LINUX一些方法(基础).doc

ubunturoot1. rootUbuntusudo passwd rootrootroot2. root/etc/gdm/gdm.confroot AllowRootfalse AllowRoot=true gdm.conf sudo chmod 777 /etc/gdm/gdm.conf rootrootsudo passwd -l rootrootrootsudo -s -HPassword: linux renamelinuxrenamemvrenamemvmvmv path/oldfilename path/newfilenamemvmvrenamerenameman renameNAMErename -Rename filesSYNOPSISrename from to file.DESCRIPTIONrename will rename the specified files by replacing the first occurrence of from in their name by to.For example, given the files foo1, ., foo9, foo10, ., foo278, the commandsrename foo foo0 foo?rename foo foo0 foo?will turn them into foo001, ., foo009, foo010, ., foo278.Andrename .htm .html *.htmwill fix the extension of your html files.renamerenamerename32rename? * charset charsetrenamefoo1, ., foo9, foo10, ., foo278rename foo foo0 foo?foo1foo9foo01foo09?4foofoo0rename foo foo0 foo?foo01foo99foo001foo099foo100?5foofoo0rename foo foo0 foo*foo001foo278foo0001foo0278*foofoofoo0charsetrename foo0 foo foo02*foo0200foo0278foo200foo278foo0fooLinux /binbinbinaryUNIXcplscat/bootLinux/devdevdeviceLinuxDOS.sysWin.vxdLinux/dev/hdaIDE/etc/homewang/home/wangwang/libWindows.dll/lost+foundDOS.chk/mnt/proc/root/sbinsSuper User/tmp/usr/usr/X11R6X-Window/usr/bin/usr/sbin/usr/docLinux/usr/includeLinux/usr/lib/usr/local/usr/usr/manmanLinux/usr/srcLinux/varusr/var/logJDKLINUXrootsudorootlinuxrootrootubunturoot1. JDKlinuxjdkjdk-6u7-linux-i586.bincdjdk-6u7-linux-i586.bin,sudo cp jdk-6u7-linux-i586.bin /usrjdk-6u7-linux-i586.bin/usr/usrcd /usrchmod +x jdk-6u7-linux-i586.bin./jdk-6u7-linux-i586.binrootsu root /usrjdk1.6.0_07jdk2. JDKjdkprofilevigeditorsudo vi /etc/profileumask 022:export JAVA_HOME=/usr/jdk1.6.0_07export JRE_HOME=/usr/jdk1.6.0_07/jreexport PATH=$PATH:/usr/jdk1.6.0_07/binexport CLASSPATH=./:/usr/jdk1.6.0_07/lib:/usr/jdk1.6.0_07/jre/lib,3. JDKTest.javapublic class Testpublic static void main(String args)System.out.println(Hello,Welcome to Linux World!);cdTest.java,javac Test.javajava TestHello,Welcome to Linux World!GCC GCC GMP MPFR MPC GCC GCCgmpmpfrmpcGCCtar -jxf ./mpfr-3.0.0.tar.bz2mv -v mpfr-3.0.0 mpfrtar -jxf ./gmp-5.0.1.tar.bz2mv -v gmp-5.0.1 gmptar -zxf ./mpc-0.8.2.tar.gzmv -v mpc-0.8.2 mpcGCCC/C+FORTRANJAVAOBJCADAccgccCCGCCRPMGCCGCCLinuxUnixGCCgccGCCGCCGCCuninstallGCC 4.1.2GCCGCCGCCGCC1. GCC(gcc-4.1.2)gcc-4.1.2.tar.gzgcc-4.1.2.tar.bz22. gcc-4.1.2.tar.bz2/usr/local/src(),% tar zxvf gcc-4.1.2.tar.gz% bzcat gcc-4.1.2.tar.bz2 | tar xvf -gcc-4.1.2$srcdir$srcdirpwd$srcdir/INSTALLGCCindex.html3. $objdirGCC$srcdir$srcdir /usr/local/gcc-build% mkdir /usr/local/gcc-build% cd gcc-build $objdir 4. GCC$destdir$destdir$objdir$srcdir$srcdirconfigure$destdir% $srcdir/configure -prefix=$destdir GCC 4.1.2/usr/local/gcc-4.1.2$destdir% ./src/gcc-4.1.2/configure -prefix=/usr/local/gcc-4.1.2 -enable-threads=posix-disable-checking -enable-long-long -with-system-zlib -enable-languages=c,c+,javaGCC/usr/local/gcc-4.1.2C/C+JAVAGCC5. % make6. $destdir% make installGCC 4.1.27. GCC 4.1.2gccg+$destdirbin libinclude7.1. gccg+gcjGCC 4.1.2gcc$destdir/binPATHGCCgcc% which gcc/usr/bin/gccgcc/usr/binGCC 4.1.2gccg+gcj/usr/bin% cd /usr/bin% ln -s $destdir/bin/gcc gcc412% ln -s $destdir/bin/g+ g+412% ln -s $destdir/bin/gcj gcj412gcc412g+412gcj412GCC 4.1.2gccg+gcjCC+JAVAGCCgccg+7.2. $destdir/libLD_LIBRARY_PATHGCC 4.1.2/usr/local/gcc-4.1.2Linux% export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/gcc-4.1.2/lib,$HOME/.bash_profileLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/gcc-4.1.2/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATHexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH% source $HOME/.bash_profile8. gcc412g+412CC+GCCsudoxxx is not in the sudoers file. This incident will be reported.XXXsudo/etc/sudoerssu root ,rootchmod u+w /etc/sudoers ()/etc/sudoersvim /etc/sudoers,i root ALL=(ALL) ALLxxx ALL=(ALL) ALL(xxx) Esc:wqchmod u-w /etc/sudoers(sudoers)sudoerssudoerssudoerssudoers# /etc/sudoers# This file MUST be edited with the visudo command as root.# See the sudoers man page for the details on how to write a sudoers file.#Defaults env_reset# Host alias specification# User alias specification# Cmnd alias specification# Defaults specification# User privilege specificationroot ALL=(ALL) ALL# Uncomment to allow people in group wheel to run all commands# %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL# Same thing without a password# %wheel ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL# Samples# %users ALL=/sbin/mount /cdrom,/sbin/umount /cdrom# %users localhost=/sbin/shutdown -h now#ubunturootvisudovisudosudoroot ALL=(ALL) ALLubuntu ALL=(ALL) ALLubunturootubuntusu rootubunturootubunturootAliasAlias4Host_AliasCmnd_AliasUser_AliasRunas_Alias1) Host_AliasHost_Alias HOST_FLAG = hostname1, hostname2, hostname32) Cmnd_AliasCmnd_Alias COMMAND_FLAG=cmd1,cmd2,cmd33) User_AliassudoUser_Alias USER_FLAG = user1, user2, user34) Runas_AliasrootoracleRunas_Alias RUNAS_FLAG = operator1, operator2, operator35) USER_FLAG HOST_FLAG=(RUNAS_FLAG) COMMAND_FLAGUSER_FLAG HOST_FLAG=(RUNAS_FLAG) NOPASSWD: COMMAND_FLAG# Host alias specificationHost_Alias EPG = , # User alias specification# Cmnd alias specificationCmnd_Alias SQUID = /opt/vtbin/squid_refresh, /sbin/service, /bin/rm# Defaults specification# User privilege specificationroot ALL=(ALL) ALLubuntu EPG=(ALL) NOPASSWD: SQUIDlinux/2.6.25F$cd $ wget /pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/linux-0.tar.bz2make ,gcc, make-kpkg,menuconfig/etc/apt/sources.list $sudo apt-get install build-essential kernel-package libncurses5-dev /usr/src,linuxlinuslinussrcwget$ cd $ mkdir src & tar jfx linux-0.tar.bz2 -C src/ /src/linux-01.5G$ cd /src/linux-0n$ sudo make mrproperconfigubuntudebiancp /boot/config-uname -r ./.config./.config.configlinux-0.configmake mrproperlinux-2.6.32make localmodconfig, MB: (), , iso., iso, .:make localmodconfigmenuconfig$sudo make menuconfigesc;,M*xconfig sudo aptitude install libqt3-headers libqt3-mt-dev libqt3-compat-headers libqt3-mt #xconfigmake xconfigLinux 2.6.19.x :config ./config20080630, .configubuntumake-kpkg,:$sudo make-kpkg clean #$ sudo make-kpkg -initrd -initrd -append-to-version=-dell1400 kernel_image kernel-headersdell1400.linux-headers-.-_i386.deblinux-image-.-i386.deb$ cd .$ sudo dpkg -i linux-image-tabtabtab$ sudo rebootnvidiaxwindowgdmnvidianvidialinux1General setupGeneral setupPrompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers4965alsaKernel log buffer size 15ia6416Control Group support Choose SLAB allocator (SLUB (Unqueued Allocator) slabslubslub2Block layerBlock layer2TBSupport for Large Block Devices Support for Large Single Files 2TB3Processor type and featuresProcessor type and featurescpuSymmetric multi-pr