八上英语语法总结加习题.docx

人生若没有一段想起来就热泪盈眶的奋斗史，那这一生就白活了。共勉英语复习提纲要点第一部分 英语四种时态归纳复习时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容，大家在实际运用时，往往对时态总是倍感棘手，下面我们就归纳复习一下这几种时态。 一、一般现在时： 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc. 基本结构：be动词；行为动词 （如果主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）否定形式：am/is/are+not; 此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont, 如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 基本用法1） 表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征和真理。句中常用 often, usually, every day 等时间状语。例如： a. He goes to school every day. b. He is very happy. c.The earth moves around the sun.2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。例如：a. If you come this afternoon, well have a meeting.b. When I graduate, Ill go to countryside.3) 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作（句中都带有时间状语），但限于少数动词，如：begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。例如：a. The meeting begins at seven. b. The rain starts at nine in the morning. 二、一般过去时： 概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week/year,/night,/month, in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本结构：be动词的过去式；行为动词的过去式 否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 三、现在进行时： 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc. （look! Listen!）基本结构：am/is/are+doing 否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。 基本用法： a. 表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。例如： We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。 b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如： Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。） c. 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如： The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。 Its getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。 d. 与always, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如： You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。 不用进行时的动词 1）表示心理状态的动词，如know, realize, think，see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。 例如：I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。 He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。 2） 瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。 例如：I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。 3） 系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。 例如： You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。 四、一般将来时： 概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 时间状语：tomorrow, next day/week/month/year, soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc. 基本结构：am/is/are going to + V原；will/shall + V原. 否定形式：am/is/are not going to +V原; will/shall + not+V原 一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。基本用法1） shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。 例如：Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？ Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？ 2）be going to +V原，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？ b. 计划，安排要发生的事。 例如：The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。 英语时态综合练习（一）一般现在时一. 用词的适当形式填空。1. Miss Guo _ (teach) us Chinese this term. She _ (be) a very good teacher. She often _ (talk) with us after class. Many of us like _ (talk) with her. 2. Where _ their father_ (work)? He _ (work) on a farm.3. What time _ the shop _ (close)? It _ (close) at nine oclock in the evening. 4. He _ (go) to school by bus every day.5. Tom can not walk fast because he _ (carry) a heavy box.6. She often _ (read) English in the evening.7. She _ (go) to school at eight oclock.8. He usually _ up at 17:00. (get)9. She _ (live) in Beijing.二、句型转换：1. I like the red sofa. (变否定句)2. She has a nice cap. (变一般疑问句，并做肯定及否定回答)3. I am a bus driver. (变一般疑问句并做肯定回答)4. They play football in the garden everyday. (变成否定句)5. There is an egg in the basket.(变成复数形式的句子)（2） 一般过去时一将下列动词变成过去式。look_ watch_ like_ hope_ decide_ plan_ stop_ carry_ study_ play_ stay_ let_ put_ read_ catch _ teach_ buy_ bring_ think _ sit_ write_ drive_ ring_ sink_ run_ give_ win _ know _ grow_ throw_ draw _ show_ feel_ sleep_ keep_ sweep_ meet_二、 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1. I_ (buy) a new dictionary the day before yesterday.2. What day_ (be) it yesterday? It_ (be) Friday.3. He_ (be) here half an hour ago.4. We often_ (play) games last term.5. She_ (give) me a book a moment ago.6. The girl_ (get) up very early this morning.7. They_ (take) photos near the river an hour ago.8. He _(not watch) TV yesterday evening.9. Why_ (be) the boy late for school? Because he _(be) ill.10. Mr. Green _ (come) to visit me last night.11. The teacher_ (agree) to our idea yesterday.12. They_ (make) him work twelve hours a day last year. 13. I_ (see) him in the library two days ago.14. She_ (write) her address on the blackboard ten minutes ago.3、 按要求改写下列各句。1. I was at home this morning. (改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答)2. He did morning exercises in the morning. (改为否定句)3. They had a big dinner yesterday. (改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答) 4. I went to see my uncle last Sunday. (改为否定句)四、选择填空。1. What did your father do when he was in England? He _in a car factory. A. work B. worked C. is working D. will work2. _ he _at this school last term? Yes, I think so. A. Did; studyB. Does; study C. Was; studyD. Did; studied3. Who cleaned the blackboard yesterday, Dick? John_. .A. cleaned B. does C. did D. is4. There _a lot of people at the street corner when the accident (事故) happened (发生).A. wasB. were C. have beenD. had5. He turned off the lights and then_ . A. leavesB. left C. will leaveD. is leaving6. Hi, Kate. You look tired. Whats the matter? I _well last night. A. didnt sleepB. dont sleepC. havent sleptD. wont sleep7. Jenny went into the room, took off his coat and _down on a sofa. A. would sitB. was sitting C. satD. had sat 8. Everyone_ there when the meeting began.A. wasB. is C. areD. Were9. - Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it. - Its 69568442. A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant （三）现在进行时 一、用现在进行时完成下列句子:1. What_you_ (do)?2. I_ (sing) an English song.3. What_he_ (mend)?4. He_(mend) a car.5._you_(fly) a kite? Yes, _.6._she_(sit) in the boat?7._you_ (ask) questions?8. We_ (play) games now.二、单项选择（ ）1.我在照看孩子. (A)I am looking after the baby. (B)Im look aftering the baby. (C)I look am aftering the baby. (D)I looking after the baby.( ) 2._friends making_a kite. (A)I, me (B) My, my (C)My,me (D)His,his( )3.Is the woman _ yellow your teacher? (A)in (B)putting on (C)wearing (D)having( )4.Look!The twins_their mother do the housework. (A)are wanting (B)help (C)are helping (D)are looking( )5._are the birds doing? They are singing in a tree. (A)Who (B)What (C)How (D)Where( )6.Is she_something? (A)eat (B)eating (C)eatting (D)eats( )7.你在干什么? (A)What is you doing? (B)What are you do? (C)What are you doing? (D)What do you do?( )8.What are you listening_? (A)/ (B)for (C)at (D)to( )9.我正在听他说话. (A)I listening to him. (B)Im listening to him. (C)Im listen to him. (D)Im listening him.( )10.They are_their clothes. (A)making (B)putting (C)put away (D)putting on( )11.Listen! She_in the classroom. (A)is singing (B)sing (C)to sing (D)is sing( )12.Today Jim_ his white shirt and brown trousers. (A)is putting on (B)wear (C)put on (D)is wearing( )13._are you eating?Im eating_meat. (A)What,some (B)Which,any (C)Where,not (D)What,a( )14.They_TV in the evening.They do their homework.(A)are watching (B)cant watching (C)dont watch (D)dont watching ( )15.The children_football. (A)is playing (B)are playing (C)play the (D)play a( )16.They are flying kites. (A)他们喜欢放风筝. (B)他们在放风筝吗? (C)他们在放风筝. (D)他们常放风筝. ( )17.Look,They are swimming in the river.I want_you. (A)to go with (B)go with (C)helping (D)help ( )18.Look.Lucy is_a new bike today. (A)jumping (B)running (C)riding (D)taking（四）一般将来时( )1. Her hope _ the 2008 Olympic Games.A. to take part in B. is to take part in C. taking part in D. will take part in( )2. - Can I go to Beijing for my holiday, Dad? - You can when you _ a bit older.A. will get B. get C. are getting D. got( )3. If he _harder, he will catch up with us soon.A. study B. studies C. will study D. studied( )4. - Dont forget to ask him to write to me.- I wont. As soon as he _, Ill ask him to write to you.A. will come B. came C. comes D. is coming( )5. - Jimmy is leaving for a holiday.- Really? Where _ he _?A. has; gone B. will; go C. did; go D. would; go( )6. Frank _ to see his grandma if he _ free tomorrow.A. will come; will be B. comes; isC. will come; is D. comes; will be( )7. There _ a talk on science in our school next Monday.A. will give B. will be C. is going to give D. is( )8. - Shall we go shopping now?- Sorry, I cant. I _ my shirts.A. wash B. washes C. washed D. am washing( )9. I believe that those mountains _ with trees in a few years time.A. are covered B. will be covered C. are covering D. will cover( )10. It is said that about 400 cars _ in the factory next month. A. were produced B. will produce C. are produced D. will be produced( )11. - Are you free this afternoon? - No. Ill have an English composition _ this afternoon. A. to write B. wrote C. to be writing D. to be written( )12. - Come back home every month. - I _. A. will B. must C. should D. can( )13. A robot _ think of itself; it _ be told what to do.A. cant; must B. couldnt; can C. may not; will D. mustnt, may第二部分 形容词副词的比较级 （形容词比较级的基本用法参看课本P114 Grammar）一.比较级和最高级的构成：1.规则变化： 一般在词尾加-er -est例如：calm-calmer-calmest tall-taller-tallest smart-smarter-smartest以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加-r -st例如： nice-nicer-nicest fine-finer-finest large-larger-largest以辅音+y结尾的词，变y为i, 再加-er/-est例如：early-earlier-earliest happy-happier-happiest busy-busier-busiest以重读闭音节单个辅音字母结尾的词，双写辅音字母，再加-er/-est例如：big-bigger-biggest thin-thinner-thinnest hot-hotter-hottest fat-fatter-fattest多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加 more/most例如：popular-more popular-most popular important-more important-most important2.不规则变化：（重点记忆） 好 good / well better best坏 bad / badly /ill worse worst多 many / much more most少 little less least老 old older / elder oldest / eldest远 far farther /further farthest / furthest注意friendly的比较级和最高级有两个：friendlyfriendlier/more friendly friendliest / most friendly二.比较级的用法：当两个人或事物（A和B）进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词（副词）的原级或者比较级。1.原级比较：表达A和B(的情况)一样(1) the same as （P20：1b & P21：2b） 公式: A+ be动词+as+形容词原级+as+B I am the same tall as you. / His dream is the same as mine. A+实义动词+as+副词原级+as+B He runs the same fast as I. /This is the same tool as I used yesterday.(2) asas (= the same as) （P18：2b & P19：G.F./3a） 公式: A+ be动词的否定形式+as+形容词原级+as+B I am as tall as you. A+动词+as+副词原级+as+B He runs as fast as I.注意：“A不如B”用not as/soas的结构。公式: A+ be动词的否定形式+as/so+形容词原级+as+B I am not as/so tall as you. A+助动词的否定形式+动词原形+as+副词+as+B He doesnt run as fast as I. 造句：Jim唱的和Tom一样好。_(the sameas) Jim唱的和Tom一样好。_ (asas ) Jim唱的不如Tom好。 _ (3)运用原级时要注意的问题：as long as 和.一样长；长达之久；只要；既然找出as long as对应的意思，标出序号：It took him as long as 6 hours to do his homework._My rope is as long as yours. _As long as you are going, Ill go too. _As long as you tell truth, Ill try to help you. _另外：请说明课本P21：2b部分第一篇文章最后一句中as long as的意思：_2.比较级：表达A比B(1) 表示“A比B更”: adj.比较级+thane.g. I am taller than you. （单音节）e.g. You are more beautiful than Tina. （多音节）(2) 表示“两个当中较的一个” : the+adj.比较级of范围（thetwo/the twins） 注意of后面的范围!e.g. Tom is thetallerofthetwo. （单音节）e.g. Tina is themore beautifulofthetwins. （多音节）(3) 表示“越来越”: adj.比较级+and+ adj.比较级。e.g. Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer. （单音节） e.g. Ourcountryisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.（多音节）(4) 表示“越，就越” : The+ adj.比较级, the+adj.比较级 e.g. The bigger, the better. 越大越好。 （单音节）Themore, thebetter. 越多越好/多多益善。 e.g. Themorecarefulyouare, thefewermistakesyouwillmake.你越细心，犯错就越少。（多音节）3.运用形容词、副词比较级应当注意的问题：(1) 比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度”的词或短语，意思是“更”，“得”。常见词有much,alittle,even,alot,agreatdeal等。（P21：2b ）e.g. HeismuchtallerthanI.他比我要高得多。 Ijumpalittlehigherthanhe.我跳得比他高一点点。 He gets even worse than yesterday.他（的病情）比昨天更糟。(2) 特殊用法：比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”，“小多少”，“长多少”，“短多少”等。e.g. I am two years older than he.我比他大两岁。 This building is 20 meters higher than that one.(3) 按语法规则，than后面的人称代词应当用主格，但口语当中有时会用宾格代替主格。e.g. HeismorecarefulthanI(me).(4) 要注意比较对象的一致性：只有同类的事物才能进行比较。判断：A:Herbagisbiggerthanmine.( )HerbagisbiggerthanI. ( ) B: TheweatherinJilinismuchcolderthanthatinHainan. ( ) TheweatherinJilinismuchcolderthanHainan. ( )(5) 要注意比较的范围判断：A:Jack is taller than any students in his class. ( ) Jack is taller than any other students in his class. ( ) B: Jack is in Class 1.Jack is taller than any students in Class 2. ( ) Jack is taller than any other students in Class 2. ( ) 填空 China is larger than_ country in Asia. China is larger than_ country in Europe.针对性训练1. Thatboylooksas_asaboxer. A.strong B.stronger C.strongest D.morestrong2. TheSummerPalaceis_thanZhongShanpark. A.biger B.morebigC.thebiggestD.bigger3. Whichdoyoulike_,applesororanges? A.good B.better C.best D.well4. -Oh,thefoodisbad. -Ithinkso.Andtheservice(服务)is_. A. theworstB.worseC.badderD.theworse5. -YouhavethesamecoatasI. -No,Mineis_,butnotso_asyours. A.better,expensive B.better,moreexpensive C.muchbetter,moreexpensive D.good,moreexpensive6. TheexpertsthinkthatIndiaspopulationmaybe _thanChinas_2020. A.much,by B.more,in C.larger,by D.larger,on7. Thisyearourschoolis_thanitwaslastyear. A.muchbeautiful B.themostbeautiful C.beautifulerD.muchmorebeautiful8. _youwork,_knowledgeyouwillget. A.Theharder,more B.Theharder,themore C.Harder,themore D.Harder,more9. Hehas_friendsthanI. A.muchmore B.manymore C.verymore D.toomore10. Shedrawsbetterthan_. （P21：2b ） A.usall B.weall C.allus D.allwe11. Shanghaiislargerthan_cityinChina.A.any B.anyother C.theothers D.anyelse12. ImnotsurewhetherMarycansing_Anna. A.aswellas B.asgoodas C.asbetteras形容词副词的最高级（形容词、副词最高级的基本用法参看课本P114 -115Grammar）一.最高级的构成规则（略）：【参见之前比较级的构成规则】二.最高级的用法：当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词（副词）的最高级最高级的常用句型：1. the+形容词（副词）的最高级：表达“是中最的”。后可加表范围的介词短语或从句。公式：主语+be动词+the+形容词最高级+（名词）+表示范围的介词短语或从句主语+实义动词+（the）+副词最高级+表示范围的介词短语或从句E.g. Heisthetallest(student)inourclass. Hejumpsthehighestofthethreeboys. ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.2. oneof+the+最高级+复数名词：表示“最的中一个”。 E.g. Heisoneofthebeststudentsinourclass. 他是我们班最好的学生之一。 Thisisoneofthemostbeautifulflowersinthegarden. 这是花园里最漂亮的花之。3. the +序数词+形容词最高级+单数名词：表示“第几大/ 高/长”。E.g. Huanghe is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。4.（特殊疑问词+be ）+ the +最高级，A，B or C? 用于三选一的选择疑问句。E.g. Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth? 太阳、月球和地球哪个最大？三.最高级的注意事项1. 形容词的最高级前面有定冠词the,而副词的最高级前面定冠词the可以省略。但在形容词最高级前有物主代词时，不能要定冠词the.2. 常见的用来表示范围的介词有in,of,among1）in表示环境范围，通常用于在一定范围内的比较，后常接表示区域、时间、单位、团体等 的名词或代词，并且后面的名词和主语不是同一概念的范畴。E.g. TheChangjiangRiveristhelongestriverinChina. Londonisth