初中英语单词归类.doc

初中英语单词归类清华大学英语系测试：为中学英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果1与in搭配的有： in the morning afternoon evening，in spring summer autumn winter，in a year week minute，in two weeks，in the classroom，in the same class，in the middle（of），in front（of），in the corner（of），in the sun，in the tree，in the open air，in（the）hospital，in line，in bed，in another way，in English， in danger，in the end，in surprise， in trouble，in fact 2与at搭配的有： at eight oclock，at night， at breakfast，at the same time，at noon，at this time of year，at a bad time of year，at the moment，at once，at times，at first，at last，at the beginning of，at the end of，at the head of，at the foot of，at home school work，at the gate，at all 3与on搭配的有： on Saturday weekdays，on the morning of，on New Years Day，on time， on the tree wall，on duty，on foot，on ones way（to），on the earth 4与from搭配的有： from now on，from today to tomorrow，come be from Australia，（far）from Shanghai 5与for搭配的有： for two days，for sb，for the holiday， for supper，for long，for a moment，for example 6与with搭配的有：初中英语单词归类 交通工具类： bus, car, boat, ship, taxi, plane, train, streamer, jeep, motorcar, bicycle, run car, airplane, 国家类：China, America, Egypt, Brazil, South Korea, North Korea, Poland, New Zealand, Japan, France, England, Canada, Australia, Argentina, Holland, Vietnam, India, Italy, Greece, Mexico, Russia, Sweden, Norway, Spain, German, Switzerland, Thailand, Greece, South Africa, 身体部位：head, foot, leg, tooth, hand, ear, eye, nose, mouth, face, arm, back, neck, stomach, throat, heart, knee, finger, toe, body, hair, beard, elbow, 服饰类：scarf, belt, sneakers, wallet, earring, hat, jeans, watch, straw hat, ring, skate shoes, backpack, tie, bag, pants, socks, dress, coat, shirt, T-shirt, skirt, shorts, sweater, shoes, uniform, jacket, earring, hair clip, 场所类：club, restaurant, store, supermarket, museum, school, library, hotel, auditorium, pool, post office, bank, park, zoo, market, garden, hospital, TV Station, Police station, beach, cinema, church, factory, farm, shop, theater, aquarium, college, dining room, barber shop, gymnasium, gallery, drugstore, laboratory, mall, plaza, store, video arcade, 颜色类: red, black, green, white, yellow, orange, brown, grey, pink, blond, blue, purple, 学习用品类：pen, pencil, ruler, eraser, paper, pencil-box, ink, notebook, dictionary, sharpener, schoolbag, backpack, textbook, flashcard, 动物类：sheep, horse, monkey, dolphin, panda, tiger, fox, snake, rabbit, lion, shark, goat, dog, cock, hen, chicken, duck, elephant, camel, bird, wolf, polar bear, giraffe, koala, penguin, camel, seal, rabbit, octopus, kangaroo, parrot, turtle, ant, mouse, spider, hamster, manatee, goldfish, chimpanzee, cheetah, 时 间 ： January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December， spring, summer, autumn, winter Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday Morning, afternoon, noon, evening, night, second, minute, hour, day, week, month, year, Century 职 业：doctor, nurse, vet, policeman, policewoman, engineer, worker, farmer, reporter, teacher, inventor, scientist, driver, headmaster, player, singer, dancer, actor, actress, guide, waiter, waitress, assistant, boss, businessman, psychologist, author, writer, photographer, musician, guide, violinist, pianist, coach, clerk, sales assistant, cook, dentist, director, optometrist, translator, vegetarian, sportspeople, head teacher, master, pilot, chef, fisherman, lawyer, sailor, tutor, collector, 球 类： basketball, volleyball, football, soccer, ping-pong, tennis, baseball, badminton, ice hockey, golf, 蔬菜类：carrot, tomato, cabbage, onion, potato, green pepper, mushroom, broccoli, pumpkin, lettuce, 水果类：apple, orange, banana, pear, peach, pumpkin, melon, grape, lemon, watermelon, strawberry, lychee, papaya, mango, olive, plum, peach, loquat, apricot, cherry, 食物类：beef, noodle, dumpling, rice, chip, bread, sandwich, wheat, egg, Salad, hamburger, French fries, , porridge, cheese, hot dog, biscuit, green pepper, pancake, chip, fish, chicken, meat, tofu, pizza, candy, gum, barbecued meat, popcorn, brown bread, chocolate, shrimp, dessert, 乐 器: guitar, piano, drum, trumpet, violin, accordion, erhu, 电 器: telephone, phone, computer, television, radio, fridge, refrigerator oven, microwave oven, blender, air conditioner, typewriter, recorder, lamp, 天 气: fine, rainy, cloudy, windy, stormy, foggy, sunny, snowy, cold, cool, hot, warm, humid, 学 科：Chinese, math, English, P.E, music, history, Physics, biology, geography, chemistry, politics, computer, science, art, algebra, 家族谱：grandfather, grandmother, father, mother, uncle, aunt, sister, brother, son, daughter, cousin, husband, wife, parent, 厨具：bowl, plate, table, dish, spoon, chopsticks, cupboard, fork, knife, 人物性格：funny, smart, cute, intelligent, friendly, shy, lazy, serious, unfriendly, quiet, easygoing, outgoing, generous, moody, lovely, lively, talented, upset, nervous, loving, unusual, creative, hard-working, warm-hearted, gentle, polite, confident, energetic, realistic, anxious, brave, 饮料: soda, coffee, milk, water, pop, beer, lemonade, juice, orange, iced tea, beverage, cola, 音乐：jazz, dance music, country music, classical music, national music, pop music清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果初中英语课堂教学改革的三点想法 2008-12-09 08:20:42作者：rssy 于翠花来源：乳山市教育网浏览次数：312文字大小：【大】【中】【小】关键字：初中英语课堂教学改革的三点想法 初中英语课堂教学改革的三点想法随着我国改革开放的不断深入，人们越来越清楚地感受到素质教育重视能力培养的深远意义，也让我们感受到了英语课堂教学改革的势在必行。纵观我国英语课堂教学，从“满堂灌”式的知识传授，到应试教育的“双基训练”，到素质教育的全方位综合能力的培养，实际上是沿着一条从无到有、从简单到复杂的道路发展的。本文就自己在教学中的实践，谈谈自己的想法。 一、教学观念上的转变 二十一世纪是科学技术进一步发展的时代，是一个以科学技术为基础的综合国力竞争的时代，综合国力的竞争实际上就是人才的竞争。因此社会对英语教学的要求比历史上任何时期都要高，突出表现在教师应通过教学培养学生的综合能力。通过英语教学培养学生的创造意识能力，使学生获得会学习的基本能力、参与社会生活的积极态度和与人合作的能力，以及通过英语获取世界各种信息进行交际的能力，上述能力我们称之为综合能力。这种能力的培养是在教师的指导下，以学生为中心的课堂教学中进行的。通过双边共同活动，创造和谐、愉快的情境实现教与学的共振，使学生从“让我学”走向“我要学”的活动。营造一种生动活泼的教学气氛，传统的教学观把掌握知识作为教学目的，把教学过程看作是知识的积累过程，这种旧的教学模式不适于培养具有综合能力的人才。培养能力的教学应提倡以学生为中心的教学方法。在英语教学实践中，注重充分调动全班学生学习的积极性和主动性，激发学生学习英语的兴趣和求知感。要想全班在45分钟内都能要参与语言实践机会是不可能的，我们应作出如下安排：每节课前五分钟有一两个学生做Duty，有三至五人Retell导入新课。新课进行中全班进行Pair work和Group work，达到训练技能、开发智力的目的。课后小结几分钟仍可让全班学生参与学习讨论，由一两个学生做代表发言。学生通过学习探索知识的规律，认识其本质特征，培养思维能力，掌握学习方法。生动活泼的教学气氛是达到这一目的的必要条件。把语言作为交际工具 ，语言教学的重要目的就是使学生掌握通过语言进行交际，只有这样才能发挥语言功能。我们主张听、说、读、写四项技能的相辅相成；交际教学并不否定语法教学，而是要在教学中重视巩固扩大这些基础知识并学会运用，才能体现出交际的功能。听、说、读、写四种技能是吸取信息、学习语言的重要手段，运用英语进行口头交际是学习的目的。 二、教学内容上的充实 我们在平时的听、说、读、写训练中，以教学目标为核心，以单元教学设计为依据，尽可能增加学生的语言实践活动量，这就象训练运动员一样，必须 “加大运动量”。英语的综合训练也要增加训练量，不断复习，多次循环，逐步扩展、加深。是重点时，让学生不断地重复，反复训练使学生掌握一定量句型，做到脱口而出。在说的时候，让学生大胆开口，不要怕出错，更不要先在脑子中做英汉对译后再勉强出口，否则这种心理上的“母语观念”会阻碍学生综合能力的发展。在“说”的训练中教师要注意观察，推测学生的心理，把握契机，及时加以矫正、补救，帮助学生减少心理压力，让每一个学生达标。这种训练还可以在课外活动中进行。我们在开展Free talk活动，创设一种轻松、愉快、平静、和谐的语言环境，有利于训练学生思维的灵活性和敏捷性。在这情境中向学生介绍英语国家文化背景知识，丰富他们的知识，激发他们的兴趣，同时也让学生感受到担负着向世界宣传自己祖国的任务。这些活动能使学生多角度、多方位地观察世界，学会正确运用所学语言材料。如学生们很熟悉的一个句子：Thats all right.在回答Thank you表示感谢的话时可以讲，而在回答Im sorry.表示道歉话时也可以讲。回答感谢的话还可以用Not at all, Its a pleasure. You are welcome. With pleasure.回答道歉的话还可以用It doesnt matter. Never mind.等。这种在实际生活中的对话活动，有利于培养学生正确运用所学语言材料的能力，有利于锻炼学生处理人际关系的本领，有利于形成与人和谐相处的健康心理，有利于培养开朗性格，善解人意的美德。 三、教学方法上的创新 教学方法，既要根据教材内容而定，也要根据培养学生能力的教学目标而定。实践证明：只要教学方法有利学生的发展和人类认识观，我们都可以用。我们传统的英语课只是讲讲练练，“讲”指导“练”、“练”验证“讲”这种方法虽然收效较快，但也有一定的局限性，那就是由教师把知识教给学生，学生的思维没有充分地发挥，学习积极性没能很好调动，学习处于被动地位。如果在这个基础上采用启发式教学法，即“回答、阅读、演示与讲解相结合”，在教师的引导下，学生探求未知，逐步扩大自己的思维，就能使学生产生自学的积极性和自觉性。在启发式教法应注意创造性地处理教材，把读、讲、练、问有机地结合起来，使“读”成为吸收知识的依据；“讲”成为突破关键的环节；“练”成为掌握和运用知识的手段；课堂上下的“问答”成为打开思维的途径，从而提高学生的观察、注意、记忆、思维和想象等能力。另外学习英语少不了激发学生的兴趣，我们在教学上要注意根据学生的生理和心理特征，尽可能贴近学生的实际生活，将各种信息通过语言学习与训练自然而然地传给学生；提醒学生注意中国与美国、英国等外国人们的不同生活习惯，引起学生的好奇；还可以适当做一些英语小游戏,激发学生学习英语的兴趣。教师要充分运用幻灯、挂图、照片、录音、录像、计算机等直观教学的手段和现代教育技术，以增强语言教学的形象性和生动性。 总之，教学的根本，不仅是把外在的知识传授给学生，更重要的是提高学生的内在素质。教是为了育，而育的重点是指导学生去学。当前英语的课堂教学模式应是由应试教育向全面素质教育转变，所以我们老师的观念也要随之而转变。本文为转载文。清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果初三英语试题及答案初三英 语 试 题一、单项填空。（每小题1分，共20分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。22. I dont know if she _ me when she _ in five days.A. tells, arrives B. tells, will arrive C. will tell, will arrive D. will tell, arrives23. How many hours _ to fly to New York from Paris?A. do you spend B. does it cost C. does it take D. do you take24. Grandmother _ a cold since last Sunday.A. has caught B. has had C. had had D. had 25. -Which of the two sweaters will you take?-Ill take _. They look nearly the same , and I just need one.A. both B. either C. none D. all26. _ of them has a dictionary and _ one of them can look up words in the dictionary.A. Each , every B. Every, each C. Each, each D. Every, every27. The Olympic Games _ held _A. is, every four year B. are, every fourth year C. is, every four yearsD. are, once in four years28. Of the two pencil- boxes, the boy chose _ one.A. less expensive B. the least expensive C. the less expensive D. the most expensive 29. The fat man always says his meat looks _ and sells _.A. good, good B. well, well C. good, well D. well, good30. The number of the students in our school _ more than 2000 and a number of them _ to do sports very much.A. are, likes B. is , like C. are, like D. is, likes 31. There is nothing _.A. for us to worry B. of us to worry C. for us to be worried D. for us to worry about32. I went over only _.A. say goodbye to him B. saying goodbye to him C. to say goodbye to himD. what to say goodbye to him33. He is _ the missing paper.A. searching B. searching for C. searching of D. search the room34. He _ the nice kite for 10 yuan.A. paid B. bought C. spent D. cost 35. -It is a photo of _ at the age of five.-How pretty they are!A. Lilys and Lucys B. Lily and Lucys C. Lily and Lucy D. Lilys and Lucy36. Nobody except Mr. Green and his children _ abroad before.A. has been to B. has been C. have been to D. has gone37. I suppose they must be trying out new ideas in the lab, _.A. dont I B. mustnt they C. arent they D. neednt they38. The plane left _ Shanghai _ a rainy morning.A. to, in B. for, on C. in, on D. at , in39. Jack is a green-hand. But all the workers _ highly _ his work when he finished working in the factory for half a yearA. thought, over B. thought , of C. thought, for D. thinks , of40. Could you please tell me _?A. which was the way to the zoo B. what his name isC. How old was she D. what does happen to him41. The students are used _ a song at the _ of the class.A. to sing, begining B. to singing, start C. to singing, starting D. to sing, beginning 二、完型填空（每小题1.5分，共15分）先通读下面短文，掌握其大意。然后在短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入相应空格内的正确答案。Some people have very good memories（记忆力）and can _42_learn quite long poems（诗歌）by heart. _43_ people have poor memories and cant remember things _44_they have said them over and over again.The famous English writer, Charles Dickens, said that he could walk down any long street in _45_ and then tell you the names of all the shops he had _46_. Many great men of the world have wonderful memories.A good memory is a great help _47_a language. Everybody learns _48_ own language by remembering the things he heard when he was a small child. Some children like those who live in foreign countries with their parents, seem to learn two languages as _49_ as they do one. In school it is not so easy for pupils to learn a second language because they have very _50_ time for it.Memory _51_a diary that we keep every day.42. A. easyB. easierC. easilyD. hardly43. A. SomeB. OtherC. The othersD. Others44. A. until B. afterC. when D. but45. A. BeijingB. ParisC. LondonD. Moscow46. A. wentB. walkedC. cameD. passed47. A. learning B. in learningC. with learnD. learn48. A hisB. theirC. yourD. our49. A. goodB. betterC. wellD. more easily50. A. few B. a little C. littleD. a few51. A. looks likeB. does likeC. likesD. is like三、阅读理解（每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，并做每题后面的题目，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能完成所给句子的正确答案。A A man once had a dream about the Black Forest in Germany. In his dream he was walking in the forest when two men ran out and tried to throw him to the ground. He ran off as fast as he could, but they followed him. He reached a place where he saw two roads in front of him, one to the right and the other to the left. Which road should he take? He heard the two men behind him, getting nearer, and at the same time he heard a voice in his ear. It told him to go to the right, and he did so. He ran on and soon came to a small hotel. He was received there kindly and given a room, and he was saved from the two men. That was the dream.Twenty years later he was really in the Black Forest and, as happened in the dream long ago, two men ran out and tried to throw him down. He ran off, and came to a place with two roads, like in the dream. He took the road to the right without thinking. He soon reached a small hotel, was taken in, and so was safe. His dream of twenty years before had saved his life.52. The Black Forest is _.A. a place in Europe B. not a real placeC. dangerous place D. a place visited twice by the man53. It was _ that saved the mans life 20 years later.A. a voiceB. the dream 20 years before C. guests of the hotelD. guard of the forest54. The story tells us that _.A. the man knew something about The Black Forest before he went thereB. the man had a good memory but bad luck C. people should not believe their dreams because they never come trueD. people should believe dreams because they always can save their livesBVisit Forest Zoo Come and see the Indian elephants and the new tigers from Northeast of China. The beautiful birds from England are ready to sing songs for you, and the monkeys from Mount Emei will be happy to talk to you. The lovely dogs from Australia want to laugh at you. Sicuan pandas will play balls for you. The giraffes from Africa (非洲) are waiting to look down on you. Keep the zoo clean! Do not touch, feed or go near to the animals. 55. From the passage we can infer (推断) that a giraffe _.A. is proud and fat B. isnt polite and friendly C. like to stand on a high place D. has a long neck56. Which of the following can we do in the zoo?A. To play balls with pandas B. To give some food to the animals.C. To unlock the doors of the tigers. D. To watch the animals do all kinds of things. 57. Why does the writer introduce（介绍）so many animals from different places to us?A. To keep away from the animals. B. To make us feel strange and terrible.C. To attract us to the zoo. D. To show animals can do everything. C We are all busy talking about and using the Internet, but how many of us know the history of the Internet?Many people are surprised when they find that the Internet was set up (建立) in the 1960s. At that time, computers were large and expensive. Computer networks (网络) didnt work well. If one computer in the network broke down, then the whole network stopped. So a new network system (系统) had to be set up. It should be good enough to be used by many different computers. If part of the network was not working, information could be sent through another part. In this way computer network system would keep on working all the time. At first the Internet was only used by the government (政府), but in the early 1970s, universities, hospitals and banks were allowed to use it, too. However, computers were still very expensive and the Internet was difficult to use. By the start of 1990s, computers became cheaper and easier to use. Scientists had also developed software that made “surfing” the Internet easier.Today it is easy to get on-line and it is said that millions of people use the Internet every day. Sending e-mails is more and more popular among young people. The Internet has now become one of the most important parts of peoples life.58. How long have we used he Internet ?A. For about 10 years. B. For about 20 years.C. For about 40 years. D. For about 60 years.59. What is true about computers in the 1990s ?A. People could get information only from them.B. They became larger and easier.C. People didnt know how to use them. D. More p