21世纪大学英语3讲稿.doc

吉林警察学院教师讲稿（20152016 学年第一学期） 课程名称： 大学英语 课程编号： 17310100 年级专业： 2014级本科计算机、法学、侦查学区队 开课系部： 中外语言系 开课教研室： 英日教研室 任课教师： 林 若 铭 吉林警察学院教务处制Unit 1: Hero and CourageText A What Courage Looks LikeI. Theme-related InformationWhat do you know about these heroes?Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929 April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, activist and prominent leader in the African-American civil rights movement. Kings efforts led to the 1963 March on Washington, where King delivered his I Have a Dream speech. There, he raised public consciousness of the civil rights movement and established himself as one of the greatest orators in U.S. history.Horatio Nelson (29 September 1758 21 October 1805) was a flag officer famous for his service in the Royal Navy, particularly during the Napoleonic Wars. The English admiral and naval hero was noted for his bravery and for his victories, including the decisive Battle of Trafalgar. He ranks as the last great naval hero of a proud seafaring nation.Joan of Arc, nicknamed “The Maid of Orlans” (1412 30 May 1431), is a folk heroine of France and a Roman Catholic saint. A peasant girl born in what is now eastern France who claimed divine guidance, she led the French army to several important victories during the Hundred Years War, which paved the way for the coronation of Charles VII of France.Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (2 October 1869 30 January 1948), commonly known as Mahatma Gandhi, was the preeminent leader of Indian nationalism in British-ruled India. Employing non-violent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for non-violence, civil rights and freedom across the world.II. Language and Cultural Points1. host v. to provide the place and everything that is needed for the people invited or for an organized eventExamples: Which country is going to host the next World Cup？In China, the wedding is generally hosted by the grooms family. 2. grave a. looking or sounding quiet and serious, especially because sth. important or worrying has happenedExamples: The patient was clearly in an extremely grave condition. His face was grave as he told them about the accident.他神情严肃地向他们讲述了那场事故。显然，这位病人的情况十分严重。3. announcement n. an important or official statementExamples: David made the announcement at a news conference. Hell make an official announcement later after visiting troops in Iraq.在对驻伊部队的访问结束后，他将发表正式声明。戴维在新闻发布会上发出了公告。4. be out of order be in the wrong order; go wrongExamples: The elevator was out of order, so we had to walk to the tenth floor of the building. As the floods had put the telephone out of order, we could not find out how they were managing.由于洪水造成了电话中断，我们无法了解他们的情况。由于电梯发生故障，我们只好徒步爬上十楼。5. on board on a ship, train, plane or other vehiclesExamples: We had a pleasant time on board both ships. The captain refused to leave his sinking ship while there were others on board. 在船上还有其他人的时候，船长拒绝离开正在下沉的船。我们在两艘船上都度过了快乐的时光。6. in the event of if sth. happensExamples: Call the police in the event of an emergency. In the event of rain, the party will be held indoors. 如果下雨，聚会就在室内举行。如果遇到紧急情况就打电话给警察。7. comfort v. to make sb. feel less worried, unhappy, or upset, for example by saying kind things to them or touching them妈妈充满爱心的话使哭泣的孩子得到安慰。 n. a feeling of freedom from worry or disappointmentExample: They love nice things and like to live in comfort. 他们喜欢美好的东西，过舒适的生活。Example: Her mothers words of love comforted the sobbing child. 8. hysterical a. unable to control ones behavior or emotions because of extreme excitement, anger, etc. Examples: He is hysterical at the sight of the photo. You are getting hysterical, maybe you should try to calm down.你越来越激动了，也许你应该试着冷静下来。他一看到那张照片就异常激动。9. fellow n. people that you work with, study with, or who are in the same situation as youExamples: You must not let fellow workers take advantage of your fine talents. He was a bright little fellow with a fresh-looking face.他是一个聪明的小伙子，有着鲜活帅气的面容。不要让你的同事利用你的才能。10. be stunned by be shocked byExamples: She was stunned by the news of her sons death. He was too stunned by what had happened to say anything.他对所发生的事情感到十分震惊，一时说不出话来。她儿子的死讯令她震惊。11. grim a. looking or sounding very serious; making you feel worriedExamples: He has to acknowledge the grim fact. Given these grim realities, how should the effort at reform be pursued?考虑到这些严酷的现实，改革的努力又应如何继续呢？他不得不承认这无情的事实。12. composure n. the state of feeling or seeming calmExamples: I did my best to regain my composure.She maintained her composure, though with difficulty, throughout the trial.尽管十分困难，她在审讯中还是尽力保持冷静。我尽了最大的努力恢复镇静。13. tremor n. a slight shaking or trembling movementExamples: Her behavior caused a great tremor in the society.There had been a tremor so slight that I did not even feel it.发生的震动十分轻微，我甚至都没有感觉到。她的行为在社会上引起了极大震动。14. clench v. to hold ones hands, teeth, etc. together tightly, usually out of anger or determinationExamples: He clenched his teeth and refused to tell anything.The boy clenched his fists, ready to defend himself.小男孩攥紧拳头，准备保护自己。他咬紧牙关，什么也不肯说。15. assure v. to make certain of; be careful or certain to do sth.Examples: Halfway through the survey, he began assuring me there was only “one last question”.Instead, you can earn her trust by assuring her that you will do your work to her specifications.相反，你可以通过向她保证你会按照她的要求做事来赢得她的信任。调查进展到一半时，他努力使我相信只剩下“最后一个问题了”。16. chaos n. a situation in which everything is happening in a confused way and nothing is organized or arranged in orderExamples: Chaos in one area is likely to spread to another.After the dissolution of parliament the country went in chaos.国会解散之后，这个国家陷入一片混乱。在一个地区发生的骚乱很有可能扩散到另一地区。17. grief n. extreme sadness, especially because sb. you love has diedExamples: She went nearly mad with grief after the child died.They found the poor old man half frantic with grief and anger.他们看到这位可怜的老人由于悲伤和愤怒，几乎发疯了。孩子死后，她伤心欲绝，几乎要疯了。18. ward off to prevent the occurrence of; to prevent from happeningExamples: No official bodies have been able to ward off the sinister threat.There are innumerable instances where threatened calamity has been warded off.有数不清的可怕灾难最后都避免了。没有任何官方机构能够阻止这种可怕的威胁。19. haunt v. to cause problems for sb. over a long period of timeExamples: For years she was haunted by guilt.Mistakes always come back to haunt you.错误似乎总在你身边作祟。多年来愧疚一直困扰着她。Unit 2: CommunicationText A: Whereas You Were an Insensitive Fool .I. Theme-related InformationFacial ExpressionHappyangrysadshysurprisedscaredsleepyconfusedembarrasseddisappointedGestureQuietOKwell-downI love youstopclappingprayvictorylook down uponActionSmilekissshakebowpointnodwavehugbendstareNever mistake legibility for communication. David Carson决不要把简洁易懂等同于能够交流。戴维卡森It is insight into human nature that is the key to the communicators skill. For whereas the writer is concerned with what he puts into his writing, the communicator is concerned with what the reader gets out of it. William Bernbach对人性的洞察力是交流技能的关键所在。作家往往关注他写作的内容，而对于一个交流者而言，他所关注的是读者能从其作品中获取什么。威廉伯恩巴克II. Language and Cultural Points1. tailgate v. to drive too closely to the vehicle in front of youe.g. Perhaps the fact that the car was tailgating him made him accelerate. 或许是因为那辆汽车跟得太紧，他才加速的。Police pulled him over doing 120km/h, making rapid changes and tailgating. 警察让他把车靠边停下，因为他的时速高达120公里，还一直快速变道、紧贴前车行驶 。2. luxury n. very great comfort and pleasure, such as you get from expensive food, beautiful houses, cars, etc. e.g.By all accounts he leads a life of considerable luxury. 据说他的生活颇为奢侈 。她在锦衣玉食的环境中长大 。She was brought up in an atmosphere of luxury and wealth.3. My husband is a lawyer, so naturally the language he best understands is that of the legal profession. My husband is a lawyer, so he can best understand the language about his work. 句中that指代前面的the language， that of the legal profession就是the language of the legal profession 。 4. stumble v. to hit your foot against sth. or put your foot down awkwardly while you are walking or running, so that you almost fall e.g.He stumbled and almost fell. 他差点被绊倒 。stumble over/on fall because your foot hit against sth. Vic stumbled over the step as he came in.维克进来的时候在台阶上绊了一下 。5. indignant a. angry and surprised because you feel insulted or unfairly treatede.g. His indignant conclusion was, “Whatever the answer to that question may be, what is going on is just too important to ignore.” 他愤慨地总结道：“不论这个问题的答案是什么，正在发生的事情太重要了，不容忽视 。”They were indignant that the government had not consulted them.政府没有征求他们的意见,这让他们很愤怒 。6. awful a. 1. very bad or unpleasant 2. used to emphasize sth., especially that there is a large amount or too much of sth. e.g. Even if the weathers awful theres lots to do. 即使天气很差，也还有好多事情可以做 。Jeans look awful on me.我穿牛仔裤难看极了 。Thats an awful lot of money. Im in an awful hurry to get to the bank. 那是很多很多钱呀 。我正急着去银行 。8. Neither my silent anger nor my open rage would reach him. My inner anger cant get his attention; my fiery yelling cant, either. 9. rage n. a strong feeling of uncontrollable anger e.g. He admitted shooting the man in a fit of rage.他承认自己一怒之下朝那人开了枪 。He was red-cheeked with rage.他气得满脸通红 。10. reach v. to get the attention or interest of sb.; to make sb. understand or accept sth. e.g. The company is using TV commercials to reach a bigger audience. 这个公司利用电视广告来吸引更多的观众 。I dont think Im reaching my son.我想我现在不懂我儿子了 。11. sound a. (structure, part of sbs body, or sbs mind) in good condition or healthye.g. He was found to be of sound mind when he committed the murder.经证明，他在杀人时心智正常 。His body was still sound.他的身体仍然硬朗 。12. mock a. (only before noun) not real, but intended to be very similar to a real situation, substance, etc.e.g. “Its tragic!” swoons Jeffrey in mock horror. “真惨啊！”杰弗里假装吓得昏了过去 。One of them was subjected to a mock execution. 他们当中有一个人受到了假处决 。13. draft v. to write a plan, letter, report, etc. that will need to be changed before it is in its finished forme.g. He drafted a standard letter to the editors. 他起草了一份给编辑的标准信函 。The legislation was drafted by House Democrats. 法律由众议院民主党草拟 。14. plaintiff n. sb. who brings a legal action against another person in a court of lawe.g. When the court session opens, the court invites the plaintiff to state his case. 开庭后，法庭会要求原告陈述他的案情 。Selling spouses is illegal. Plaintiff has clear grounds for divorce. 贩卖配偶是非法的，原告有足够的理由离婚 。15. defendant n. the person in a court of law who has been accused of doing sth. illegale.g. The plaintiff accused the defendant of fraud. 原告指控被告欺诈 。 The defendant appeared at the juvenile court yesterday . 这名被告昨天在少年法庭出庭受审 。16. maintenance n. 1. the act of making a state or situation continue 2. the repairs, painting, etc. that are necessary to keep sth. in good condition e.g. The basic underlying principles of weight loss and maintenance are the same; you have to eat a healthy diet and increase your exercise. 减重和保持的基本原则是相同的: 你必须养成健康的饮食习惯，同时增加体育运动 。17. maintenance e.g. As for the independent director, maintenance of his reputation is an important motive to prompt him to perform his duty.对独立董事来说,保持自身的声誉是促使他履行职责的重要动机之一 。The building has suffered from years of poor maintenance. 这栋楼年久失修 。17. dwelling n. a house, apartment, etc. where people live e.g. Wuthering Heights is the name of Mr. Heathcliffs dwelling. 呼啸山庄是希斯克利夫先生住处的名字 。In an early morning, I, being alone, sneaked out of my dwelling quietly and walked toward the lotus place, which has been admired in my heart for a long time . 一日清晨，我独自一人悄悄地溜出住处，朝着那片心仪已久的荷花地走去 。18. attorney n. a lawyere.g. The attorney for the defense challenged the juror. 被告辩护律师不同意这位陪审员的意见 。The attorney for the defense challenged the evidence as hearsay.被告辩护律师驳斥该证据为道听途说 。19. contemplate v. 1. to think about sth. seriously for a long time 2. to think about sth. that you might do in the futuree.g. He goes to the park every day to sit and contemplate. 他每天去公园，坐在那里沉思默想 。He contemplated the meaning of the poem for a long time.这首诗的意思他思考了很久 。20. contemplate v. 1. to think about sth. seriously for a long time 2. to think about sth. that you might do in the futuree.g. He had even contemplated suicide. 他甚至考虑过自杀 。Shes contemplating moving to the city. 她正考虑搬到城里 。21. Despite the Plaintiffs report that she heard a “snapping sound” when she stumbled and fell, the Defendant dismissed this evidence of a broken bone, contending, ridiculously, that it must have been the strap on her high heels snapping. Although I told my husband that I heard a breaking sound when I fell, my husband totally ignored what happened to my foot and said unreasonably that the sound was from the broken strap of my shoes.22. dismiss v. 1. to refuse to consider sbs idea, opinion, etc., because you think it is not serious, true, or important 2. to tell sb. that they are allowed to go, or are no longer needed e.g. I wouldnt dismiss it out of hand.我不会不假思索地摈弃它 。Mr. Wakeham dismissed the reports as speculation. 韦克厄姆先生把这些报道当作臆测而不予理会 。23. dismiss v. 1. to refuse to consider sbs idea, opinion, etc., because you think it is not serious, true, or important 2. to tell sb. that they are allowed to go, or are no longer needed e.g. The military commander has been dismissed.军队司令已经被免职了 。Two more witnesses were called, heard, and dismissed. 又有两名证人被传讯后获准离开了 。24. contend v. 1. to argue or state that sth. is true 2. to compete against sb. in order to gain sth. e.g. Most women contend that high heels are perfectly comfortable once you get used to them.多数女性都声称，一旦你习惯了高跟鞋穿起来就再舒服不过了 。Supporters contend these laws are simply meant to ensure the integrity of the voting process. 支持者认为这些法律仅仅是为了保证投票过程的公正 。Unit 3: StressText A Stress in Modern Life By David MoldenI. Theme-related InformationStress Management TipsStress is considered to be the biggest non-medical killer of human beings. Though stress can play a positive role in your life, it ends up inducing many types of bodily complications. Hence, it is highly important to control this invisible killer.The biggest factor that has contributed to an increased amount of stress in our lives is hectic work schedules. One can add to it factors like performance anxiety, meeting deadlines, and social pressures. What one eventually gets is a tired mind that is completely worked out. Here are a few things that you can do.1. Improve your breathing- It often happens that we get so engrossed with our work that we forget to take regular breaths. As a result, we quickly and frequently get out of breath. It may appear very insignificant but lack of proper breathing does induce stress in us. It can be countered by consciously focusing upon our breaths. Instead of shallow breathing, you consciously need to take in deep breaths.2. Do some meditation- Meditation will help you bring thoughts in your mind, all together. It will help you focus them on to one single thing. This will eventually help you in concentrating on your work, thereby reducing your workload.3. Avoid focus only on work- When you concentrate only on work, you are unknowingly inviting a lot of stress upon you. Hence, it is better that once you complete important assignments, you take your mind off work for some time. Have a look around to find some distraction. Focus your thought and energy on that and feel relaxed and satisfied.4. Talk to people around you- Have a healthy relationship with people around you. This will help you reduce any sort of emotional stress that can crop up due to work-related aloofness. If not handled, it can wreak a lot of psychological havoc and disrupt your day-to-day functioning.5. Eat good food- Stress can be busted with the help of your favorite food. However, do not binge on deep fried stuff. It will lead to accumulation of fat and cholesterol, which would make you sluggish. Further, instead of drinking coffee, it is better to switch to green tea. It will help in bringing down the levels of cortisol, a noted stress inducing hormone.6. Go vacationing- All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. It also adds to his stress. Hence, it is better for Jack to take some time off work and go for a vacation. This will soothe his nerves and take his mind off work for some time.7. Stress removing therapies- You can try out stress removing massage therapies. Massages can rejuvenate your entire body system and give you a fresh sensation in your entire body. If you dont have time for a parlor massage, do it yourself at home. Add some aromatherapy as well.8. Listen to some music- Instead of remaining glued to your TV, it is better that you listen to your favorite music. It will calm down your frail nerves and help you relax. Lastly, remember stress management is all about relaxing, of staying away from too much of stressful activity in day-to-day life. Apart from doing something to feel relaxed, you can also feel relaxation in your head all the while. It would definitely help.II. Language and Cultural Points1. acquaint v. to know about sth., because you have seen it, read it, used itExamples: She was well acquainted with classical literature.All people shou