倍数表达法和比较等级.doc

一 倍数表达法是历届高考的热点。当我们要表达甲是乙的几倍时，通常可使用以下句型：1. 倍数 + as + 形容词或副词的原级 + as + 其他。这种结构又常演变成下列两类：倍数 + as + many + 可数名词复数 + as；倍数 + as +much + 不可数名词 + as。如：There are seven times as many people as I expected.是我预料的人数的七倍。There is five times as much coffee in this glass as in that one.这个杯子里的咖啡是那个杯子里的五倍。2. 倍数 + 形容词（或副词）的比较级 + than + 其他。如：The hall is five times bigger than our classroom. 这个大厅的面积比我们教室大五倍。3. 倍数 + the size / height / length / width. etc. + of + 其他。如：This road is six times the length of that one. 这条路是那条路的六倍长。4. 计量名词 + of + 名词 + be +倍数 + that + of + 其他。如：The size of the newly broadened square is four times that of the previous one. 新扩建的广场为以前的四倍大。5. 倍数+what从句。如：The production is now three times what it was ten years ago.现在的产量是十年前的三倍。6. 倍数 + more + 名词 + than +其他。如：There are nine times more books in his bag than in yours.他书包里的书比你书包里的书多九倍。7. 其他表达。如：Shes twice/ double my age. 她的年龄是我的两倍。The average income of the staff has been increased by 50 percent compared with last year. 与去年相比，该单位职工的收入已增加了50%。He runs faster than me by three times. 他跑得比我快三倍。【考查方向】1)倍数在句中的位置一般放在第一个as前面或比较级前面或名词前面。2)用times表示倍数时，一般只限于表示包括基数在内的三倍或三倍以上的数。表示两倍可以用twice或double，一倍用once。二、重要的比较结构用法归纳1. asas 结构。该结构的意思是“与一样”，其间应接形容词原级，不能用比较级或最高级。如：He is as tall as his father. 他与他父亲一样高。He is as busy as before. 他还是像以前那样忙。在否定句中第一个as也可换成 so，其意为“不如”：He is not as so tall as his father. 他不如他父亲高。He is not as so busy as before. 他不像以前那样忙。2. more and more与 the more, the more：前者表示“越来越”，后者表示“越，越”。如：Our country is getting more and more powerful. 我们国家越来越强大。The more we get together, the happier we will be. 人聚得越多，我们越快活。3. more than 与less than：前者“(指数量)多于”、“不只是”、“非常”等，后者表示“少于”、“比少”。如：Ive known him for more than 10 years. 我已认识他10多年了。He is more than a father to her. 他待她胜过父亲。She was more than kind to us. 她对我们很友好。It cost me less than 10 pounds. 我买它没要上10英镑。She eats less than she should. 她吃得比她应该吃的少。4. more than 与 lessthan：前者表示“比多，比更”，后者表示“比少，不如”。如：He has more books than me. 他的书比我多。He is more careful than the others. 他比其他人更仔细。I got less money than the others did. 我比别人得到的钱少。注：两者均可表示“与其不如”，但词序不同。如：He is less a teacher than an expert. / He is more an expert than a teacher. / He is not so much a teacher as an expert. 与其说他是老师，不如说他是专家。5. “no+比较级+than”结构：这类结构的实际意思是对待比较的两个对象进行否定，相当于该原级形容词或副词使用asas结构的意思。如no better than = as bad as，意为“与一样不好”，no faster than = as slow as，意为“与一样不快”，no taller than = as short as，意为“与一样不高”等。6. no more than与not more than：两者均可表示数量，前者表示“仅仅”、“只有”(= only)，强调少；而后者表示“不多于”、“至多”(= at most)。如：It is no more than five miles to the station. 去车站只有5英里。It is not more than five miles to the station. 去车站最多5英里。二、使用比较等级的三点注意1. 使用比较等级的基本原则：不作比较用原级，两者比较用比较级，多者比较用最高级。如：He is very tall. 他很高。(尽管“很高”，但没有比较，故用原级)He is very short, but taller than me. 他很矮，但比我高。Among the three short girls, Mary is the tallest. 在这三个矮姑娘中，玛丽是最高的。2. 不能使用双重比较等级：即构成比较级时不能既在词尾加 -er，又在其前加 more；构成最高级时不能既在词尾加-est，又在其前加 most。如：误：His English is more better than mine. 正：His English is much better than mine. 他的英语比我的英语好多了。虽不能说more better, most earliest 之类的，但可用“比较级+and+比较级”这样的形式：Its getting warmer and warmer. 天气越来越暖和了。The city is becoming more and more beautiful.这个城市变得越来越美丽了。3. 使用比较等级要合乎逻辑。请看下面两道题：(1) Her music is more beautiful than _.A. meB. youC. usD. his此题应选 D，其中的his=his music。因为从逻辑上说，应该是her music与his music作比较，而不是her music与me, you, us比较。(2) China is larger than _ country in Asia.A. anyB. otherC. any otherD. any others此题应选C，因为China也在Asia范围内，所以应在any后加上other，以排除自己比自己大的不合理逻辑。典型陷阱题分析1. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _ voice.A. a betterB. a bestC. the betterD. the best 【陷阱】容易误选D，认为最高级前要用定冠词。【分析】其实此题最佳答案为A，该句可视为I have never heard a better voice than her voice 之省略，全句句意为“她唱得多好啊！我从未听过她这么好的声音”。请再看以下类似的实例：He is fine, never better. 他很好，比以往任何时候都好。This bird is really lovely. Ive never seen a finer one. 这只鸟真可爱，我从未见过这样好看的鸟。比较以下试题，情形也大致相同：(1) “Ive never found a better job.” “_.”A. I dont think soB. Too badC. CongratulationsD. Dont worry答案选C，Ive never found a better job可视为 Ive never found a better job than this job 之省略，句意为：我从来没有找到比这份工作更好的工作，即这是我所找到的最好的工作。(2) “What do you think of the service here?” “Oh, _. We couldnt have found a better place.”A. too badB. sorryC. wonderfulD. impossible答案选 C。We couldnt have found a better place 可视为We couldnt have found a better place than this place，其意为“我们不可能找到一个比这个地方更好的地方”，即“这是我们所能找到的最好的地方”。(3) Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _IQ.A. a high B. a higherC. the higher D. the highest答案选B，句意为“我怀疑班上有没有哪个人比他智商更高”，即“我认为他可能是班上智商最高的”。(4) . How cold it is! Weve never had _ this winter.A. the colder day B. a cold dayC. the coldest day D. a colder day答案选D。句意为“今年冬天我们还从未遇上过这样冷的日子”。2. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _ known for his plays. A. the bestB. moreC. betterD. the most【陷阱】容易误选D。【分析】此题首先不宜选B或D，因为 well known 的比较级和最高级通常是 better known和best known，有时也可以是 more well known 和 most well known，但通常不能是 more known 和 most known。至于是选A还是C，这就要看语境。由于句中涉及的只有 stories 和 plays 两个对象，故应选比较级。3. You are _ careful than your brother. You two cant do the work that needs care and skill. A. not more B. no moreC. not less D. no less【陷阱】容易误选A。【分析】要做对此题，首先要正确理解以下结构的含义：not more than = 不如no more than = 和一样不 (否定两者)not less than = 不如不 (即指不如 less 后形容词的反面)no less than = 和一样 (肯定两者)比较以下各句的意思：You are more careful than he is. 你比他仔细。You are not more careful than he is. 你不如他仔细。You are no more careful than he is. 你和他一样不仔细。You are less careful than he is. 你不如他仔细（你比他粗心）。You are not less careful than he is. 你比他仔细（你不如他粗心）。You are no less careful than he is. 你和他一样仔细。通过以上分析，再结合句子语境，可知此题最佳答案为B。4. “Oh, how fat he is!” “But I think he is _ than fat.”A. shortB. shorter C. more shortD. shortest【陷阱】容易误选B。认为 short为单音节形容词，故用-er构成比较级。【分析】其实正确答案应是C。要弄清此问题，得先从比较句型的两种不同类型说起：(1) 异类同质比较：即指两个不同的人或事物(异类)在同一方面(同质)进行比较。如：My room is smaller than yours. 我的房间比你的小。Our country is more powerful than theirs. 我们的国家比他们的国家更强大。(2) 同类异质比较：即指同一个人或事物(同类)在两个不同的方面(异质)进行比较，这类句子常译为“(更多的)是，而不是”、“与其不如”等。如：He was more lucky than clever.他是靠运气而不是靠聪明。She was mare surprised than angry. 她感到更多的是惊讶而不是生气。This is more a war movie than a western. 这更应当说是一部战争片，而不是西部片。按英语习惯，在进行同类异质比较时，只能用more构成比较级，不能用-er形式，即使是单音节词也是如此。 精编陷阱题训练1. In my apartment there are two rooms, _ (较大的一个被用作) a living room. （use）2. “Are you satisfied with his answer?” “Not at all. It couldnt have been _(糟糕).” (bad)3. Im _（差些） at sums than Jean, but better at history. （bad）4. We _ (本不该选择比这再糟糕的了) day for the picnic it rained nonstop. (pick)5. I know this is not quite the right word, but I cant be bothered to_(想到更好的了). (think )6. Did you enjoy yourself at the party?Sorry to say I didnt. It was _ (更像是) a meeting than a party . （like）7. When they arrived at the school it was raining _. (甚至更大) (hard)8. With the development of the Internet, _ (人们通过日常邮件交流更少了) （do, communication）9. If there were no examinations, we should have _ (更加快乐的时光) at school. （time） 10. This dress is prettier, but it costs _（两倍）that one. （as）11 At a rough estimate, Nigeria is _ _(大两倍) Great Britain. 12 What a table! Ive never seen such a thing before. It is _(不到宽度的一半) it is long. 13 Americans _（今天平均每人吃两倍多蔬菜）as they did in 1910. 14. How interesting the film is! Ive never seen _（比这更有趣的电影了）. (one)15. The football match is disappointing. It _（不能再糟了）. (can)16. He can eat _（两倍的冰激淋）as I do. (ice cream)17. The temperature of Wuhan is _（比广州高得多）. (high)18. New Zealand is mainly made up of two islands, _（其中较大的一个）is the South Island. (large)19. The more I know him, _（我越不喜欢他）. (like)20 This rope