高中英语 Unit 1 Art Learning about language 2课件 新人教版选修6.ppt

unit1art learningaboutlanguage 1 英语动词有三种语气 陈述语气 祈使语气和虚拟语气 2 定义 用来表示说的话不是事实 或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况 而是一种愿望 建议 假设的语气叫虚拟语气 一 虚拟语气定义 q what sthedifferencebetweenthetwosentences ifiamfree iwillvisityou ifiwereabird iwouldflyintothesky 虚拟条件句 真实条件句 whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery ifiwonthelottery iwould ifiwonthelottery iwouldbuyanexpensivecar 与现在事实相反 ifiwonthelottery iwouldbuyavilla 与现在事实相反 ifhehadgotupearly hewouldnothavebeenlateforschool 与过去事实相反 ifhe morecarefully he thecaraccidentyesterday 与过去事实相反 haddriven wouldnothavehad ifi howtoswim i trappedinthisisland 与过去事实相反 hadlearnt wouldnothavebeen 假如他来了 我们对他说什么呢 ifheweretocome whatshouldwesaytohim 假如他看见我 就会认识我 ifheshouldseeme hewouldknowme 与将来事实相反 二虚拟语气的应用 一 if引导的虚拟条件句 haddone 助动词be用were实义动词do用did did wereshoulddoweretodo wouldshould havedonesthcouldmight wouldshould dosthcouldmight wouldshould dosthcouldmight ifiwereyou i buythehouserightnow a won tb don tc wouldn td can t2 morecareful hisshipwouldnothavesunk a ifthecaptainwereb ifthecaptainhadbeenc shouldthecaptainbed ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen3 ifhe metomorrow iwouldlethimknowa shouldcallb shouldnothavebeenablec werenotabled arenotable b c a ifiwereateacher iwouldhavelotsofstudents iateacher iwouldhavelotsofstudents ifihadenteredrui anhighschool iwouldnotsitherenow enteredrui anhighschool iwouldnotsitherenow ifweshouldvisitzhejianguniversitytomorrow iwouldplaybasketballthere zhejianguniversitytomorrow iwouldplaybasketballthere were hadi shouldwe 当从句中有were had或should时 可省略if 而把它们放在句首 注意 虚拟语气的倒装和省略 二 名词性从句的虚拟语气 主要是表示命令 要求 建议的虚拟语气 宾语从句 常见动词 一个坚持 insist两个命令 order command三个建议 advise suggest propose五个要求 demand require request desireask 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法 即从句中的动词使用should 动词原形 或者将should省略 1 我们建议tom去休息一下 2 他坚决要求我到场 3 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑 4 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作 1 wesuggestedthattom 2 heinsistedthatipresent 4 theyrequestedthatwe 3 thekingorderedthattheprisoners shouldhavearest should be shouldbekilled thenextday shouldsendthem toworkthere insist suggest各有两意思 要用不同的语气 表 坚决要求 虚拟 should do 表 坚称 坚持说 陈述语气 表事实 表 建议 虚拟 should do 表 表明 暗示 用陈述语气 theteachersuggestedthatwe moreafterclass 我们课后多练习 thelookonherfacesuggestedthatshe happyheinsistedthatallofus thereontimebyanymeans 我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿 heinsistedthathe thewallet 没有偷钱包 insist suggest should practise was shouldbe didn tsteal 注意 2 以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句 包括主语从句 表语从句和同位语从句 也要使用虚拟语气 从句中的动词形式一样 1 it ssuggestedthattheplan carryout 2 mydemandisthatshe come toseemeonceaweek 3 allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactory closedown becarriedout shouldcome shouldbecloseddown order advice suggestion proposal demand request desire 4 thesuggestionthatheshouldthinkofwasgood thoughtof 定语从句 一 wish 宾语从句用虚拟语气iwish did were 与现在情况相反 haddone 与过去情况相反 could would might 与将来情况相反 1 iwishi be asstrongasyou 2 howiwishi be youngagain 3 iwishi see youyesterday 4 iwishi know yourtelephonenumberearlier 5 iwishi canfly tothemoononeday were were hadseen hadknown couldfly 三 动词后的虚拟 wouldratherthat 现在 过去 未来 iwouldratheryou menow 现在 iwouldratheryou too 过去 don tcome iwouldratheryou tomorrow 未来 过去时 过去时 过去完成时 paid hadgone came 二 wouldrather 三 hope think want expect plan suppose mean等动词若用过去完成式或由这些词后接不定式完成式时 表示过去未完成的愿望 i towritetoyouearlierbutiwastoobusythen i toyoubut wantedtohavewritten hadwanted meant he tohelp buthecouldn tgetthereintime a wantb wantedc hadwantedd havewanted 一 asif asthrough引导的方式状语从句 好象 似乎 1 thewomantakesgoodcareoftheorphansasifshe be theirownmother 2 shespeaksenglishsofluentlyasifshe study itinengland were hadstudied is 注意 有迹象表明要发生某事时 不用虚拟 3 theytalkedasifthey friendsforyears 4 itlooksasifit be goingtorain hadbeen 四 状语从句中的虚拟 5 helookedpaleasifhe ill a werebwaschadbeendshouldbe 二 一些状语从句的虚拟 在incase forfearthat inorderthat lest sothat引导的状语从句中 谓语动词一般用should could might 动词原形 其中should可省略 haveyourgunreadyincasewe need it hegotupearlyinorderthathe catch thefirstbus should need couldcatch ifonlyi hisname ifonlywe youradvice ifonlyi himagain 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了 要是我没错过火车就好了 ifonlyourparents ifonly 三 ifonly 要是 就好了 只有状语从句 knew hadfollowed couldsee couldlivewithus ihadn tmissedthetrain iwish 五 it shightime that should v 过去时 你该走了 我们该睡觉了 it shightimethatyou it shightimethatyou it stimethatwe it stimethatwe tobed went shouldgo wenttobed shouldgo it snecessary strange natural importantapity that 从句中的动词要用虚拟 即 should 动词原形 1 itisimportantthatwe should masteraforeignlanguage 2 itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty 3 it snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard 六 itis adj n that 介词without butfor引导的短语 代替if引导的虚拟条件从句 iftherenowater fishcouldnotlive fishcouldnotlive 2 ifyoume iwouldhavefailed iwouldhavefailed 3 ifthepartyus wecouldnotrealize wecouldnotrealize 注意 without引导各种与事实相反虚拟 butfor只引导与过去事实相反的虚拟 withoutwater without butforyourhelp withouttheparty sleadership 七 介词后的的虚拟 were hadnothelped didn tlead 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点 1 假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致 叫做错综条件虚拟语气 主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定 hadfollowed wouldn tbe iftheweatherhadbeenfiner thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetternow ifyou follow theteacher sadvice you be inthehospitalnow 2 含蓄条件句 3 i himtheanswer butiwassobusythen 4 shewouldpasstheexam butshe studyhard doesn t wouldhavetold 前后两个句子根据陈述的需要 其中一个句子用虚拟 由一个句子用陈述语气 这种现象称之为含蓄条件句 1 but引导条件结构的两种形式 a hewouldgainweightbuthedoesn teatenough b hewouldhavewrittenbefore buthewasbusy 句型1 would do but 现在时陈述句 句型2 would havedone but 过去时陈述句 2 otherwise or orelse though although等引出虚拟 a iambusy otherwiseiwouldhelpyou b einsteinhadlittleconcernformoney though although hecouldhavebeenaveryrichman 1 thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit a willrainb rainsc rainedd israined b 精选习题 2 youdidn tletmedrive ifwe inturn you sotired a drove didn tgetb haddriven wouldn thavegotc drove would