2016年全国职称英语等级考试用书(理工类).doc

2016年全国职称英语等级考试用书（理工类）一、语法词汇addict: v. 使沉溺于(addict oneself to( = be addicted to) 沉溺于，热中于)in addition/加上, 又, 另外;in addition to/加上, 除.外;additional adj.附加的, 另外的; 补充的address n.收信(件)人的住址 v. 对.讲演或发表演说; (address a meeting 向大会致辞)adequate adj. 足够的,恰当的,胜任的 (be adequate for.胜任)(adequate enough sufficient足够的)adjust v. 调整;调节; 使适应(adjust oneself to sth./ 使自己适应.)admire v. 赞美;赞赏;(admire sb. for sth./因而钦佩某人)admit v. 让.进入, 使获得(某种地位或特权), 承认(事实、错误等) (admit sb. into the university/获准入大学; admit sb. to hospital/把某人收治入院);adopt v. 采用, 采纳 (adopt take采用)adult n. 成年人 (adult grown-up成年人)advance v./n. 提高(物价等), 增加(数量、价钱等), 提前, 加速, 拨快(时针) (in advance/ 预先)(advance-increase增加(数量、价钱等) )advantage n. 优势, 长处, 利益, 便利 (take advantage of/ 利用，欺骗) (advantage - merit优点)adventure n. 冒险, 惊险活动advertisement n. 广告(= ad.)advice n. 劝告, 忠告(a piece of advice/ 一条意见; give advice /提出忠告; take/follow ones advice /接受忠告)advise v. 建议, 提意见, 通知( advise sb. to do sth./ 劝某人做某事，advise sb. that./通知某人某事 = inform sb. that)(B级)advisable adj. 明智的， 可取的 (advisable sensible -wise明智的)affair n. 事情件, 常用复 事务, 事态(affairs of state/ 国务; foreign affairs /外交事务 )affect v. 影响, 对.起作用反应, 感动, 患(病) (affect influence have a bearing on影响)afford v. 常与can, could, be able to 连用 担负得起费用(损失、后果等)( cant afford to buy sth./ 买不起.)afraid adj. 常作表语 怕, 害怕, 口恐怕( be afraid of/害怕, 担心; Im afraid/口大概, 恐怕, 担心) (afraid -fearful)Africa n. 非洲after prep. 在以后，adv. 以后， 后来conj, 在以后again adv. 再一次， 又一次 again and again再三地， 反复地against: prep. 反对，敌对，逆, 碰，触, 以为背景(be against/反对)age n. 年龄 v. 变老(at the age of/ 时年.岁; be of age(= come of age/)成年 ;ago adv. 以前，以往(long long ago很久很久以前, two days ago/两天前);agree v. 一致, 相合, 同意 (agree on/对意见一致; agree with sb. /同意某人的话; agree to do sth. 同意做 );agreement n. 一致, 同意, 协议(in agreement with ./ 和.一致);agriculture n.农业ahead adv.在前, 向前, 提前( ahead of/在之前;超过);aid v. 帮助, 援助 n. 帮助, 支援(aid sb. in sth./ 帮助某人做。);(aid help帮助; aid device辅助设备)aim v. (常与at连用)瞄准, 对准, 以为目标n. 瞄准;目标(aim to do sth./ 致力于做。;aim at doing sth./ sth. / 致力于做) ;air n. 空气, 天空(fresh air /新鲜空气; by air /乘飞机);airplane n. 飞机;airport n.航空站,机场 ;alarm n. 惊恐，担忧，报警器， 闹钟，警报v. 使担心，使惊恐alcohol n. 酒精;alike adj. 常作表语同样的, 相似的(look alike/看起来相似)alive adj. 活的，活着的( keep sth alive/ 让。仍然活着 );(比较: alive(活的)不能作定语, 只能作表语和补语; living(活的) 可以作定语, 如: a living scientist 一位仍然还在世的科学家)all adj. 所有的, 全部的pron.全体, 全部, (与of连用)整体;全部(in all/总计; above all/首先，尤其是, all over/到处，遍及, after all/终究，毕竟, at all/完全， 根本， 究竟; after all/虽然这样， 毕竟);allow v. 允许，准许, 给予 (allow sb. to do sth./允许某人做。)(allow permit允许)almost adv. 几乎;(almost nearly几乎,差不多)alone adj. 只作表语 单独的; 孤独的(be alone/独自一人， leave sb. alone/让某人独自呆一会)(比较: lonely(孤独的)可以用作表语)along prep. 沿着(walk along the river/沿着河走; all along/始终;一直 ; along with/与一道);aloud adv. 高声地，响亮地 (aloud loudly高声地)already adv. 表示现在或过去某时已发生的事实 已经also adv. 也, 同样, 而且(not only.but also.或 not only.but./不仅.而且); (also too as well也)alter v. 变更;改变，改换 (alter change改变)alternative n. 两者择一, 替换物， adj. 两者择一的,交替的;although adv. 尽管，虽然; (although though 虽然)always adv. 总是;a.m. adv. 上午amaze v. 使惊奇;使吃惊(be amazed at sth. /对.感到惊奇);(amazed surprised astonished 感到惊讶的 )amazing adj. 令人吃惊的 (amazing surprising astonishing 令人吃惊的)ambition n. 野心, 雄心, 抱负;ambitious adj. 野心勃勃的，渴望的assembly n. 集合, 装配, 集会(assembly line/装配线);assess v. 评估(财产, 价值, 人物、工作等); (assess evaluate value评估)assist v. (在某方面)帮助，援助，协助 (assist sb. in doing sth/to do sth/在方面帮助某人)assistant n. 助手, 助理(assistant engineer/助理工程师; assistant professor/副教授);associate v. 结交, 由.联想到., 把.联系起来(associate one thing with another/把某一事与另一事联系起来; .be associated with sth./.和.有关/.和.有联系):association n. 联合,协会, 社团:assume v. 假设(assume suppose ),承担(assume take on - acccept), 呈(态度, 姿态, 位置) (assume new duties/ 承担新的职务; assume office/就职; assume responsibility/负责, 承担责任);assure v. 保证 (assume - ensure) ，使安心，让放心 (assure sb. of/that/向某人保证)astonish v. 使吃惊(astonish surprise shock)(be astonished at sth. /对感到惊讶);astronaut n. 宇航员at prep.位置， 场所， 地点，时间在时，在中，在方面，向，(表示速度，价格等)以(arrive at/到达; at my uncles/在我叔父家;at the foottop of the mountain / 在山脚下顶上; at the meeting/在会议上; at ten oclock/ 在十点钟; at (the age of) forty/在 40 岁的时候; at the beginning of the month/ 在月初; at Christmas/在圣诞节; aim at/对准.; throw at /朝扔;be pleased at/对感到高兴;be surprised frightened at /听到而吃惊; at ones request/应某人的请求; at the rate/speed of /以每小时.速度);athlete: n. 运动员Atlantic adj.大西洋的;大西洋沿岸的(the Atlantic Ocean /大西洋);atmosphere n. 大气, 空气, 气氛;attack n./v. 进攻, 疾病)侵袭，发作(a heart attack /心脏病发作);attach v. 贴上，系上，缚上(attach to 把贴/系在上面)attempt n. (常与at, on, to连用)努力, 尝试v. (常与to连用)企图, 尝试 (attempt to do sth./make an attempt to do sth. /试图做);attend v. 注意, 出席(at), 参加, 上(学, 教堂) ( attend school /上学; attend a lecture /听讲课; attend (at) a wedding /出席婚礼; be attended by/ 由.陪同; 由.照料);attention n.注意, 关心, 关注, 注意力( pay attention to ./注意.);attitude n.态度, 看法, 意见(attitude to/towards/对的态度, take assumed an attitude of 取态度);attract vt. 吸引(attract appeal to), 诱惑(attract ones attention/引起某人注意);attractive adj. 有吸引力的(attractive appealing ), 漂亮的(attractive beautiful pretty );attribute vt. 把.归因于(to)., n.属性, 特质, 标志(attribute .to ./ 把.归因于);audience n. 听众, 观众, 读者(a large audience/很多观众);August n.八月(略作Aug);aunt n. 伯母, 婶母, 舅母, 阿姨;Australia n. 澳大利亚，澳洲:author n. 作家, 著者(best author畅销书作者; joint author/合著者);authority n. 权威, 权力, 权势, pl.当局, 负责人;automatic adj.自动的,机械的;automobile n.汽车，小汽车;autumn n. 秋, 秋季(美国普通称fall) (in autumn/在秋天; in (the)late autumn/在晚深秋);available adj.可用到的, 可利用的, 有用的, 有空的;average n.平均, 平均水平, 平均数 adj.通常的, 平均的 (above the average/在一般水平以上, 中上; below the average/在一般水平以下; on the an average/平均);avoid v. 避免; 回避; (avoid escape避免)aware adj. 用作表语知道的; 意识到的(be aware of/知道, 意识到; be aware that ./发觉, 注意到); (conscious aware意识到的)away adv. 离开, 远离 (Go away!/走开!; keep away from./与.保持距离; run away/逃掉; take sth. away/拿走; right away/立刻, 马上; far away/在远处) ;awful adj. 可怕的, 极坏的 (awful terrible可怕的)2、 完形填空Where Have All Our Visitors Gone?Sixty years ago, a man named Kenneth Arnold saw something that people are still _1_ today -something that changed popular culture for ever.Flying his plane over mountains in the US state of Washington, he saw a line of strange objects, either crescent -shaped or disc-like, flying _2_ the motion of a saucer skimming on water.The media soon picked up on the story-the Flying Saucers were here1! Was the earth being _3_ by creatures from another planet? Soon， so many sightings were made that the US military began to _4_. It called these strange objects UFOs -Unidentified Flying Objects, and that is how they are _5_ today.Military investigations found no evidence of visitors from outer space. But that did not stop the true _6_. The military were _7_ up, they said. Or _8_ it was because the travelers from space were of such superior intelligence that they could hide from the most sophisticated military analysts.People have always seen strange lights in the sky. In the past these were explained in_9_ ways. In a world where religion was less influential and science fiction was popular, signs from god were replaced by visitors from other _10_.The date of the first UFO signings was also significant. In 1947, World War II had just ended and the _11_ war was just beginning. Humanity seemed locked in endless conflicts. Like generations before them, people looked _12_ the skies for help. But instead of seeking God, they looked for help from super-intelligent aliens with _13_ technology. Belief in UFOs became the first religion of science.However, even people who believe in UFOs are not quite sure why they visit the earth. The universe is a big place and it is _14_ to assume that there is life somewhere out there. It is possible that aliens have worked out how to travel through space. Yet some people report that they have been taken by aliens and have had experiments _15_ on them. Why would anyone travel across half the universe to conduct medical experiments on people living in small towns in the United States?词汇：crescent n.月牙，月牙形物 saucer n.碟skim v.飞速掠过 alien n.外星人练习：1. A) looking B) seeing C) seeking D) feeling2. A) below B) underneath C) with D) under3. A) ruled B) bombarded C) captured D) visited4. A) investigate B) attack C) shoot D) confront5. A) named B) called C) known D) dubbed6. A) believers B) thinkers C) followers D) liars7. A) hiding B) covering C) cheating D) tricking8. A) definitely B) undoubtedly C) necessarily D) maybe9. A) awkward B) crude C) religious D) foolish10. A) planets B) continents C) countries. D) regions11. A) cool B) star C) nuclear D) cold12. A) above B) to C) at D) up13. A) traditional B) backward C) classical D) advanced14. A) unthinkable B) impossible C) reasonable D) insensible15. A) performed B) carried C) brought D) taken完型填空答题思路：1.分析文章标题， 了解文章主题， 确认文章主题词;2.对比被选项， 推测答案可能出自的范围;3.关注空格两端结构，借助空格所在的局部搭配结构及搭配语意判断答案;答案与解析：1.分析文章主题：Where(在哪里， 什么地方) Have All Our Visitors(来宾， 访问者) Gone?文章主题词：visitors, go(去，变成， 到达)2. 直接解题：1. A) looking (看, 看起来， 调查，神情， 外表) B) seeing(看见, 了解, 领会)C) seeking(寻找, 探索) D) feeling(摸, 感觉， 感觉，激情)Sixty years ago(以前), a man named(命名) Kenneth Arnold saw something that people are still(仍然，更，静止的) _1_ today something(某物/某事) that changed(改变) popular culture(大众文化) for ever(永远).1.B see和look这两个词词义相关， 因此首先重点关注。空格前面出现了动词saw(see的过去时态)， 因此 B是答案的可能性较大(提示1：上下文的用词特点(上下文常常通过使用同一词汇/近义词/词汇/反义词形成上下文意义的衔接)。look是不及物动词，而see 既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词。空格处的动词是及物动词，引导定语从句的连接词充当从句中谓语动词的宾语， 因此B是答案。考点：考察近义词的辨析2. A) below(在.下面) B) underneath(在.下面)C) with (有，用，以， 由于，赞成)D) under(在.之下， 在.领导下， 少于)Flying(驾驶飞机， 飞行， 乘飞机) his plane(飞机) over mountains(山， 山脉) in the US state of Washington(华盛顿州), he saw a line of (一队，一行)strange(奇怪的， 陌生的) objects(物体), either crescent(新月) -shaped or (或者.或者.)disc-like(像盘子形状的), flying _2_ the motion(运动) of a saucer(碟子) skimming on(轻轻掠过) water2.C 四个词都是介词。其中below、underneath和under是方位介词，这三个介词互为近义词， 因此彼此排除掉(提示2：备选项中出现的近义词词组通常是干扰项)， 因此答案只能是with(with是方式介词)。With所在的句子结构说“.以碟子飞速掠过水面的移动方式飞着”。考点：常见介词的基本用法。3. A) ruled(规则，统治，规定， 统治) B) bombarded(炮轰， 轰击) C) captured(捕获， 夺取) D) visited(拜访， 访问)The media(媒体) soon picked up on (详细描述)the story(故事)-the Flying Saucers (飞碟)were here! Was the earth (地球)being _3_ by creatures(生物) from another planet(行星)?3.D 选项D是文章主题词(visitors)的家族词汇，因此D可能是答案(提示3：文章主题词/文章主题词的近义词/文章主题词的家族词汇可能是答案)。第三段的第一句话(Military(军事的) investigations(调查) found(发现) no evidence(证据) of visitors(客人) from outer space(外层空间).)说“军事调查并没有发现能证明从外层空间来了客人的证据”， 由此判断空格处用visited上下文意义呼应。考点：文章主题词/上下文意义衔接词4. A) investigate(调查， 研究) B) attack(攻击，(疾病突然)发作)C) shoot(射击， 拍摄) D) confront(使面对)Soon(很快， 不久)， so(如此， 因此) many sightings(目睹事件， 视力) were made that the US military(军事的) began(开始) to _4_.4.A 空格处需要出现不及物动词， 因此首先排除D(及物动词)。 该句说“不久由于出现了这么多的目击事件， 以至于美国军方开始.”, 根据该句句意判断A(调查)出现在空格中最恰当。考点：常见动词的辨析/上下文意义衔接词5. A) named(命名, 任命，名字) B) called(呼吁， 命名， 打电话)C) known(知道，了解，分辨， 知名的) D) dubbed(配音， 授予称号， 鼓声)It called these strange(奇怪的，陌生的) objects(物体， 反对) UFOs(不明飞行物) -Unidentified Flying Objects, and that is how(怎样， 多么) they are _5_ today.5.C name和call是近义词， 都可以表示“命名”， 因此在“命名”这个词义上彼此排除掉，name虽然还有“任命， 提名”这样的词义， 但这样的词义放入空格中意义不通(空格所在的句子结构说“那就是现在它们(不明飞行物)怎样被.的”)，因此A和B都不是答案。 剩下的选项中选项C(了解)放入空格中意义通顺(那就是不明飞行物怎样被人们知道的)， 因此答案为C。考点：常见动词的辨析6. A) believers(信徒) B) thinkers (思想家)C) followers(追随者) D) liars(说谎者)7. A) hiding(隐藏, 隐瞒) B) covering (覆盖, 包括, 盖子, 封面)C) cheating(欺骗) D) tricking(欺骗， 诡计， 诀窍)Military investigations(调查) found no evidence(证据) of visitors from outer space(外层空间). But that did not stop(停止，阻止， 车站) the true(真正的， 忠实的， 真实的) _6_. The military(军事的) were _7_ up, they said.6.A 空格所在的句子说“但是那(军事调查没有发现有外空来访者的证据)不能阻止真正的.”由此可以看出，最合适的词是believers。考点：词义相关词的辨析/上下文之间的意义关系(转折)7.B 只有cover可以跟up搭配。因此选择covering。Cover up是固定搭配，其含义为“掩盖”。考点：固定搭配结构(动词短语)补充相似短语结构：go up上升, 增长stand up站起来set up 设立, 竖立, 创(纪录)take up 拿起, 开始从事, 占据put up举起, 抬起, 推举use up用完, 耗尽drink up 喝光8. A) definitely(明确地，肯定地) B) undoubtedly(毫无疑问地)C) necessarily(必要地，必定地) D) maybe(可能)Or(或者， 否则， 即) _8_ it was because(因为) the travelers(旅行者) from space(太空) were of such superior(出众的， 较高的) intelligence(智力) that they could hide from (躲避， 避开)the most sophisticated(高度发展的， 老练的) military analysts(分析家).8.D 备选项中A， B和C词义接近：都可以表示“肯定地”， 因此彼此排除掉， 答案只能为D。 其实空格所在句子的第一个词是or(或者)，表示两种情况都有可能，因此只有用maybe在语义上才是一致的。考点：常见副词的辨析。9. A) awkward(笨拙的) B) crude(天然的， 未加工的)C) religious(宗教上的) D) foolish(愚蠢的)People have always seen strange lights(灯，发光体, 光) in the sky(在天空中). In the past (在过去)these were explained(解释) in_9_ ways.9.C 根据空格所在的局部结构“were explained in .ways/以.的方式被解释”判断B(天然的，未加工的)出现在空格中不合适。借助接下来的句子“In a world(世界) where religion (宗教)was less(较少地) influential(有影响力的)”(在一个宗教的影响不如以前的世界里)，判断合适的选项是religious。考点：上下文意义衔接词10. A) planets(行星) B) continents(大陆， 陆地)C) countries(国家， 乡村) D) regions(区域， 领域)In a world(世界) where religion (宗教)was less influential(有影响力的) and science fiction (科幻小说)was popular(流行的， 受欢迎的), signs(标记， 记号， 迹象，示意) from god(上帝) were replaced by (被.替代)visitors from other _10_.10.A 本文的主题是讲不明飞行物，也就是讲来自外星球的人，因此合适的选择是planets。考点：文章主题。11. A) cool(凉爽的， 冷漠的， 使冷， 使镇定) B) star (恒星， 明星) C) nuclear(核子的， 原子核的， 中心的) D) cold(寒冷， 感冒， 寒冷的， 不热情的)The date(日期， 日子，约会) of the first(第一的， 首先) UFO signings (迹象)was also(也， 同样地) significant(有意义的， 重大的). In 1947, World War II (第2次世界大战)had just ended(结束) and the _11_ war was just beginning.11.D 正确地回答这道题需要有一点世界知识。第二次世界大战结束后冷战开始，因此选择cold是正确的。核战争(nuclear war)如果会发生的话，文明早就消失了。cold war是冷战。考点：固定搭配结构(名词性的短语结构)12. A) above (在.上方， 在上面，上面的) B) to(向，往，到.为止， 比， 到(程度，范围)C) at(在， 在.方面) D) up(向上， 到(较高的地方)， 向上， 沿着)Humanity(人类， 仁慈) seemed locked in (被封闭在)endless(无穷无尽的) conflicts(斗争， 冲突). Like generations(一代人， 产生) before them, people looked _12_ the skies for(为了) help(帮助).12.B look to是依赖。Look to.for. 是指“为了.而指望.”。因此to是合适的选择。相关的句子说的是：跟先辈们一样，人们乞求老天来帮助他们。look at是“看”， Look up是“往上看，查寻 ”。 look up是一个干扰项，look up在表示“往上看”时是不及物动词性的短语结构。look up 往上看I am wondering(对.感到吃惊， 想知道) why they are looking up. 我想知道为什么他们都向上看。Look up 表示“查询”时，是及物动词性的短语结构：When you do not understand(理解) a word, you can look it up in this dictionary(字典).当你不懂一个单词时，可以查这本词典。考点：固定搭配结构(动词性的短语结构)13. A) traditional(传统的， 惯例的) B) backward(向后(地)的， 相反(地)的， 落后(地)的)C) classical(古典的) D) advanced(高级的， 先进的)But instead of (不是.)seeking(寻求) God(上帝), they looked for (寻找)help from super-intelligent(有超常智慧的) aliens(外国人， 外星人， 外国的， 不同的) with _13_ technology(技术). Belief in (相信.的存在)UFOs became(变成， 成为) the first(首要的， 第一的) religion(宗教，信仰) of science.13.D 空格所在的局部结构说“aliens with .technology/有着.技术的外星人”， 由此判断D(先进的)是答案。考点：常见形容词的辨析(通过派生法而形成的形容词)职称英语教材14. A) unthinkable(不能想象的， 不可思议的) B) impossible (不可能的)C) reasonable(合理的) D) insensible(无知觉的， 难以察觉的)However(然而), even(甚至， 平均的， 使平等) people who believe in(相信) UFOs are not quite sure (对.确信的， 必定地)why they visit (访问， 参观)the earth. The universe(宇宙) is a big(大的，重要的) place(地方) and it is _14_ to assume(假定， 设想) that there is (有)life(生命) somewhere(在某处) out there(在那边).14.C 与空格所在的句子并列的句子说：宇宙是一个很大的地方。从这句话可以推出，我们有理由假设在那儿有生命的存在。因此，选reasonable是对的。考点：it句型15. A) performed(做， 表演， 完成任务) B) carried (携带)C) brought(带来) D) taken(拿走,占领, 获得, 接受)It is possible(可能的) that aliens have worked out (设计出， 计算出，可以解决)how to travel(旅行) through(穿过) space. Yet some people report(报告) that they have been taken by (被带走)aliens and have had experiments(实验， 做实验) _15_ on them.15.A 根据空格所在的局部结构“have had experiments.on them/使实验在他们身上被.”判断A(做)是答案。考点：非谓语动词结构/常见动词的辨析Why would anyone(任何人) travel across(越过) half(一半的， 一半， 部分地) the universe(宇宙) to conduct(做，管理) medical(医学的) experiments on people living(生活， 活的，起作用的) in small(小的) towns(城镇) in the United States(美国)?三、补全短文A Heroic WomanThe whole of the United States cheered its latest hero,Ashley Smith,with the Federal Bureau of investigation saying it was planning to give a big reward to her for having a brave heart and wise mind._(46)_. She was moving into her apartment in Atlanta, Georgia early on the morning of March 12,when a man followed her to her door and put a gun to her side.“I started walking to my door, and I felt really, really afraid,”she said in a TV interview last week. The man was Brian Nichols,33.He was suspected of killing three people at an Atlanta courthouse(法院)on March 11 and later of killing a federal agent. _(47)_.Nichols tied Smith up with tape, but released her after she repeatedly begged him not to take her life.“I told him if he hurt me, my little girl wouldnt have a mummy,”she said. In order to calm the man down, she read to him from“The Purpose-Driven Life”,a best-selling religious book. He asked her to repeat a paragraph“about what you thought your purpose in life was-what talents were you given.”_(48)_.“I basically just talked to him and tried to gain his trust,” Smith said.Smith said she asked Nichols why he chose her.“He said he thought I was an angel sent from God, and we were Christian sister and brother,”she said.“And that he was lost, and that God led him to me to tell him that he had hurt a lot of people.”_(49)_. She said Nichols was surprised when she made him breakfast and that the two of them watched television coverage(报道)of the police hunt for him.“I cannot believe thats me,”Nichols told the woman. Then, Nichols asked Smith what she t