数据中心热点解决方案

Solutions for hot spot in data center 数据中心 热点 解决方案 Chen Yunshui 陈云水 Airsys Refrigeration Engineering Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. 阿尔西制冷工程技术 (北京 )有限公司 AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. Really? 真实情况是什么？ Is the hot problem really so serious ? 热问题真的如此严重吗？ AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. 内容 数据中心热密度发展史 数据中心高热密度实际状况 “热点”与“热区”的概念 热点与热区应区别对待 1 热点形成的原因 当前热点解决方案及其缺点 2 3 4 5 6 高热密度到底有多高？ 热问题并不是“高热密度” ONSPOT热点空调机 ONSPOT 热点空调机的类型 总结 7 8 9 10 11 AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. CONTENTS History of high heat density of data center Real status of over heat in data center Concept of “hot spot” & “hot area” Different treatments for hot spot and hot area 1 Why hot spot? Current solutions and shortages 2 3 4 5 6 How high is the “high heat density” Main problem is not high heat density ON SPOT AIR CONDITIONER Types of ONSPOT unit Summary 7 8 9 10 11 AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. 数据中心高热密度解决方案历史 从 2000年前后开始，由于数据中心电子设备发热量快速增加，不断有人提出数据中心高热密度问题。越来越多的解决方案也被提出来。同时随着互联网技术的发展，数据中心的规模越来越大，发热量也越来越大，因此，所谓的 “ 热问题 ” 也越来越严重。参见下图。 The history of high heat density of data center AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. 数据中心热密度发展趋势 Really so high density? 热密度真的这么高吗？ Heat density trends in data center equipments AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. 90% of data center: Over heat existed Very cold at the same time After a lot of survey to the data center 数据中心实际过热情况 Real status of over heat in data center 经过大量调查： 90%以上数据中心存在过热 然而，同时感觉到 非常冷 AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. Hot spot： the hot space formed by several cabinets with overheat Hot area: the hot space formed by more cabinets with overheat 热点：由少数几个过热机柜形成的范围较小的偏热区域 热区：由较多相互靠近的过热机柜形成的范围较大的偏热区域 “热点”与“热区”概念 Hot spot Hot area Concept of “hot spot” & “hot area” AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. HOT SPOT HOT AREA 热点 热区 热点和热区应区别对待 Different treatments for hot spot and hot area Most of the current solutions for hot problem in data center is actually prepared for “hot area”, even be prepared for the whole data center room-A lot of energy waste. 目前，大多数数据中心热问题的解决方案实示上都是为“热区”而设计的，甚至是为整个机房而设计的 -这会造成大量能源浪费 Because: Hot spot is different with Hot area 因为“热点”不等于“热区” Shortage of existing solutions 现有方案的缺点 Big investment, quantity of working amount, long project working duration, high energy consumption 投资高，工作量大，项目周期长，能量消耗多 Reason: No good solutions for hot spot 源于： 缺少良好的热点解决方案 AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. Why hot spot? 为什么会出现热点？ Bad air distribution Electr. devices not even installed in cabinet Peak load of equipment 气流组织不好 机柜内部结构不当或元器件分布不均 设备高峰负荷集中 制冷能力不足不是主要原因 The insufficient cooling capacity is not the main cause. Detail followed 详见后面 AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. Actually not the in-sufficient cooling capacity of PAC Due to: 1 Cold air can not be reached to hot place Slow air supply speed Obstacle material in the way of air supply air High air flow resistance in the way of air supply Low air supply pressure Place of supply air grill is not correct Air volume is not matched with the load of server cabinet Bad air distribution 机房气流组织不好 出现热点，并不是因为机房空调机的制冷量不足 是因为 : 1 冷风不能送到热点位置或热点位置冷风量不足 送风速度过低 送风通路上有阻碍物 送风通路上空气阻力过高 送风风压不足 送风格栅的位置不合适 送风量与机柜的热负荷不匹配 AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. 机柜内电子元器件不均匀 Lower density of E. devices Higher density of E. devices Electr. devices not even installed in cabinet AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. Peak load of equipment 通信高峰 Peak communication When it is at the peak time of communication, the heat generated by server is high because of too much calculation 在通信高峰时段，服务器会产生更多的热量，因为此时的计算工作量大 AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. Internal structure of cabinet 设备内部结构 Too many devices in the cabinet Un-even distribution of devices Un-even heat load of devices Insufficient air volume capacity of internal fans High devices density Insufficient air flow 机柜内部元器件太多 元器件分布不均匀 各元器件负载不一致 机柜内部风机风量不足 AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. Current solutions and shortages 当前方案及缺点 Reduce the temp. of data center Install more air cons. Disperse the heat load 降低数据中心机房温度 新增机房专用空调机 分散过热机柜的负载 AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. 常规机房控制温度为 : 24 经常被降低到： 20 -18 或更低 机房温度降低 1 ，空调机的制冷效率会降低 2 3%，甚至更多。同时，其制冷量会降低 3 5%，不但如此，这还会引起空调机不必要的除温和加温。 如果机柜内部进一步过热，这种方法就不可行了。因为机房温度过低时，空调机制冷盘管会结霜 降低机房的温度 容易 方便 但不节能 机房控制温度EER 能效比24 机房温度降低 能耗增加 20 AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. Normal control temp. of DC: 24 It is often be reduced to 20 or 18 or even lower by administrator of DC When the room temp. is reduced by 1 ， the cooling efficient of air conditioner will be reduced by 2-3% or even more, and at the same time, the cooling capacity of AC will reduce by 3-5%, furthermore, there will be more un-necessary humidifying and dehumidifying. If the over heat of cabinet goes worse, this way will not work, because the control temp. of DC can not be reduced furthermore due to frozen on the coil of Air con. Reduce the temp. of data center Easy Convenient But energy waste Control temp. ofDC EERNormal cntrl. Temp. Ccntrl. Temp. for hot DC Power consumption at 24 Power consumption at 20 Control temp. decreasing Energy consumption increasing AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. Install more air cons. 添加空调机 Anyway, this will lead to a big investment. 这种方法的投资很高 ,还不一定能解决问题 Some user think about simply that the over heat is come from insufficient capacity of air conditioner, so, install more air conditioner for the data center. In some cases, it works when the air conditioner is installed at a good position and the cold air can be supplied hot position. Many cases, it does not work well. 某些用户简单认为出现过热是因为空调机冷量不足，所以就添加空调机。 某些情况下，当空调机的安装位置合适、冷风可以直接送达过热位置时，这种方法有效。 AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. 将负荷分散 当某个机柜出现过热时，有经验的用户会将该机柜内部的设备分开安装到其它发热量较小的机柜 这种方式很有效，不过，有较大的拆、装工作量 当相关元器件不能分散、必须安装在一个机柜内部时，这种方法就不能使用了。 AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. Disperse the heat load The devices with higher heat load is centralized in 1 cabinet The devices with higher heat load is dispersed to many cabinets When there is a cabinet over heated, the experienced user will dispense the heat load to many cabinets, that is to say: move the electronic devices in the over heated cabinet to over cabinet with low heat load. This methods works, but, there are a lot of labor works for dismantling, assembling and related expenses. More, some time, this methods could not be carried out, because some times, all the components or servers must be installed at a same cabinet for the needs of management. AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. 出现过热现象时，机房管理人员会同相关专业人员商量。有经验的设计师、安装人员在现场考察之后，会推荐这个方案。 应该说，这是一种好的方案。调整空调机的位置、调整气流分布后，问题可以解决。 优化空调机的安装位置 相关工作和费用 : 重新安装风管、水管、制冷剂管路 重新接线、调试 注意事项 : 费用仍较高 较长的施工周期 某些时候，此方案不可行。 AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. When there exists hot spot, the administrator of DC will consult with air conditioning supplier. The experienced designers, installation peoples will put forward this solution to user after surveying to the data center. It should be confirmed that this is a good solution. The air flow distribution can be improved and the over heat can be eliminated by this method. Works and expenses: Re-piping for air duct, water pipe, refrigerant pipes Issues: Higher expenses Long installation engineering duration May not be possible to carry out some times. Optimize the installation position of AC AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. Accurate air supply or return 精确送风或回风 This is a very direct solution: Make the cold air from AC directly be supplied to the hot position or hot air returned from hot position. Issues and considerations: Air pressure of AC should be high enough, if not so, a fan in air duct is needed. (this is the most cases) No backup of AC High investment Need big space for air duct installation 这是一种非常直接的方案 : 将冷风直接从空调机的出风口送到过热位置或者将过热位置的热空气抽走到不过热位置 注意事项 : 空调机的风压必须足够，必要时在风管上安装风机（一般都需要） 要注意空调机有停机的时候 投资高 风管安装的工作量大，空间占用多 AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. Build new machine room 新建机房 This is an extreme way but also popular one. Many un-necessary new machine is built up because of heat problem. According to our viewpoint, most of the cases, the new machine room is not necessary to build. Except that there is another big reason besides of hot problem. 这是极端的做法，却也是比较普遍的做法。因为热问题而兴建了许多不必要的新机房。 根据我们的观点，多数情况下，这些新机房是不需要建造的。除非有其它热点问题之外的大原因。 AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. How high is the “high heat density” (1) 热密度到底有多高？ 0246810121416182022普通机柜N o r m a l c a b i n e t高热机柜H i g h h e a t d e n s i t yc a b i n e t超高热机柜S u p e r h i g h d e n s i t yc a b i n e t过热机柜O v e r h e a t e d c a b i n e t机柜发热量Cabinetheatload(kW)Overheated cabinet = High heat density cabinet + Super high density cabinet 所谓过热机柜是指高热机柜以及超高热机柜 AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. How high is the “high heat density” (2)热密度到底有多高 超高热机柜 Super high density cabinet 5% 高热机柜 High density cabinet 95% We should pay more attention to the “ high density cabinet. We should use different treatments for high density and super high density cabinet. 由于高热机柜占大多数，所以，我们应将更多的注意力放在高热机柜，并且对超高热机柜与高热机柜采用不同的处理方法。 AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. 主要问题并不是高热密度 热点 高热密度 我们所谈论的高热密度只是一个表面现象，并不是真正原因。 真正的问题是“热点” 实际之中，我们大多情况下谈论的所谓“高热密度”问题实际上是“热点”问题。 关键原因 AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. Main problem is not high heat density Hot spot High density High heat density is a superficial phenomena, not the real cause The real issue is the “hot spot” Mostly, what we talked is actually the hot spot problem. Key cause Root cause AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. An air conditioner specially designed for hot spot in data center. Cause of hot spot Type of hot spot Air distribution or organization Feature Easy use Easy install Small dimensions Light weight Flexible Plug & play The most simplified and correct ways to solve hot problem in data center 这是解决数据中心热问题的最简单直接和最正确的方法 HOT SPOT ON SPOT ON SPOT 热点空调机 这是为数据中心热点而特别设计的空调机 热点形成的原因 热点的类型 气流分布和组织 产品特点 容易使用 容易安装 尺寸小 重量轻 灵活 即插即用 ON SPOT AIR CONDITIONER AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. 机柜的进风由 ONSPOT预冷到 14 16 ，这样机柜的出风就降低到 28 30 。这样机柜的过热现象就消除了。 Working philosophy of ON SPOT 工作原理 过热机柜的进出风温度 当过热机柜进风口安装 ONSPOT 空调机时 冷凝热以较高速度送到不过热的地方 Cabinet Cabinet AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. The entering air is pre-cooled to 14-16 , so, the leaving air temp. is reduced to 28-30 and the over heat of the cabinet is removed. Working philosophy of ON SPOT 工作原理 Entering and leaving air temp. of over heated cabinet An ONSPOT air conditioner is installed in front of an over heated cabinet. Condensation heat is blow to a place far away from hot spot Cabinet Cabinet AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. 客厅空 调 室 内 机冰箱空 调 室 外 机客厅 分体空调室内机 冰箱 分体空调室外机 以客厅中的冰箱为例 : 在客厅中安装了一台分体式空调机与一台冰箱 分体机制冷量： 5200W 冰箱热负荷： 100W,约为空调机制冷量的 2% 1个常规小型数据中心的面积约为：150m2 其总热负荷为： 120kW 一般情况下会配置： 180kW制冷量的机房专用空调机 ONSPOT 工作时的热负荷为： 1.1kW 如果有 5个热点 ,安装 5台 ONSPOT，则其总热负荷为： 5.5kW,只有机房空调机总制冷量的 3.3%。 如果增加到 10个热点，使用 10台热点空调机，也只引起 11kW的热负荷，占空调机制冷量的 6.6%。 由于 ONSPOT并不是连续运行，其实际总热负荷较低，只有上述计算值的 70%左右。 由此可见， ONSPOT工作时的热负荷可以忽略不计 实际上，我们使用其它方法消除热点时，所引起的附加热负荷比 ONSPOT均要高一些。 ONSPOT 空调机增加机房热负荷吗？ AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. 客厅空 调 室 内 机冰箱空 调 室 外 机Living room Indoor unit of split AC Refrigerator Outdoor unit of split AC You may ask: The ONSPOT air conditioner is installed inside data center, Does the ONSPOT air conditioner increases the heat load to data center? Or will it make more over heat? No. Need not to think about this issue. For example: The living room with a split air conditioner and a refrigerator The average cooling capacity of Split AC: 5200W The average heat load of refrigerator: 100W, around 2% of cooling capacity of split AC. Lets compare with ONSPOT in data center A normal small data center: 150m2 with 120 kW heating load and 180kW precision AC. The heating load of an ONSPOT is 1.1kW If there is 5 hot spots, we will use 5 ONSPOT units, the total heating load is 5.5kw, which is 3% of total cooling capacity of PAC. If there is 10 hot spots, we will use 10 ONSPOT units, the total heating load is 11kw, which is 6% of total cooling capacity of PAC. Because the ONSPOT will not be running continuesly, the total heating load of ONSPOT will be lower than above calculation, around 70%. Besides, if you use other methods to remove the hot spot, it may produce more heat load to the data center. Please refer to the relative white papers of Airsys. Does ONSPOT increases the heat load to DC? AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. 许多用户采用降低机房温度的办法来解决热点问题。然而这种方法会导致高能耗。如果使用 ONSPOT机组，不但不需要降低机房的温度，还可以升高机房的温度，从而节约大量的空调电能消耗。 Many users will decrease the room air temp. in data center if there is a hot spot. But this will lead to a higher energy consumption, because when air temperature goes down, the cooling efficiency of air conditioner will goes up. If you use ONSPOT units, you will not only need not to decrease the room temperature, but also increase the room temperature, say: 28 ， and get 10% around energy saved ONSPOT 节能 ONSPOT SAVES ENERGY 8 5 . 0 %9 0 . 0 %9 5 . 0 %1 0 0 . 0 %1 0 5 . 0 %1 1 0 . 0 %20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28房间温度 R o o m t e m p . ( )能耗比例EnergyconsumptionrationEnergy consumption ratio curve 能耗比例曲线 名义工作点 Nominal working point AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. Many users will decrease the room air temp. in data center if there is a hot spot. But this will lead to a higher energy consumption, because when air temperature goes down, the cooling efficiency of air conditioner will goes up. If you use ONSPOT units, you will not only need not to decrease the room temperature, but also increase the room temperature, say: 28 ， and get 10% around energy saved ONSPOT SAVES ENERGY 8 5 . 0 %9 0 . 0 %9 5 . 0 %1 0 0 . 0 %1 0 5 . 0 %1 1 0 . 0 %20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28房间温度 R o o m t e m p . ( )能耗比例EnergyconsumptionrationEnergy consumption ratio curve Nominal working point AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. 应在数据中心机房配备数台 ONSPOT产品，出现热点时，将热点空调机移到热点位置，接上电源，热点就消除了， 就像灭火器一样 。 Several ONSP