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Exercise 1PART V READING COMPREHENSION In this section there are several reading passages followed by twenty questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.TEXT A Transgenic technology has made certain contributions to enhancing agricultural productivity. By manipulating and crossing the genes of certain species of plants, crops can be healthier, bigger, cleaner and tastier-but the result is frankenfood,” products made from thesemodified plants. Since the United States began to grow gene-modified plants on a large scale in 1996, gene-modified foods have spread throughout the world at an amazing speed. According to a recent survey, the total area devoted worldwide to gene-modified crops increased from 1.7 million hectares in 1996 to 58.67 million hectares in 2002. About 80 percent of this total was planted with gene-modified beans and corns. China has grown gene-modified crops on an area of more than 67,000 hectares and approved to spread six varieties of these crops, including gene-modified tomatoes and rapes. Gene-modified potatoes and peppers have also debuted on the market. Transgenic technology has been applied for growing cotton reached 1.5 million hectares, accounting for one-third of the countrys total cotton output. Beginning on March 20, 2002, China carried out a new provision on management of transgenic agricultural products that the products processed with gene-modified materials must be labelled. On July 1, 2002 the Ministry of Health also issued measures on management of gene-modified food, by which, foods containing modified genes must be labelled. Recently, however, 14 brands of edible oil processed with gene-modified beans found on store shelves had no gene-modified labels. The producers were asked to stop selling the oils and have their products labeled within a limited time. As some people still doubt the safety of frankenfoods, producers do not like to label them, worried about a drop in sales.81. Frankenfood refers to A. the plants whose genes are manipulated and crossed B. the crops developed with transgenic technology C. food that is healthier, cleaner and tastier D. food made from gene-modified plants82. Which of the following statements is true? A. The supply of gene-modified materials has grown in China.B. The Chinese agriculture largely depends on the transgenic technology. C. So far, the transgenic technology has been applied to six varieties of crops.D. Chinese scientists developed the first gene-modified potato in 2002.83. According to the Ministry of Health in China, A. Since March 20, 2002, all products processed with gene-modified materials have been labelled B. Since March 20, 2002, all products processed with gene-modified materials must be labelledC. Since July 1, 2002, oil made of transgenic beans must be labelled D. Since July 1. 2002, clothes made of transgenic cotton must be labeled84, The best title for the passage is A. Gene-Modified Crops: New Threat B. Gene-Modified Crops: Fear of Frankenfood C. Gene-Modified Crops: Pleasant Prospect D. Gene-Modified Crops: Labelled in ChinaTEXT B To understand the perspective of third world people it is necessary to understand living conditions and economic conditions in these countries. About one billion people in the third world have only a $20 increase in total income over the last ten years. Sixty-two percent are illiterate; their average life expectancy is fifty years, with an infant mortality rate eight times as high as ours. One out of every two people in these countries is underfed. During the next two decades the world will become four times wealthier but the gap between the rich and poor nations is unlikely to change. According to Professor Ann Carter of Brandies University the annual per capita incomes in North America will increase by the turn of the century to around $25,000 while poor citizens of the third world will struggle to survive on $300 a year. Today the poorest 30 % of humanity have 3 % of the income. The top 20 % has 66%. Most third world countries depend on one or two primary commodities like rubber, sisal or jute, tropical crops like tea, coffee or bananas, and mineral like copper, tin and aluminum for 50%90% of their earnings. The prices of these commodities are unstable, being controlled by the worlds commodities exchanges in Chicago, New York and London. As a result the Western countries buy something like $30 billion worth of third world countries raw materials, process them, and sell them on the world market for $200 billion. The difference is the value added and the jobs created in the so-called rich countries of Europe, Canada, United States, Japan, and Australia. Obviously, the answer is for the third world countries to process their own raw materials into finished products and keep that extra $170 billion.85. Which statement is NOT true about the poor people in the third world? A. Most of them are illiterates. B. Their income only increases by $20 yearly;. C. The infant mortality rate is high. D. Half of them are underfed.86. What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A. Some people in the third world have no access to education. B. Some people in the third world lack health care. C. Some people in the third world expect sufficient food supply. D. Some people in the third world live in extreme poverty.87. Why are the prices of commodities from third world countries unstable? A. Their number in production is too large. B. Their quality is unstable, C. Their prices are controlled by the worlds commodity exchanges in the developed countries. D. Their competitors from Chicago, New York and London offer better price.88. The solution to poverty in the third world proposed by the author is to A. sell more raw materials to the developed countries B. stop selling raw materials to the developed countries C. find more job opportunities in the developed countries D. keep the added value and increased employment to themselves89. The authors overall attitude toward the economic relation between the developed and developing countries is A. critical B. uninterested C. sympathetic D. pleasedTEXT C Like the environmental movement, the animal-protection movement is not a monolith. Through thousands of competing groups, two strains of animal activism can be noted. On the one hand, dating back to the 1800s, there is the anti-cruelty or animal welfare drive. Traditionally, this strain appealed to human sympathy, kindness, morality-we the powerful humans should not make poor animals suffer. The second strain-animal rights-was started in 1975 when philosopher Peter Singer published Animal Liberation. Singer rejects the Western and Judeo-Christian view that humans are superior to their fellow animals by virtue of a God-given soul. All animals are equal, he proclaims, to believe and to act otherwise is speciest just as treating women as inferior to men is sexist. Singer argues that animals can suffer, and therefore their suffering must be given equal weight with human interests. Singer writes: I believe that our present attitudes to these beings are based on a long history of prejudice and discrimination. I argue that there can be no reason-except the selfish desire to preserve the privileges of the superior grouts-for refusing to extend the basic principle of equality of consideration to members of other species. Applying the belief (which is to live morally in Singers view) requires opposing meat-eating, fur-wearing, animal experimentation and more. It means a revolution in human habits.90. By saying the animal-protection movement is not a monolith, the writer means A. there are many strains of animal activism B. thousand of groups of animal activism are competing with each other C. the animal-protection movement has come into being for a long time D. the animal-protection movement is supported by many people91. What does the word speciest mean? A. A person who thinks of men as superior to women. B. A person who thinks of the white as superior to the black. C. A person who thinks of men as superior to animals. D. A veteninary.92. To fulfill the principle all animals are equal, human beings should A. be vegetarians B. wear furs C. do experiments with white hog D. get rid of their bad habitsTEXT D There are twenty-eight percent of America s medical hills are of life during the last year. Until our era the vast majority of Americans died at home. Today 80 percent die in hospitals. An estimated 10,000 Americans are being sustained in what doctors call persistent vegetative state. Maintaining life in an ICU (intensive care unit) costs a minimum of $100,000 dollars annually. Thats roughly 1 billion dollars per year to keep heartbeats present in the forever coma. In the survival time of terminally iii patients, there is no difference between home care and hospital care in the cost. Companionship and care of relatives, the comfort of a familiar environment, the security of religion, and medicine to relieve pain could equal or exceed hospital care during a patients last days. Almost all these patients have made it clear that they would prefer a quiet, dignified death. Yet to extend life a few more days, terminal patients are kept on life support systems, spending more than a person can normally expect to save in a lifetime. In Holland, where Voluntary euthanasia is a practical choice for the terminally ill, one out of six chooses it rather than face a tortured, painful death. Is this not strange? In this country it is not normal to support a terminally ill patients right to a dignified death and a doctor would be considered negligent if he or she failed to make every effort to keep the person alive a few more days-even if it costs tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars. At the same time, there is no adequately functioning mechanism for calling this same doctor to account when improper treatments causes death in a healthy individual who could otherwise have lived for many more years.93. Whats the main idea of the first paragraph? A. The medical expense increased a lot last year. B. Cost of maintaining life is growing. C. Lots of people die in hospital. D. Lots of people are in coma.94. What does the underlined this in the last paragraph mean? A. In the U.S. euthanasia is widely accepted. B. In the U.S. euthanasia is accepted by many people. C. In the U.S. euthanasia is not widely supported. D. In the U.S. euthanasia is rejected by all the people.95. In the writers opinion, what is the most important? A. To reduce the cost of dying. B. To keep dying patients alive for a few more days. C. To accept euthanasia. D. Guarantee the health of healthy people.96. In developing his point, the author does not make use of _ A. analogy B. example C. contrast D. statisticsTEXT E The U.S. is becoming a nation of badly educated, ill-informed fools. You have heard of the alarming statistics already. Whatever the cause, its time for fresh thinking and new approaches. My own preference is for Waldorf education. My 18-year-old son, Leif, attended a Waldorf school in Lexington, Massachusetts, from nursery school through eighth grade. Waldorf schools emphasize the arts, nature, and spiritual values; keep their students with the same teacher for all of grammar school, teach knitting, geometry, and the recorder to six years old; do not teach kids how to read or do math until theyre at least seven years old; and generally turn out young people who get into the colleges of their choice, but more importantly are well prepared for life. The Waldorf School movement is rapidly expanding, with more than 500 schools across the globe. There are public schools in Switzerland that base their curriculums on Waldorf School principles, and this is beginning to happen in Sweden as well. Waldorf Schools are opening this fall in Moscow, Romania, and Germany, and a teacher training school will open soon in Hungary, where the movement is exploding. The board of education in Milwaukee recently passed a resolution to open a Waldorf school system by fall 1991. I hope Milwaukee welcomes Waldorf into the public school system, and I hope this form of education becomes the basis of public school curriculums throughout the United States. Paid I hope it happens soon.97. What does the author mean by saying The U.S. is becoming a nation of badly educated, ill-informed fools? A. There is no good teacher in the U. S. B. People in the U.S. are reluctant to go to school. C. People in the U.S. have few accesses to information. D. The methodology of education in the U.S. needs reforming.98. Why does the author mention his son? A. To introduce the. Waldorf education. B. To convince people with personal experiences. C. To give an example of the success of Waldorf education. D. To illustrate the failure of the education in the U. S.99. Which st