Part VI. Twentieth Century Literature (II) After WWII.doc

Part VI. Twentieth Century Literature (II) After WWIII. Fill inthe blanks.1. The publication of Robert Lowell s Life Studies marked the coming of the age of _ , which represents a new mode of perception and a way of writing.2. In poetry, Postmodernism strives to go against the vogue of_ poem and its parent style, _ of the previous decades.3. One distinct group of poets in the postwar period is_ , whose poetry seems to share common features such as ruthless, excruciating self-analysis of ones own background and heritage, ones own most private desires and fantasies etc. , and the urgent Ill-tell-it-all-to-you impulse.4. _ is the spokesman of postwar Beat Generation in American literary history.5. Gary Snyder has been placed next to Allen Ginsberg among the Beat Generation. He seems to think that the job of the poet is to catch sight of_ , which resides nowhere but in_ .6. Gary Snyder may be didactic, but he has a_ vision.7. The poets who are labeled by David Perkins Against Civilization are_ , _ and_ .8. One of the things that the New York School did, for a while in the 1960s, was their experiment with_ .9. _ was noted for the I do this I do that types of poems. In these poems , he tells in a flat tone the little things he did on just one or any of the days in his life. The readers feel bored through most of the reading process, but feel well rewarded often by a surprise in wait for them, one that is not, however, always apparent.10. The Black Mountain Poets are so called because these poets are associated with _, or with_ .11. Charles Olson, the leading figure of the Black Mountain Poets, is well-known for his essay_ .12. Robert Duncans ideas on poetry include his views of poetry as_ and of language with its regenerative possibilities to_ .13. The post-World War D period wasn t a peaceful one for America. The life of the 1950s was poisoned at the root by_ , and that of the sixties enriched by_ . Whereas_ weighted all the time on the consciousness of the people, life was complicated by violence, political or racial, including the assassination of_ and _.14. Ihab Hassan has noticed the variety of postwar fiction. His categories include_, _ , _ , _ , _ , and satire and novel of manner.15. The achievements that have been made by postwar novelists in original narrative techniques include Saul Bellows_ Norman Mailers_ , and John Barth s brilliant _ .16. The experimental feature of The Naked and the Dead merits attention. In it, Norman Mailer wedges _ and _ into otherwise normal narrative.17. J. D. Salinger is probably best known for his novel _ .18. John Cheever has written some of the finest short stories, and he wrote mainly about the_ people.19. Two of the best-known southern writers during the 1950s are_ and _.20. _ by William Styron is a true story told in the form of fiction.21. In the 1960s and 1970s, traditional novels were inadequate in presenting life. _ was the first to announce the death of traditional novel, and that traditional novelistic resources have been exhausted.22. After the 1960s, the new experience gave a vigorous impetus to _ writing. Postmodernism made a huge stride forward.23. Writers like Emest Hemingway and William Faulkner tried to represent the absurdity theme in_ novelistic devices, while the writers in the 1960s regard the conventional novel as_ .24. One of the notable transformations that occurred in novel writing was what has become to be known as _ , a form of writing about fiction in the form of fiction. It is a style of _ that tries to tell the readers that fiction is fiction and is not an illusion of realist as the realists have tried to deceive the readers into believing.25. In the postwar period, _ , _ and _ have been largely synonymous with experimental.26. Joseph Hellers_ is one of the most famous novels dealing with the subject of absurdity in typical obscure techniques.27. Kurt Vonneguts_ focuses particularly on the absurdity of life and man s modern diseases of schizophrenia.28. Ken Keseys masterpiece, _ amplifies, in its comic exaggeration, the plight of man being dehumanized.29. Gravitys Rainbow by_ has won the National Book Award.30. Jack Kerouac s experimental writing style is known as _ , which enabled him to enjoy a freedom from accepted rules and limitations in writing.31. Vladimir Nabokovs works are noted for their characterization and the bafflingmetamorphosis of their plots. _ and_ are two good examples.32. The American writers of the 1950s often used the psychological insights taken from the writing of Sigmund_ and his followers.33. The 1950s American writers often used the narrative techniques derived from William_ .II. Make multiple choices.1. One major characteristic of postwar poetry is its diversity. Which of the following terms belong to this period?A. the Black Mountain PoetsB. Waste Land PaintersC. Poets of the Beat GenerationD. Poets of the San Francisco RenaissanceE. Poets of the New York School2. Robert Lowells famous Skunk Hour was written in response to Armadillo , which was written by_ .A. Thomas Stearns Eliot B. Richard WilburC. Elizabeth Bishop D. Marianne Moore3. Among these poets, choose the ones belonging to the Confessional School.A. Theodore Roethke B. John BerrymanC. Ann Sexton D. Sylvia PlathE. Robert Lowell4. Choose the books of verse written by Silvia Plath.A. A Winter Ship B.The Colossus and Other PoemsC. Ariel D. Crystal Gazer and Other PoemsE. Life Studies5. The so-called New York School includes the poets_ .A. Robert Bly B. Frank OHaraC. Kenneth Koch D. John AshberryE. James Schuyler6. _ is probably the most obscure of contemporary American poets. The reader can understand the surface meaning quite well; it is the undercurrent of meaning that his verbal structure embodies.A. John Ashberry B. Fran OHaraC. Robert Bly D. Kenneth Koch7. A. R. Ammons belongs to_ .A. the New York School B. the Meditative PoetsC. the Black Mountain Poets D. the Confessional Poets8. Which of the following poetic works were written by Denise Levertov?A. Here and NowB. The Jacobs LadderC. The Double ImageD. With the Eyes and the Back of Our HeadsE. The Sorrow Dance9. The American fiction after the 1960s is noted for_ .A. nonfiction B. science fictionC. black and absurd humor D. parody and popE. experimental novelistic techniques10. Which of the following novels is NOT written by Saul Bellow?A. The Dangling Man B. HerzogC. The Naked and the Dead D. Mr. Sammler s Planet11. Which of the following novels are written by Norman Mailer?A. The Naked and the Dead B. The Armies of the NightC. Ancient Evening D. Tough Guys Dont DanceE. Harlots Ghost12. The title of J. D. Salingers novel The Catcher in the Rye comes from_ poem if a body catch a body coming from the rye.A. William Wordsworth B. William BlackC. Alfred Tennyson D. Robert Burns13. Another Jewish novelist besides Saul Bellow is Bernard Malamud. His novels include_ .A. The Natural B. The AssistantC. The Dangling Man D. A New LifeE. The Fixer14. John Updike is best known for his Rabbit pentalogy, namely _ .A. Rabbit, Run B. Rabbit RedeuxC. Rabbit Is Rich D. Rabbit at RestE. Licks of Love15. There are a Gothic element and an obvious absurdist tendency in Flannery OConnors works. These include_ .A. Wise Blood B. A Good Man Is Hard to FindC. Lie Down in Darkness D. The Violent Bear It Away16. The novel of postmodernism after the 1960s includes_ .A. the absurd B. metafictionC. avant-gardism D. the sentimental17. The characteristics of avant-garde novels are_ .A. a breakaway from the normal novelistic conventionsB. having little or no story interestC. dull, not satisfyingD. offensive to middlebrow tasteE. often not readable18. Choose among the following novels written by John Barth.A. The Sot-Weed FactorB. Giles Goat-BoyC. One Flew over the Cuckoo s NestD. Slaughterhouse-Five19. William Burroughs and Jack Kerouac belong toA. the Confessional School B. the Black Mountain PoetsC. novelists of absurdity D. the Beat WritersIII. Identify and analyze these poems.Poem 1: Skunk HourNautilus Island s hermitheiress still lives through winter in her Spartan cottage;her sheep still graze above the sea.Her son s a bishop. Her farmeris first selectman in our village,shes in her dotage.Thirsting forthe hierarchic privacyof Queen Victorias century,she buys up allthe eyesores facing her shore,and lets them fall.The season s illwe ve lost our summer millionaire,who seemed to leap from an L. L. Beancatalogue. His nine-knot yawlwas auctioned off to lobstermen.A red fox stain covers Blue Hill.And now our fairydecorator brightens his shop for fall,his fishnet s filled with orange cork,orange, his cobblers bench and awl, there is no money in his work, he d rather marry.One dark night,my Tudor Ford climbed the hill s skull,I watched for love-cars. Lights turned down,they lay together, hull to hull,where the graveyard shelves on the town.My mind s not right.A car radio bleats,Love, O careless Love. I hearmy ill-spirit sob in each blood cell,as if my hand were at its throat.I myself am hell,nobody s hereonly skunks, that searchin the moonlight for a bite to eat.They march on their soles up Main Street:white stripes, moonstruck eyes red fireunder the chalk-dry and spar spireof the Trinitarian Church.I stand on topof our back steps and breathe the rich aira mother skunk with her column of kittens swills the garbage pailShe jabs her wedge-head in a cupof sour cream, drops her ostrich tail,and will not scare.Poem 2: DaddyYou do not do, you do not do Any more, black shoe In which I have lived like a foot For thirty years, poor and white, Barely daring to breathe or Achoo.Daddy, I have had to kill you. You died before I had time Marble-heavy, a bag full of God, Ghastly statue with one grey toe Big as a Frisco sealAnd a head in the freakish Atlantic Where it pours bean green over blue In the waters off beautiful Nauset. I used to pray to recover you. Ach, du.In the German tongue, in the Polish townScraped flat by the rollerOf wars, wars, wars.But the name of the town is common.My Polack friendSays there are a dozen or two. So I never could tell where you Put your foot, your root, I never could talk to you. The tongue stuck in my jaw.It stuck in a barb wire snare.Ich, ich, ich, ich,I could hardly speak.I thought every German was you.And the language obsceneAn engine, an engineChuffing me off like a Jew.A Jew to Dachau, Auschwitz, Belsen.I began to talk like a Jew.I think I may well be a Jew.The snows of the Tyrol, the clear beer of ViennaAre not very pure or true.With my gypsy ancestress and my weird luckAnd my Taroc pack and my Taroc packI may be a bit of a Jew.I have always been scared of you , With your Luftwaffe, your gobbledygoo. And your neat mustache And your Aryan eye, bright blue. Panzer-man, panzer-man, O YouNot God but a swastika So black no sky could squeak through. Every woman adores a Fascist, The boot in the face, the brute Brute heart of a brute like you.You stand at the blackboard, daddy,In the picture I have of you,A cleft in your chin instead of your footBut no less a devil for that, no not Any less the black man whoBit my pretty red heart in two. I was ten when they buried you. At twenty I tried to die And get back, back, back to you. I thought even the bones would do.But they pulled me out of the sack,And they stuck me together with glue.And then I knew what to do.I made a model of you,A man in black with a Meinkampf lookAnd a love of the rack and the screw.And I said I do, I do.So daddy, I m finally through.The black telephones off at the root,The voices just can t worm through.If I ve killed one man, I ve killed two The vampire who said he was you and drank my blood for a year, Seven years, if you want to know. Daddy, you can lie back now.There s a stake in your fat, black heart And the villagers never liked you. They are dancing and stamping on you. They always knew it was you. Daddy, daddy, you bastard, I m through.Poem 3: Her KindI have gone out, a possessed witch, haunting the black air, braver at night; dreaming evil, I have done my hitch over the plain houses, light by light: lonely thing, twelve-fingered, out of mind. A woman like that is not a woman, quite. I have been her kind.I have found the warm caves in the woods,filled them with skillets, carvings, shelves,closets, silks, innumerable goods;fixed the suppers for the worms and the elves:whining, rearranging the disaligned.A woman like that is misunderstood.I have been her kind.I have ridden in your cart, driver, waved my nude arms at villages going by, learning the last bright routes, survivor where your flames still bite my thigh and my ribs crack where your wheels wind. A woman like that is not ashamed to die. I have been her kind.Poem 4: Howl I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness, starving hysterical naked, dragging themselves through the negro streets at dawn looking for an angry fix, angelheaded hipsters burning for the ancient heavenly connection to the starry dynamo in the machinery of night, who poverty and tatters and hollow-eyed and high sat up smoking in the supernatural darkness of cold-water fiats doating across the tops of cities contemplating jazz, who bared their brains to Heaven under the El and saw Mohammedan angels staggering on tenement roofs illuminated, who passed through universities with radiant cool eyes hallucinating Arkansas and Blake-light tragedy among the scholars of war, who were, expe, lled from the academies for crazy & publishing obscene odes on the windows of the skull, who cowered in unshaven rooms in underwear, burning their money in wastebaskets and listening to the Terror through the wall, who got busted in their pubic beards returning through Laredo with a belt of marijuana