2016年职称英语考试理工A真题及答案【完整版】.doc

2016年职称英语理工A真题第一部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1. The (revelation) of his past led to his resignation.A. imagination B. confirmationC. recall D. disclosure2. Jensen is a dangerous man, and can be very (brutal).A. careless B. cruelC. strong D. hard3. Youll have to (sprint) if you want to catch the train.A. jump B. escapeC. run D. prepare4. We are worried about this (fluid) situation full with uncertainty.A. changeable B. stableC. suitable D. adaptable5. The new (garment) fits her perfectly.A. haircut B. purseC. clothes D. necklace6. The phobia may have its root in a childhood (trauma).A. fear B. joyC. hurt D. memory7. They have to build canals to (irrigate) the desert.A. decorate B. waterC. change D. visit8. Her overall language proficiency remains that of a (toddler).A. disabled B. pupilC. teenager D. baby9. The coastal area has very (mild) winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.A. warm B. severeC. hardD.dry10. The details of the costume were totally (authentic).A. real B. outstandingC. creative D. false11. We are aware of the (potential) problems.A. global B. possibleC. ongoing D. central12. The idea was quite (brilliant).A. positive B. cleverC. key D. original13. Stock market price (tumbled) after rumor of a rise in interest rate.A. regulated B. increasedC. fell D. maintained14. The course gives you basic (instructions) in car maintenance.A. coaching B. ideaC. term D. aspect15. All houses within 100 metres of the seas (at risk) of flooding.A. in danger B. out of controlC. between equals D. in particular第二部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分） 下面的短文列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。The Greatest of Victorian EngineersIn the hundred years up to 1860, the work of a small group of construction engineers carried forward the enormous social and economic change that we associate with the Industrial Revolution in Britain. The most important of these engineers was Isambard Kingdom Brunel, whose work in shipping, bridge-building, and railway construction, to name just three fields, both challenged and motivated his colleagues. He was the driving force behind a number of the hugely ambitious projects, some of which resulted inworks which are still in use today.The son of an engineer, Brunel apprenticed with his father at an early age on the building of the Thames Tunnel. At the age of just twenty, he became engineer in charge of the project. This impressive plan to bore under the Thames twice suffered two major disasters when the river broke through into the tunnel when the second breach(决口) occurred in 1872, Brunel was seriously injured during rescue operation and further work was halted.While recovering from his injuries, Brunel entered a design competition for a new bridge over the Avon Gorge near Clifton. The original judge of the competition was Thomas Telford, a leading civil engineer of his day, who rejected all entries to the competition in favor of his own design. After considerable scandal, a second contest was held and Brunels design was accepted. For reasons of funding, however, exacerbated(加剧) by social unrest in Bristol, the project was abandoned in 1843 with only the towers completed. After Brunels death, it was decided to begin work on it again, partly so that the bridge could form a fitting memorial to the great engineer. The entire structure was finally completed in 1864. Today, the well-known Clifton Suspension Bridge is a symbol of Bristol, just as the Opera House is of Sydney. Originally intended only for horse-drawn traffic, the bridge now bears over four million motor vehicles a year.16. Brunel was an important airplane engineer in Britain during the Industrial Revolution.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned17. Brunel was involved less in railway construction than in other engineering fields.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned18. Brunel worked only on shipping, bridge-building and railway construction.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned19. Brunel work was largely ignored by his colleagues.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned20. Some projects Brunel contributed to are still in use today.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned21. Brunel became an apprentice with his father when he was very young.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned22. The Thames Tunnel project was more difficult than any previous projects undertaken in Britain.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned第三部分：概况大意与完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分） 下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个最佳选项标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。Geothermal（地热）Energy1 Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the earths center flows outwards towards the surface. In this way, it transfers to the next layer of rock. If the temperature is high enough, some of this rock melts and forms magma(岩浆). The magma ascends in its turn towards the earths surface. It often remains well below the earths surface, creating vast areas of hot rock. In such regions, there are deep cracks, which allow rainwater to descend underground. Some of the heated rainwater travels back up to the earths surface where it will appear as a hot spring. However, if this ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable（不可渗透的）rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir. If geothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot water and steam shoot up the wells naturally, and can be used to produce electricity in geothermal power plants.2 A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-stem reservoirs which produce steam but little or no water. In these cases, the steam is pipe dup directly to provide the power to spin a turbine generator. The first geothermal power plant, constructed at Lardarello in Italy, was of this type, and is still producing electricity today.3 Most currently operating geothermal power plants are either flash steam plants or binary（双重的）plants. Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from 300 to 700Fahrenheit. This water is passed through one or two separators where released from the pressure of the underground reservoir, it flashes or boils into steam Again, the force of this steam provides the energy to spin the turbine and produce electricity. The geothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back down into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of the reservoir. Gradually they will be reheated and can then be used again.A. Recyclable water and steamB. Binary plantsC. Flash steam plantsD. Generation of electricityE. Origin of geothermal energyF. Dry steam plants4 A reservoir with temperatures below 300 Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash steam but it can still be used to generate electricity in binary fluid. The steam from this is used to power the turbines. As in the flash steam plant, the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir.23. Paragraph 1_E_24. Paragraph 2_F_25. Paragraph 3_C_26. Paragraph 4_B_27. A geothermal reservoir is formed when hot water is trapped under _B_.28. A dry-steam reservoir produces steam with _C_.29. Flash plants produce hot water through _E_.30. In a binary plant, the heat of the geothermal water can be converted into _F_.A. hot springsB. impermeable rockC. little or no waterD. turbine operatorE. one or two separatorsF. the energy to turn a turbine第四部分：阅读理解（第3045题，每题3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇：Sports Star Yao MingIf Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he almost certainly the tallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Basketball Association (NBA)and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to compete in the Game.But what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity(名气). Few, if any, Chinese athletes are as well-known as Yao Ming around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess(接杰出的才能)but also for being a symbol of international commerce.When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No. 1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft he was the first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the court are clear enough一no NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he is a handful (难对付的人）for opponents on either end of the court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is his role as a global citizen and as a bridge to millions of potential basket ball fans in China.When it was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season and possibly the Olympics with a stress fracture (骨折）in his left foot, a collective shudder spread across China. After considerable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, to offer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success, and though the estimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to prepare with Team China. Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics.Yao wrapped up a 10-day trip to China, where he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process. Western experts are generally skeptical of TCMs benefits, although new research from the University of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may indeed stimulate bone repair.“There is no reason to dismiss TCM, “Yao told a press conference in Beijing. “Its been used in our country for thousands of years. I dont think that its short on science.”31. The word towering in Paragraph 1 means_.A. largeB. fatC. tallD. great32. Opponents find it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of his_.A. assault B. mobilityC. defenseD. celebrity33. Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCM treatments because_.A. he wanted to make a more rapid recovery.B. his right foot had been hurting.C. the surgical operation had been a failure.D. he couldnt afford all the medical expenses.34. Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true?A. He is an NBA player.B. He fractured his left foot.C. He missed the Athens Olympics.D. He is an international figure.35. In general, the Western experts attitude towards TCM is_.A. indifferentB. positiveC. doubtful D. negative第二篇：Deforestation and Desertification(沙漠化）The Sahel zone lies between the Sahara desert and the fertile savannahs(热带大草原）of northern Nigeria and South Sudan.The word sahel comes from Arabic and means marginal or transitional, and this is a good description ofthese semi-arid(半干旱)lands, which occupy much of the Western African countries of Mail, Mauritania, Niger, and Chad.Unfortunately,over the last century the Sahara desert has steadily crept southwards eating into once productive Sahel lands.United Nations surveys show that over 70 percent of the dry land in agriculture use in Africa has deteriorated over the last 30 years. Droughts have become more severe, the most recent lasting over twenty years in parts of the Sahel region.The same process of desertification is taking place across southern Africa as the Kalahari desert advances into Botswana and parts of South Africa.One of the major causes of this desert advance is poor agricultural land use, driven by the pressures of increasing population. Over grazingkeeping too many farm animals on the land一means that grasses and other plants cannot recover, and scarce water supplies are exhausted. Over cultivation一trying to grow too many crops on poor land一 results in the soil becoming even less fertile and drier, and beginning to break up. Soil erosion (侵蚀) follows, and the land turns into desert.Another cause of desertification is loss of tree cover. Trees are cut down for use as fuel and to clear land for agricultural use. Tree roots help to bind the soil together, to conserve moisture, and to provide a habitat for other plants and animals. When trees are cut down, the soil begins to dry and loosen, wind and rain erosion increase, other plant species die, and eventually the fertile top soil may be almost entirely lost, leaving only bare rock and dust.The effects of loss of topsoil and increased drought are irreversible. They are, however, preventable. Careful conservation of tree cover and sustainable agricultural land use have been shown to halt deterioration of soils and lessen the effects of shortage of rainfall. One project in Kita in south-west Mali funded by UNDP has involved local communities insustainable management of forest, while at the same time providinga viable(有活力的）agricultural economy. This may be a model for similar projects in other West African countries.36. The Sahel zone is an area which_.A. is covered with sad and grassB. has a long historyC. occupies much of South NigeriaD. belongs to Sudan37. What is the situation about the desertification in Africa?A. The deserts are replaced with grasslandsB. The deserts are expandingC. the deserts are moving northwardsD. the deserts are being deserted38. The word “deteriorated” in paragraph 2 means_.A. deepenedB. sufferedC. slippedD. worsened39. What is the root cause of desertification?A. poor farmingB. overpopulationC. radical climate changeD. disappearance of rare plant species40. In order to prevent desertification, the author proposes_.A. making good use of international aidsB. developing a sustainable agricultural economyC. gaining international supportD. converting agricultural land into forest第三篇：Older Volcanic EruptionsVolcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed- off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do. He calculated the killing efficiency for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The Permian extinction ,for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warming that followed wiped out 80 per cent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all. ”Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignalls idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.41. Older volcanic eruptions did more damage than more recent ones because_.A. older volcanoes were brighterB. carbon dioxide made the earth much warmerC. older volcanoes were hotterD. carbon dioxide killed off life more easily42. Wignall calculated the killing power of those older volcanic eruptions by_.A. estimating how long they lastedB. counting the dinosaurs they killedC. comparing the proportion of life killed with the volume of lava producedD. studying the chemical composition of lava43. When did dinosaurs become extinct?A. 300 million years ago.B. 250 million years agoC. 65 million years agoD. 60 million years ago44. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that the cause of dinosaur extinction is_.A. a political issueB. self-evidentC. quite certainD. controversial45. What is the main the