英语人教版八年级下册现在完成时态.doc

现在完成时态1、 构成：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词（Vp.p）2、 用法：影响、结果、持续和经历。3、 时间状语：1） 常见副词：never, ever, just, before, already, yet.2） 词组：so far, ever since, up to now, in / during the last / past year / month表示次数的词组或名词：once, twice, three / sever / times.3） 介词短语：for + 时间段， since + 时间点， since + 时间段落+ ago4） 句型：A It is / has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时的从句B 时间段 + has passed + since + 一般过去时的从句4、 区别：have/has been to 和have/has gone tohave/has been to 表示“曾经到过某地，人已经回来“have/has gone to 表示“去了某地，人还没有回来“5、 瞬间性动词与延续性动词：瞬间性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，需要改为延续性动词或者状态性动词；但可以用于否定句。部分瞬间动词的变化改写如下：1）buy / give - have 2) borrow / lend - keep3) get to know -know4) catch a cold - have a cold5) come / get back / return - be back6) fall asleep / ill - be asleep / ill7) leave - be away (from)8) die - be dead9) begin - be on10) close - be closed11) open - be open12) get up - be up13) finish / end - be over14) make / become good friends - be good friends15) join the army - be in the army / be a soldier16) join the League / Party - be in the League / Party - be a League / Party member17) come / go / arrive / reach / get / move - be (in / at)6、现在完成时的被动语态的构成：have/has been + Vp.p7、 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：现在完成时强调的是现在的情况，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。8、 自我检测：一、 用 been to , been in 或 gone to 填空； 1、-Where is your mother? -She has _ the shop. 2、The Greens have _ Qingdao for years now. 3、John has _ England in his car. He is still staying there. 4、Have you ever _ America? -Yes, Ive _ New York twice. 5、We have _ this class since September.二、 用所给词的适当形式填空： 1、I _ (be) like this ever since last night. 2、I lost my pen and I _ (not find) it yet. 3、Two months _ (pass) since he _ (leave) here. 4、Its the third time that I _ (see) him this year. 5、The meat _ (cut) into pieces already.三、 改错： 1、So far, no man read this book. 2、How long have you come here? 3、The parents meeting has begun for ten minutes. 4、It was ten years since I bought this coat. 5、We have known each other since two years. 6、He said they had never seen the film ago. 7、I have been to Beijing. So have my sister. 8、He has worked there since the factory has opened. 9、We have known his by five years. 10、I had a bad cold for a week.四、 选择填空：( )1、My father _ to Wuhan. He _ there two months ago. A. has gone, went B. has been, has gone C. went, has been D. has been, went( )2、Shes picked few apples, _? A. has she B. hasnt she C. is she D. isnt she( )3、How long have you _ the book? -Since I _ it last week. A. bought, bought B. had, bought C. had, had D. had, got( )4、Tom and Mike _ good friends ever since they were at school. A. were B. become C. have been D. have become( )5、He _ his home for ten years. A. has left B. left from C. has been away from D. has left from( )6、Neither you nor she _ abroad. A. has been to B. has been C. has gone to D. has gone( )7、How long have you _ the book? A. borrowed B. bought C. kept D. returned( )8、Grandpa _ cold since last Sunday. A. has caught B. has had a C. had a D. has been had a ( )9、This factory has _ for nearly 50 years. A. open B. opened C. been open D. been to open( )10、Great changes _ during the last 15 years. A. took place B. have take place C. take place D. have been taken place( )11、Her leg _ on twice so far. A. has operated B. operated C. has been operated D. has been operate( )12、My brother _ for ten years.A. has joined the Army B. has joined the Party C. has been a League member D. has joined the Greener China( )13、-Have you finished your work _ , Kate? -No, not _. But Jim has _ finished his.A. yet, yet, already B. yet, already, already C. already, yet, yet D. already, already, yet( )14、His father has bought a green car _.A. since last month B. just now C. already D. for four weeks宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。它有三大要素，即：引导词， 语序和时态。1） 引导词;1、 引导陈述句时用that （但在口语中可以省略）。例：Im sure that well win.2、 引导一般疑问句用if / whether 。例：I dont know if / whether it will rain tomorrow.但要注意下列情况只能用 whether, 而不能用 if.a. 用在句首时 例：Whether he will leave for Beijing is still a problem.b. 接不定式时 例：She cant decide whether to give him a call.c. 在 whether or not 的固定搭配中。 例：I want to know whether you can mend my bike or not.d. 作介词宾语时 例：Were talking about whether Mr. Smith is an Englishman.3、 引导特殊疑问句时，特殊疑问词就是引导词。例：I dont know what his name is.2） 语序;宾语从句要用陈述句的语序， 即：引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其它。当引导词在句中作主语时，则引导词后就直接接谓语。例：I dont know who went there.3） 时态;a. 当宾语从句中主句谓语动词为一般现在时态时，从句可用任何一种时态。b. 当宾语从句中主句谓语动词为一般过去时态时，从句只能用过去的某一时态。c. 从句中叙述的是客观真理，自然规律等时，无论主句的谓语动词为什么时态，从句的时态只能用一般现在时态。例：The teacher told us the sun rises in the east. 注意：当主句的谓语动词为 think, believe 等时，从句若是否定，则要否定前移。 例： I think he cant come. () I dont think he can come. () 另外宾语从句句末的标点符号由主句决定。 4) 自我检测： 一、把下列句子连在一起： 1、He wants to speak to the headmaster. He says. 2、Jim is away on a trip. He told them. 3、Where will she go this afternoon? I wanted to know. 4、Who is taking care of the baby? She asked. 5、Why doesnt he go swimming? I didnt know. 6、Is the answer right? I wondered. 7、Will the meeting last long? Please tell me. 8、Has he been away for two days? Mary asked. 9、Chickens cant swim. I think. 10、The earth goes round the sun. The teacher told us. 二、选词填空： that, who, what, whom, whose, which, how, where, when, why, if, whether1、Were talking about _ Mr. Smith is an Englishman. 2、The teacher knows _ the boy was late again. 3、I asked him _ he was writing to. 4、Do you know _ the Smiths will leave Haikou?. 5、They wanted to know _ she lived. 6、The teacher asked _ could answer the question. 7、Please tell me _ sweater this is. 8、Can you tell me _ is the way to the museum? 9、Can you show us _ we can search the Internet? 10、I didnt understand _ he said.11、She says _ she will leave a message on his desk.12、We wonder _ they will come tomorrow. 三、选择填空： ( )1、-Do you remember _ he came? -Yes, I do. He came by car. A. that B. if C. how D. when( )2、Can you tell me _?A. where have you gone B. where you have gone C. where have you been D. where you have been( )3、She asked me _ to take part in the game. A. what B. that C. whether D. if( )4、She asked Jim _ he _ his purse.A. where, find B. what, had foundC. if, found D. whether, had found( )5、I wondered _.A. where he lives B. where he lived C. where does he live D. where did he live( )6、-Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow . -Yes, but if it _, well visit the museum instead.A. you have, will rain B. you will have, will rain C. you will have,