高职体育的成功教育的发展特征.doc

高职体育的成功教育的发展特征一、成功体育教学的含义及特征1. 成功体育教学的含义。高职体育是学校教育的重要组成部分，要为培养21世纪全面、复合型人才服务，为终身教育服务，注重实施成功体育教育尤为重要。因此，改变体育教学观念和方法，提高体育教学质量，研究如何在教学中实施成功体育教育对提高学生综合素质有着重要意义。所谓成功体育教学是挖掘学生潜能和促进学生发展的教学，是体育教师结合学生实际情况，创造成功体育机会，帮助学生获得并逐渐形成自身不断追求成功的一种教育过程。2. 成功体育教学的特性。成功体育教学要使每个学生在体育教学中获得“成功”的体验，就要通过教学观念、方法的完善和改变，给学生创造成功机会，使其获得成功的体验和快乐，从而形成不断追求成功的一种教育过程。“成功”的体验不仅仅是要追求“快乐”和“高兴”，更重要的是在追求成功的过程中，通过不畏艰难险阻，不断战胜挫折与失败，培养学生的坚强、自信、勇敢及顽强拼搏精神。成功的终极目标就是让学生不断进取，并获得不断进取的能力。二、成功体育教学实践1. 明确学生的需要，激发学生的动力。成功需要动力，学习上也是同样的道理。学习动力的挖掘是成功体育教学实施的关键所在。满足学生需要，才能激发学生动力。每个学生的起点、需要并不都是一样的，既有年龄差异，又有个性差异。教育研究发现：学生对学习的需要往往处在四种状态：一是生理感觉需要，即通过学习满足感官上的需要；二是交往需要，通过各种游戏和体育教学比赛来促进学生之间的相互交流、营造和谐的交往环境；三是发展性需要，在体育教学中让学生掌握一定的体育技能和体育理论知识、锻炼好身体，为终身体育打下良好的基础，也为将来在社会上取得成就打下坚实的基础；四是奉献性需要，即通过学习，掌握本领，为他人、为集体、为国家贡献力量，把个人需要转化为他人、为社会服务。因此，教师应在不同环境、不同时间，根据学生的不同需要激发学生的学习动力，让学生去追求自己的成功。2. 创造有利条件和情景，让学生体验成功。（1）给学生创造表现自我的机会。表现自我的机会是每个学生都渴望得到的。因此，教师应该在体育教学中充分利用各种机会，结合学生实际，有意创造学习情景，让每个学生都能实现愿望，发挥自己的才干，并且给予肯定和赞赏。这样学生就能通过表现自我获得成功的体验，获得成功是学生学习的最大动力，获得成功同时会增强学生学习的自信心。（2）降低标准和要求让学生体验成功。学生的学习是一个循序渐进的过程，开始学习时不能把标准和要求定得过高。标准和要求过高学生不但不能体验成功，而且易削弱学生的自信心。例如，在跳高教学中，按照学生的需要，确定起跳的高度，学生跳过了自己所期望的高度，就能获得成功的体验；在男子1000米和女子800米教学中，要把学生上一次测验成绩作为标准，学生成绩有提高就算是进步。这样，学生练习一次就能提高一次，即成功一次，使学生不断从成功走向成功。学生的学习热情也会不断高涨，对学习更是信心十足。学习成绩也会越来越来越好，身心素质也会不断提高。（3）因材施教、区别对待让每个学生都能成功。学生的个体不同，身体素质、运动能力都会存在一定的差异，在这种情况下，练习时应采用以下方法进行教学。分层分组法教学。在具体教学中可采用：按运动成绩和能力分组、按性别分组、按年龄分组等形式，根据学生实际情况进行成功教学，使不同程度的学生都能体会到成功的最大乐趣；降低难度。在教学中，一些技术动作一般的学生很快就能掌握，但个别学生常常很难做到，甚至不可能做到，如果老师对他们与其他学生一样要求，不但不能达到教学目的，反而造成消极情绪，因而任课教师应当区别对待，只要他们能努力完成练习，可根据他们的实际情况，适当降低练习难度，如1000米跑练习，要求一般学生必须在规定的时间内跑完，但个别学生可不计时间，这样可减轻他们心理负担，积极参加练习，并在练习中得到应有的锻炼。又如，女生练习排球发球时，使用标准的场地和标准的网高，很多学生根本无法把球发过另一半场，这样学生每发一球都是在体会失败，在这种情况下，应该降低网的高度和场地的长度，或者让学生靠近球网练习发球。成功的发球才能让学生体会到真正运动的乐趣。如果教师对这些学生不区别对待，与一般学生一样要求，他们因无法达到老师的要求而放弃练习，久而久之造成恶性循环，身体素质更得不到应有的锻炼，体质也会越来越差；多鼓励和帮助。体育差生完成每一次的练习都比一般学生困难，付出更多，但完成效果却往往不够理想，教师不能因为他们完成技术动作不理想或掌握动作慢而批评他们，而应肯定他们的努力，多给予鼓励，淡化因挫折带来的心理压力，对他们取得点滴进步要及时表扬，使他们感受到老师的尊重和期待。同学之间的互帮互教，体育差生比较容易接受，因而要在班里开展互帮互教活动，发动技术好又热心的学生对差生进行一帮一活动，它不受时间限制，可在轻松愉快的气氛中学习，更重要的是使差生感受集体的温暖，消除自卑感，练习效果往往较好。（4）采取多元化评价，使学生获得成功感。体育课程评价是确定体育课程目标，合理确定教学内容，判断体育课程价值的重要依据。现行的评价方法基本上采用终结性评价，以学生的运动成绩作为体育成绩的主要依据。这种评价方式不能体现以学生为本。部分基础好的学生不通过努力就能达到合格要求甚至优秀，而一部分基础差的学生即使自己很努力也不能及格。这种只重结果的评价方式和标准，严重地挫伤了一部分学生的积极性。因此，必须采取多元化的课程评价，将传统的体育成绩评价改为综合性评价。评价要反映学生的态度、生理、体能、知识和技能状态，将体育学习的结果评价与体育学习过程结合起来，将课内教学和课外体育活动结合起来，强调学生成绩提高的幅度和上课的认真程度，要对学生的体育能力、学习行为、表现、体育参与程度、锻炼后的技能变化、合作和交往等多方面进行综合评价。3. 成功体育教学效果。（1）学习成绩明显提高。由于成功体育教学在实施过程中，通过让学生不断体验成功，使学生对体育学习充满了信心，学习动力得到提升，积极性和主动性得到提高，进而把学习变为自觉行动，养成了经常锻炼的习惯，促进了体育成绩明显提高，身心素质进一步增强，技术技能日趋熟练。（2）成功体育教学的开展，活跃了课堂教学气氛，营造了更加宽松的学习环境，激发了学生的学习积极性和动力。原来不愿意上体育课的学生现在也主动参与体育课学习，这是因为成功体育教学使他们可以在体育课中得到乐趣，体验了成功的喜悦，提高了身心素质和运动能力，掌握了运动技能，促进了健康成长，养成了良好的运动习惯，为终身体育奠定了良好基础。随着阳光体育活动的深入开展，高职体育通过改革取得了长足进步。成功体育教学己在教学中取得良好的效果，也受到广大师生欢迎和认可。但成功体育教学还处在探究阶段，有待在今后的教学工作中继续努力研究，使之不断完善，形成普遍推广的成功体育教学模式，能给每位学生带来欢乐和成功，使他们都健康成长。参考文献：1刘海元，袁国英.关于开展阳光体育运动若干问题的探讨J.体育学刊，2007，（7）.2郝俊.特色争先，让学生沐浴阳光体育的健康和快乐J.中国学校体育，2011，（1）.3王月华.开展全国亿万学生阳光体育运动的认识与思考J.上海体育学院学报，2007，（11）.4何珍文等.建设和谐社会与构建和谐体育J.体育文化导刊，2011，（3）.The development of higher vocational education and the characteristics of successful sportsThe meaning and characteristics, successful physical teaching1 successful physical teaching meaning. Higher vocational education is an important part of school education, to cultivate comprehensive talents in twenty-first Century, service, service for lifelong education, pay attention to the implementation of successful physical education is particularly important. Therefore, to change the teaching idea and method, to improve the quality of physical education, the study of how to implement successfully in the teaching of physical education is of great significance to improve the students comprehensive quality. The so-called successful physical teaching is to develop the students potential and to promote the development of students physical education teachers are teaching, combined with the actual situation of students, creating a successful sports opportunities, help students acquire and gradually form a process of education in their pursuit of success.Characteristics of 2 successful physical teaching. The success of physical education should enable every student to obtain successful experience in physical education, improve and change through the teaching idea, method, create the chance of success to students, to obtain the experience of success and happiness, thus forming a kind of education to pursue success of the process. Successful experience is not only to pursue happiness and happy, more important is in the pursuit of success, through fear of hardships and dangers, constantly overcome setbacks and failures, to cultivate students strong, confident, brave and tenacious fighting spirit. The ultimate goal of success is let the students continue to forge ahead, and constantly enterprising ability.Two, successful physical teaching practice1 clear the students, arouse the students motivation. Success requires motivation, learning is the same reason. Mining learning motivation is key to the successful implementation of PE teaching. To meet the needs of students, to stimulate students motive. Each students starting point, needs are not the same, both age differences, and differences in personality. Educational research has found: students learning needs are often in one of four states: one is the physiological need, by learning to meet the needs on the senses; two is the communication needs, through a variety of games and sports teaching competition to promote mutual exchanges between students, create a harmonious environment; the three is the development needs, in sports teaching students to master certain sports skills and sports theory knowledge, good physical exercise, lay a good foundation for lifelong sport, but also for the future social achievements and lay a solid foundation; four is the dedication, through learning, to master the skills, for others, for the collective, to national contribution strength, put your needs into others, serve the society. Therefore, teachers should be in a different environment, different time, according to the students learning motivation to stimulate students, let the students to pursue their own success.2 to create favorable conditions and scenarios, let students experience success.(1) to provide students the opportunity to express themselves. The opportunity to express themselves is that every student desire. Therefore, teachers should be in the sports teaching to make full use of every opportunity, combining with the reality of the students, to create a learning environment, so that every student can realize the desire, the play to their talent, and give the affirmation and appreciation. So students can through self expression to obtain the experience of success, success is the biggest motivation of students learning, success will also enhance the students confidence.(2) lowering of standards and requirements for students to experience success. Student learning is a gradual process, start learning not to set too high standards and requirements. Standard and requirement of high students not only the experience of success, but also easy to undermine the confidence of the students. For example, in the high jump teaching, according to the students needs, determine the jump height, students skip their desired height, can obtain the experience of success; in the mens 1000 meters and the womens 800 meters in the teaching, to get a student test scores as the standard, their students improve even progress. In this way, students practice one can improve a, that a successful, so that students continue to success from the success of. The students learning enthusiasm will continue to rise, to learn more is confident. Study results will become better and better, and will continuously improve the quality of.(3), teach students in accordance with their aptitude distinction to make every student to succeed. The students individual difference, physical quality, sports ability will have certain differences, in this case, practice should use the following methods of teaching. The hierarchical grouping method of teaching. Can be used in practical teaching: grouping, according to sports scores and ability grouping by sex, age group and other forms, successful teaching students according to the actual situation, make different students can feel the greatest pleasure of success; the lower the