英语人教版八年级下册现在完成时的用法.doc

Unit 10 Ive had this bike for three years一、教学背景分析 （一） 教材分析：本课为八年级语法课，在已经复习完动词一般现在时，一般过去时基础上，进行动词时态中最重要的现在完成时学习。 （二） 学情分析： 学生学习英语以来，生活中对语法接触较少。在前阶段的语法复习中能够看出来学生的对于语法项目遗忘程度比较严重。而现在完成时在考试中UNIT的地位较高，是单选的每年必考的项目，所以针对学生的现状和考试的要求，所以对于现在完成时得掌握尤为重要。 二、教学设计 （一）教学目标 ：1. Knowledge Aims: a. The Structure of Present Perfect Tense. b. The usage of Present Perfect Tense. 2. Ability Aims:a. Enable students to use the correct Present Perfect Tense in their writing and speaking. b. Enable students to use the right words in Present Perfect Tense. 3.Feelings and Attitude: a. Let students know the importance of English grammar. b. Try to build up the students confidence in themselves . c. Encourage students to speak English in public. （二）教学重点难点 ：1. let the students understand the usages of present perfect tense. 2. The differences between past simple tense and present perfect tense. 3. Help students use present perfect tense with verbs to describe events which happen at a particular point in time and to describe events that can continue over a period of time （三）教学工具 ：A computer, a projector, blackboard, chalks （四）教学流程： Step1:Lead-in Let students think about one poem about the winter. Besides the teacher will give some hints and play a song about it. Then the students say out the poem “ 如果冬天来了，春天还会远吗？” The teacher encourages the students to translate it. Then show the correct answer of it, “If winter has already come, can spring be far behind?” Let students think about the main sentence structure of it especially the red words. Step2: New Lesson 1. After reading that sentence, ask students to conclude the structures of Present Perfect Tense according to that poem. 1).肯定句：主语+助动词has/have+动词的过去分词 2).否定句：主语+助动词has/have+not+动词的过去分词 3).疑问句：助动词has/have+主语+动词的过去分词 2.Definition of Present Perfect Tense 表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果，它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系。常用的时间状语有already（已经）, yet（已经）, ever（曾经）, never（从不）, just（刚刚）, before（以前），since（自从）， for（长达）， so far （到目前为止），up to now （到目前为止），recently（近 来）. 3. Play the flash (a pig and his mom), and tell students to recall the main usages of this tense. Q: The story happens in the past, but the pig and his mom use present perfect tense to describe it. Can you tell me the reason? Draw a time line on the blackboard. Step3: Role-play A teacher and a student practice one conversation first. -Teacher: John, clean your teeth please -John: I have already(已经) cleaned them. Then let students practice the other three dialogues. 1.wash your hands - have washed them 2.study for your English test - have studied for it 3.visited your grandpa - have visited him Step4: The usage of present perfect tense 1). Usage1: 强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常用状语有：already, yet, never, ever, just, before . E.g.1. I have just cleaned my hands. E.g.2. I have lost my wallet. E.g.3. I have already finished my homework. I am free. Show the following sentences and have students summarize the difference between thepastsimpletenseandpresentperfecttense.E.g.1.Hehasalreadyreadthatbook.(说明他现在知道那本书的内容)E.g.2.Hereadthatbooklastyear.(只说明他去年读过那本书)E.g.3.HehasgonetoAmerica.(他现在不在此地,在美国)E.g.4.HewenttoAmericaeightweeksago.(只说明他去过美国)summary：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在情况无关，常用时间状语为yesterday,lastyear,inthepast等，而现在完成时与现在有关。showtwopicturesandguidestudentstodescribethemwithpresentperfecttense.E.g.1.Hehasjustlosthisjob.E.g.2.Shehasjustgottheletter.2).Usage2:表动作或状态已开始，持续到现在，可能还会继续进行下去，常用时间状语since+时间段ago/时间点/从句,for+时间段,sincethen,eversince,sofar,uptonow.E.g.1.Ihavelivedheresince2003.E.g.2.IhavestudiedEnglishforsevenyears.E.g.3.Uptothepresenteverythinghasbeensuccessful.E.g.4.Hehasstayedheresince5hoursago.Step5:Practices(fororsince)1. Wehaventseeneachother_alongtime.2. HisfatherhasbeenintheParty_10 yearsago.3. Thefilmhasbeenon_20minutes.4. MrGreenhasworkedhere_hecametoChina.5. Hisgrandparentshavebeendead_severalyears.6.Itsfiveyears_wemetlasttime.Step6:ThedifferencesbetweenThePastTenseandPresentPerfectTense.1.相同点：现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情2.不同点：（1）现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）(2)一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。Step7:SummaryStepStep8:Test一.现在完成时的构成：1.肯定句：2.否定句：3.疑问句：二.现在完成时常用的时间状语（至少五个）.三.选择题.1.I_thatbookyet.A.haventreadB.havereadC.read2.Tom_Englishfor5years.A.havelearnedB.learnedC.haslearned三、课后反思本节课的教学内容多，难度大。在45分钟里，既要让学生理解相关知识点，