大学英语基本语言点概述.doc

一、英语考试中的必考项1、 构词法2、 16大时态 3、 两大语态4、 五种英语基本句型5、 非谓语动词6、 复合句1）名词性从句2）定语从句3）状语从句7、 形容词、副词比较级和最高级8、 倒装& 虚拟语气二、 各项详解1、构词法：英语中主要有三中构词法1）转化 （conversion）- 由一个词类变为另一个词类 water 水 n.- water 浇水 vt. wind 风 n. - wind 刮风 vt.2) 派生 （derivation）- 通过加前缀和后缀构成另一个词 Happy - unhappy / happiness3) 合成 （compounding）- 由两个或更多词构成一个新词 Wood + cut - woodcut 木刻 Open + minded - open-minded 开朗的 Happy + go+ lucky - happy-go-lucky 无忧无虑4）次要构词法：截短法（clipping）、混合（blending）、缩写（abbreviation） Automobile - mobile bicycle - cycle Europe + Asia Eurasia 欧亚大陆 USA - United state of America BBC- British Broadcasting Corporation 2、 时态现在时：一般现在式，现在进行式，现在完成式.过去时：一般过去式，过去进行式，过去完成式.将来时：一般将来式，过去将来式，将来完成式,将来进行式.e.g. He is a law student. The soup tastes good. What are you doing? Shes teaching at a night school. Ill be home in time for supper. What will you be doing on Saturday? I got to know her in 1998. Who told you this? Have you ever been to Hong Kong? He asked how long I had been waiting? 3、语态 1）主动语态：主语与谓语是主动关系，即主语是动作的执行者 2）被动语态 主语与谓语是被动关系，即主语是动作的承受者 e.g. Someone broke the window. The window was broken by someone. We told the boy to go to bed. The boy was told to go to bed. 3) 各个时态的被动语态4、五种英语基本句型 1）主语+ 不及物动词 2）主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语 3）主语+ 系动词 + 表语 4）主语 + 双宾动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 5）主语 + 及物动词 + 复合宾语5、非谓语动词 1）动词不定式： to do 2）动名词: V-ing 3）现在分词: V-ing 4）过去分词: V-ed/ 不规则6、 复合句1）名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句2）定语从句: 限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句3）状语从句：时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、比较、方式、伴随、让步状语从句（九大类）7、形容词、副词比较级和最高级1）单音节词和少数双音节词都在词尾er/est Small-smaller/ smallest2) 以“辅音+y”结尾的将 y 变为 i,加 er/est Busy-busier/busiest happy-happier/happiest3) 以一个辅音字母结尾的词，将该辅音字母双写，再加-er、est Hothotter/hottest bigbigger/biggest4）其他双音节及多音节词在前面加 more、most More difficult, more careful, most beautiful8、倒装：全部倒装和部分倒装 1）全部倒装 Here you are. Here comes a bus. Now comes your turn. 2）部分倒装 某些有否定意义的副词，如果放在句首，句子常用倒装语序； never, seldom, little, scarcely, hardly, not onlye.g. Not only did he wo9rk faster, he worked better also. 他不仅干得快，还干的好。Scarcely was she out of sight when he came. 她刚走他就来了。9、虚拟语气: 与现在、过去、将来事实相反 1) 虚拟条件句：包含条件从句的句子都是条件句，有些条件句是可以实现的。 e.g. if I have time Ill come over to see you. (真实条件句) I wont go to the party unless they invite me. 2) 虚拟条件句 If I were you Id plant some trees round the house. If I should be free tomorrow, I will come to see you. If I had known that you were coming, w would have met you at the airport. If I