感觉良好宾语从句 .it is +adj+for sb +to do sth 例:It is necessary (important)for us to study English well.13.The world has changed for the better.14. help sb out 帮助某人脱离困境 get in/into trouble pick up 去接Section C15. Some people are homeless for a short period of time 一小段时间16. have a problem with有某方面的问题 on purpose 故意；有意地17. think of.as. 将看作（视为）=regardas./ consider as /treatas.Section D18. afford and education 负担教育的费用 19. make a contribution to. 为做贡献20. continue (doing) sth. 继续 21. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人去做22. .because of + 名/ 代/ 动名 普通用法，表示理由，没有感情色彩because + 从句 thanks to + 名/ 代/ 动名 多亏了；由于 带有“感谢”的感情色彩 Unit2 Topic1语法知识提炼：一般过去时和现在完成时的区别：(P125)现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果强调的是现在的情况，不能直接和表示过去某一时间的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, three weeks ago, in 2007 等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，强调的是过去得而情况，它可以和表示过去的某一时间的时间状语连用。如：I have been to Beijing.我去过北京。(我对北京有所了解)I went to Beijing last year.我去年去过北京。(只说我去年去过北京，不涉及现在的情况)She has lived here since 2000.2000年以来她一直住在这里。(她现在还在这里) She lived here in 2000.2000年她住在这里。(不涉及她现在是否还住在这里)Section A1.The air was fresh and the water was clean ,and you could see bees and butterflies dancing.see sb. do sth.看见某人做了某事 see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事2. The flowers and grass have gone! have gone已经消失3. It smells terrible!. V+adj.(系表结构) V: Vbe(am,/is/are/was/were/been) V”(look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem) V 变(get+adj.; turn+adj.; become+n.) go(变) go bad/mad4. What has happened here? happen(偶然/碰巧发生) take place(有/按计划发生) sth. happen to sb.; sb. happen to do sth.5. There are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream. There be +sb/sth.+doing sth.某地有某人/物正在做 chemical factories化工厂 waste water废水 pourinto倒进 eg. There are some students playing basketball on the playground. Did you pour the bad food into the bag?Section B1. Whats wrong with you?=Whats the matter with you?=Whats up? Kangkang asked Mrs. Zhou what was wrong with her.2.Its difficult for me to breathe. Its+adj.+for/of sb.+to do sth. out of breath()eg. Its difficult for her to work out the problem. Its silly of students to copy homework.3.- How long have you been like this? Ive been like this since last week.4. The chemical factory produces terrible gas/dirty water.5. The bad air makes my chest hurt. make sb./sth. do sth. hurt vi.6. Whats worse, the factory makes too much noise and I cant sleep well at night. Whats worse/more too many+n.(pl.); too much+un.; much too+adj./adv. eg. There are too many people in the store. I have too much homework every day. The store is much too crowded.7. Im always in a bad mood because I cant bear the environment here. be in a bad/good mood; cant bear sth/doing sth.=cant stand sth/ doing sth. eg. We cant bear his mistake. I cant bear waiting for you so long.8. Anyway, I hope the government will solve this problem soon. Thank you anyway.=Thank you all the same. solve this problem9 soil pollution; water pollution; noise pollution; air pollution; light pollution; litterSection C1.However, not all people know noise is also a kind of pollution and is harmful to humans health.部分否定Not与all/both/every连用:不是每个人/所有人都eg. Not everybody likes watching TV.全部否定None, neither, no one, nothing, nobody eg. Nothing is difficult for me. Neither of the brothers like(s) playing soccer.2. People who work and live in noisy conditions often go deaf. go bad/mad deaf/blind Print newspapers and books3.Quite a few people living near airports also have hearing loss. quite a few=many; quite a little=much; living near airport; hearing loss4.Recently, it was reported that many teenagers in America can hear no better than 65-year-old people do. It is reported/said/known that; no better than=as weak as5.Making a loud noise in public is also a kind of pollution.6.It not only disturbs others but also does great harm to peoples hearing. not onlybut also不但（仅）而且，引导两个对等的结构作同一个成分。当连接两个结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由最靠近的那个主语来决定（就近原则）eg. Not only I but also he likes English.He can not only sing, but also dance. He likes not only English but also math. He is not only a teacher, but also a speaker. disturb sb do harm to sb.=be harmful to sb.7.Nowadays, many countries are trying to solve all sorts of environmental problems, including noise pollution. nowadays=now; solve the problems=deal with; all sorts of=all kinds of=kinds ofSection D1. Burning gas, oil and coal creates air pollution.2.With the increase in population and the development of industry, litter is everywhere.3.In the fields, farmers use too many chemicals which destroy the soil. Soil pollution causes unhealthy food. On a farm; in the fields4.Too much noise can cause high blood pressure as well.5.Working in strong light for a long time may cause some kinds of illnesses.With less pollution, our planet will become greener and our health U2 Topic2语法知识提炼： 不定代词和副词的用法。（P121-122）some或some构成的不定代词常用于肯定句。但表建议、请求、希望对方作肯定回答的疑问句中，也用some或some所构成的不定代词。any或any构成的不定代词用于否定、疑问句中。肯：任何的意思。every或every所构成的不定代词用于各种句型中。no或no所构成的不定代词用于肯定句，表否定意义。不定代词作主语时，谓语用三单形式。 不定代词的修辞语后置。在由不定代词所构成的反意疑问句中，当表示人的不定代词作主语时，附加部分的主语用he或they，当表示物的不定代词作主语时，附加部分用it。nothing=notanything eg. Everyone is here. Everyone is OK. Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. Do you have anything important to say? I dont have anything to say.=I have nothing to say. Eve