2014秋当代4备考宝典.doc

Comprehensive English, Book 42014 AutumnI. 综合英语4：关于词汇部分的要求：弄清楚中英文释义，综英词汇还必须了解其用法及固定搭配。CE4 Vocabulary：了解其用法及固定搭配，可能出现在拼写题、改错题和多项选择题中。Unit 1: beneficial; commence; entitle to; despair; justifiable; be fed up with; initiative; engage; the last straw; be informed of;1. commence:Patients commence the two-month course at least a week before quitting smoking, starting with one 150mg tablet a day and increasing to two.2. entitle to:The letter of introduction written by your boss will entitle you to attend the seminar.3. in despair: having lost all hopeHaving lost contact with the base camp for days on end, the mountaineers were in despair.4. Justifiable: being right, reasonable or properHe has much difficulty proving that his defense is justifiable.5. be fed up with：He had got fed up with conventional life, and decided to travel around the world on bicycle.6. the last straw: additional burden beyond endurance.She filled it in as best she could, only to get a reply saying she had done so incorrectly and could she please fill in a further four forms. This was the last straw.7. be informed of:Be sure to inform us of the progress in your research.Unit 2: imply; bypass; occurrence; run out; distinctive; vice versa; unenviable; affluence; owe to; scramble up; incidence; commonplace; historical1. imply: indicateThe author implies that Australias property is due to pure luck, but not good judgment.2. distinctiveWith his distinctive uniform, the policeman can be easily spotted in the crowd.3. vice versa: the order ore relation being reversedThe teacher tries to teach the children to play new games. But what troubles her is that the boys may refuse to play with the girls, or vice versa.4. unenviable:Australia holds the unenviable record of having the worlds highest incidence of skin monplace:Now studying abroad is commonplace and even taken for granted.Unit 3: luxury; buzz-word; fan out; downside; striking a balance; generate; decree; costly; enduring; in excess of; resort; intrusion; count on1. luxury, fan out:Special landing craft fan out from luxury ships to explore the most remote beaches in the Galapagos Islands.2. count on: rely onDont count on going abroad this summer. We may not have enough money.3. In excess of:The golf courses in Japan cover in excess of 2,227.7 square kilometers of land.4. striking a balance:Striking a balance between these divergent views will be the key task of governments and travel industry executives during the first quarters of the 21st century.Unit 4: deadly; collide; incomprehensible; descend; mutually; signify; assail; appall; cast; mingle; misinterpretation; ineffably; disgust; take a glimpse; hitchhike1. Incomprehensible:Since these bodylingos are mutually incomprehensible, an innocent gesture may well be an unwitting insult.2. Catch a glimpse:He hurried to the railway station to catch a glimpse of his friend.3. Hitch hike:The young man tried to travel all over the country by hitch-hiking.3. misinterpretation:With 1500 orders of cups of tea open to misinterpretation every day, the wonder is the place functions at all. 4. signify:To the Japanese, the famous “OK” gesture signifies “money”.Unit 5: remarkable; plausible; underscore; hazard; evidence; sway; revolutionary; milestone; addiction; commence; run into；1. plausible: possible Your explanation sounds plausible. I believe it2. Sway: v. move or swing to and fro; incline in opinion or tendency; influenceThe speaker swayed rhythmically from side to side.Her ideas swayed toward conservatism.3. underscore:The newer understanding of the health hazards of passive smoking were underscored in another report at a world conference on lung health in Boston in 1990.4. be addicted to:Most would-be smokers also underestimate the risk of becoming addicted to nicotine.5. run into:The company ran into foreign exchange problems and couldnt get money to buy imported machines.Unit 6: legend; sue; credibility; congratulate on; conquest; go down; turn on; defamation; muzzle; verdict1. turn on: touch upon Your article turns on controversial issues; I need to get the general editors permission to get it published.2. go down (in sth): be recordedPlease remember that every word you say will go down in our file.3. sue: sue sb for sthThe company sued the ex-manager for the loss of the money.4. congratulate on:All his friends congratulated him on his promotion.5. muzzle:He tried to object to their decision, but they muzzled him.6. defamation:The case was tried as a conventional business-defamation case.Unit 7: exceptionally; geological; magnificent; reckon; endurance; fatigue; straddle; catch light; counter-measure; appliance; funnel1. exceptionally:This winter was exceptionally warm for Beijing.2. funnel:The water funneled through the gorge and out onto the plain.3. counter-measure:A few house-holders had carried out counter-measures.4. catch light:Many big houses caught light, and the TV cameras kept on recording the fire as it burned.Unit 8: deadline; it goes without saying; strain; rule of thumb; be concerned about; dividend; excessive; revolve; persistent; irritability; cultivate1. be concerned about:You need to be concerned about environmental issues.2. it goes without saying:It goes without saying that preparing for examination can place a terrible strain on students.3. deadline:Theres no way we could meet the deadline.4. rule of thumb: a practical method based on experience and practiceAs a rule of thumb I added one spoonful of salt and it tasted much better4. cultivate:How can you cultivate in your students the speech habits of the English language?5. revolve:Personal problems can revolve round such issues as accommodation, finance, personal relationships or illness.Grammar:静态动词倒装句省略句比较的表达法动词不定式与-ing形式目的或结果状语从句名词性从句综合英语4Paraphrase: （以下含考题内容）1. The power of learning to make people feel better and alleviate their symptoms emerges unequivocally in responses to a questionnaire designed by NIACE.The power of learning to make people feel better and lessen their symptoms appears very clearly in the answers to a questionnaire designed by NIACE.2. Nor should we forget harassed air traffic controllers, coping with greatly increased numbers of aircraft queuing to take off and land.Nor should we forget air traffic controllers, who have trouble coping with / dealing with greatly increased number of aircraft waiting to take off and land.3. Life there is nearly perfect, except for one thing: California has more than its fair share of natural disasters.Theres only one disadvantage to living in California: Natural disasters occur/happen more frequently than in many other places, which seems unfair to the state/ which the state does not seem to deserve.4. Europe remains the motor of this industry, although its old dominance is slipping in the face of Asian competition.Europe remains the driving force of this industry, although its traditional influence is declining slightly, faced with Asian competition.5. Add in other types of travel, such as business, to recreational travel, and you have an industry that is worth perhaps double that amount.If other types of travel, such as business travel are included, besides travel for pleasure, the travel industry will perhaps be worth twice as much.6. To a man watcher, theres nothing more fascinating than observing citizens of many different nationalities mingling and exchanging body signals.To a person whose specialty is watching other people, observing people of different nationalities mixing and exchanging body signals is the most interesting (thing).7. The vegetation, which is normally very dry, easily catches light. The trees and grass, which are usually dry at this time of the year, easily catch fire.8. the author implying that its prosperity owed more to luck than good judgment.the author implied that Australia gained its prosperity largely because of its good luck rather than through good judgment.9. Keeping the lid on this simmering rum-punch of international emotions must take every bit as much skill as running the United Nations.Controlling this mixture of international emotions that seems to be boiling must require as much skill as running the United Nations.10. The newer understanding of the health hazards of passive smoking were underscored in another report. Based on the new evidence, another report also stressed the harmful effects of passive smoking.11. The studies on passive smoking, as it is called, also strengthen the link between parental smoking and respiratory damage in children.The studies on passive smoking prove that there is a strong connection between parents smoking and respiratory damage in children.12. However, you can minimize, or even completely eliminate these problems by observing some simple rules of thumbs.But you can almost or even totally solve these problems by following some simple instructions that have proved effective by experience.13. Oprah Winfrey may go down in legend, not as the fastest gun, but as the fastest talker, in the West.Oprah Winfrey may be recorded in legend, not as the fastest gun, but as the fastest talker.14. But the forewoman of the jury, which consisted of eight women, four men, said the case turned on the issue of free speech.But the spokeswoman of the jury, which is made up of eight women and four men, said the case involved the issue of free speech.15Another juror denied that Oprahs celebrity status had swayed them in any way at all.Another juror declared that it was untrue to say that Oprahs identity as a celebrity had in any way influenced the verdict they had made.Translation:（以下含考题内容）1. 他没什么钱，但以幸福来衡量的话，他比大多数人都要富足。(in terms of)He doesnt have much money, but in terms of happiness, he is richer than most people.2. 这个国家面临着比以前稍微困难的时期，失业率相对较高，国外对其出口产品的需求也降低了。(relatively, drop) The country was facing a slightly more difficult period, with relatively high unemployment, and a drop in overseas demand for its export commodities.3. 这家公司的新经理所做的第一件事就是对管理方式做出重大改动。(to shake up)The first thing the new manager of the company did was to shake up the management 4. 旅游业也有严重的负面影响：它可以破坏当地经济，毁坏环境，并产生严重的社会和文化的副作用。（side-effects）The travel industry can have serious negative results: it can destroy local economies, ruin the environment, and can cause serious social and cultural side-effects.5. 警方根据所获情报，突然搜查了那家夜总会。(act on)Acting on information received, the police raided the night club.6. 今年我国各地对各类消费品的需求大大增加。（increase in demand）There is a big increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in our country this year.7. 烟草工业是当地外汇收入的第三大来源，得到了当地政府的支持。(rank)The cigarette industry ranks third as the foreign exchange earner in the local economy and is protected by the local government.8. 他不是个能干的司机，尤其不能应对交通拥挤时产生的突发状况，有几次他竟然没有意识到要给救护车让路。(cope with, make way for)He is not a competent driver and he especially can not cope with emergencies that arise in heavy traffic; he even failed to realize that he should make way for ambulances for several times.9. 没有证据表明儿时处在吸二手烟的环境与肺癌的发生有关，这与过去的研究结果也一致。（evidence, childhood exposure）There was no evidence of a link between childhood exposure to secondhand smoke and lung cancer, which was consistent with previous studies.10. 尽管儿子上学才不过两周时间，这位骄傲的母亲总是夸耀他的学习成绩好。(boast)Even though her son has just been in school for two weeks, the proud mother always boasts about his success at school.11. 牛肉大亨们认为他们起诉已经达到了目的，那就是告诉美国人牛肉是安全的。（accomplish, reassure）The cattlemen said the lawsuit had accomplished a great deal because they had reassured the American people that US beef was safe.12. 他并没有仔细阅读报纸，而是匆匆扫了一下报纸的大标题。(take a glimpse)Instead of reading the newspaper carefully, he just took a quick glimpse at the headlines. 13. 这位歌手一直力求在演唱生涯中有所突破。（strive for）The singer has been striving for a breakthrough in his singing career.14. 陪审团的女团长说，这个案子针对的是言论自由，“言论自由是我们的权利，但是也可能会过火。”(turn on)The forewoman of the jury said the case turned on the issue of free speech; she said, “Freedom of speech is our right but it can go too far.”15. 这种新型戒烟药还处在测试阶段，并没有在市场上出现。(in trials) The new anti-smoking pill is currently in trials and not yet available on market.II. 强化阅读4：ER4 Vocabulary：请参考每课后面的word inference练习，考试中有该题型。即给出某句子，对下划线单词的意思进行同义替换。要求：明白短语或者词组的英文释义，以便考试时能准确选出其正确答案。还有一种题型是传统的blank filling，即给出单词或者词组的原形，要求根据给出句子的语境填写适当的单词或词组，并做出相应的形态上的变化（如：时态、单复数、分词等）。要求：掌握单词或词组的用法，熟知其变化形态。Unit 1: boast; clog up; bar from; exhaustive; update; laboriously; in short supply; elaborate; get to grips with； 1. boast:Ireland boasts beautiful beaches, great restaurants and friendly locals.2. clog up:This means much of the rubbish that can clog up search engines can be filtered out.3. laboriously:You have to laboriously photocopy or transcribe the required pages and type the required notes into an essay.4. get to grips with:If you want to be ahead at university, you need to get to grips with the web.5. bar from:The tutors case appeared unanswerable when they barred an engineering student from building a novel car as part of his degree.Unit 2: abstain; property; proclaim; provided; indigenous; cultivate; assent; harness; gain ground; confiscation1. gain ground:Bob had been gaining ground daily, so maybe hell be able to get out of the hospital very soon.2. proclaim:In 1786, New South Wales was proclaimed a Crown colony, and Arthur Phillips was appointed the first governor.3. assent: give ones assent toThe King gave his assent to Bill although it restricted his freedom.4. confiscation:Confiscation of their land was justified on the basis that the Aborigines didnt use it efficiently.Unit 3: enlist; skim off; dissolve; tactics; track down; economize; distribute; on condition that; layout; verify; envisage 1. track down:The difficulty had been in tracking down cases.2. on condition that:He agreed to tell the truth on condition that his name be concealed.3. tactics:Despite his tough tactics, Somboon does not always earn a profit.4. envisage:As the research continued, it became apparent that the DVT problem was greater than anyone envisaged.Unit 4: triumphant; miraculous; expenditure; instill; congestion; impose; logistical; tumble1. congestion:The air traffic growth is a mixed blessing because it can cause congestion and a need to expand capacity.2. expenditure:Airport capital expenditure for 2010 are estimated to be 300$ million.3. tumble:From under his cap, his hair tumbled down in a fiery cascade and his eyes sparkled with scorn.4. impose:Noise problems at Narita Airport mean that curfews are imposed. Unit 5: consumption; undertake; massive; outweigh; symmetrically; prevalent; withdrawal; apply to; deter; empirical; implementation; underscore1. deter from:The price rise would also deter others from taking up smoking in the first place.2. apply to:These figures apply to low and middle income countries.3. massive：The governments concern is that higher taxes will lead to massive increases in smuggling, thus keep cigarette consumption at a higher level.4. empirical:In fact, the empirical evidence shows that raised tobacco taxes bring greater tobacco tax revenues.5. symmetrically:Countries can succeed in curbing tobacco consumption by applying those measures symmetrically to imported and domestically produced cigarettes.6. implementation:However, there is evidence that the implementation of one intervention supports the success of others, underscoring the importance of implementing tobacco controls as a package.Unit 6: accord; recount; obsess; circulate; exceedingly; litigious; integrity; competent; justify; liability; keep ones guard up1. accord:Certainly in our society, teachers dont enjoy the respect that is accorded to doctors and lawyers.2keep ones guard up:They felt as though they were behind enemy lines and everyone in the house slept light and kept their guard up.3. justify:I think he was quite justified in refusing to help her.4. exceedinglyEvery year, over 90 million lawsuits are filed in this exceedingly litigious society.5. hostile:Hostile bumper stickers were commonplace, and were even being distributed among local schools.Unit 7: accelerate; infrastructure; patchwork; bluntly; margin; imminent; rectify; rule out; confidential; forecast; undesirable1. infrastructure:The government has invested heavily in the infrastructure, such as bridges and roads.2. confidential:He leaked some confidential information about the company to the public.3. rectify:The destruction of a tyre had catastrophic consequences, preventing the crew from rectifying the situations. 4. hypothesis:The investigators confirm the hypothesis that a burst tyre set off the fatal chain of events.Unit 8: harsh; manipulative; distortion; imitate; multiply; implicit; resemble1. manipulative:Some people believe that the trend of mixing your life with work is manipulative yet harmful.2. resemble:Companies need to stop providing the service of resembling a working place with a home.3. multiply:If the boss is a dragon, it is certain that stress levels will rise, and problems will multiply.文章阅读：阅读考试中有部分课外内容，其难度同课文难度相当；建议同学们为提高阅读的熟练度，可以在掌握下列内容的基础上，将其他未列出的非重点课文也浏览一到两遍，以提高阅读语感。分级阅读 1 - 两篇短文 （均选自课外）passage 1的题型是正误判断，passage 2的题型是大意填空。大家可参