英语同步练习题考试题试卷教案高二英语教案：高二英语下册要点讲解.doc

学而思教育学习改变命运 思考成就未来！ 高考网(下册)要点讲解(全套)高中英语第二册第13单元要点讲解1. go on with sth 继续 = go on doing sthBut Einstein stuck to his opinion and went on with his research. 但爱因斯坦坚持他的意见，继续不断地进行他的研究。Go on with your work until I come back.2. lead to 导致; 通向lead to相当于cause导致: I think it will lead to a good result. 我认为这事会有好结果的。result in也这个意思，如：My efforts resulted in nothing. 我的努力毫无结果。还有lead sb to do sth: What led you to take up acting as a career? 通向: This road leads to Chicago. All roads lead to Rome. 3. work out 算出; 解决; 制订They have worked out all the math problems by themselves. 他们已独立地将这些数学题目全部解出来了。The research centre worked out a new plan and decided to carry it out immediately. 研究中心拟订出一项新计划并决定立即实施。区分work on: She is working on this math problem. 她正在算这条数学题。4. stick to 坚持原则，计划If you stick to the truth, youve nothing to fear. 你要是坚持真理就可以无所畏惧。If you stick to the study of English, you will surely be able to master it. 如果你坚持不懈地学习英语,你一定会掌握它的。He will stick to her whatever happens. 不管发生什么事, 他都将忠实于她。insist on 也是坚持的意思,但是它多指坚持看法、作法、非要去做某事等: She insists on going out now. 她坚持现在就出去。5. take sides (in) 站在那一边，支持某人They didnt take sides in the quarrel. 他们没有参与吵架。take sides with sb. 同意某人，袒护某人: They took sides with their child. 他们袒护自己的孩子。还有be on sbs side (=agree with someone and support them): Im on your side. Whose side are you on?1. As a result, it appeared to scientists on earth that the stars had moved. 因此，在地球上的科学家看来，恒星好象是移动了。It appears/seems (to sb.)+that clause 句型的意思是“看来/似乎是”, 其中的it是形式主语, 真正的主语是后面的that 引起的从句。It appears to me that something is wrong. 我看好象有点不对头。It appears that there has been a change in the plans. 译: 她显得很疲劳。1. That fits the puzzle! 动词fit 这里表示“适合”“吻合” : The dress doesnt fit me. I am too thin. 这件衣服不适合我，我太瘦了。The music fits the words perfectly. 2. By the time he was fourteen years old, he had learned math all by himself. all by oneself = completely alone: 独自一人: I want to go over the world all by myself. 我想一个人游遍世界。Dave spent Christmas all by himself. 3. He found it hard to get along with the other boys.get along/on with sb. 意思是“与某人关系良好，和睦相处”。如：They dont get on at all with one another. 他们彼此极不和。 区分get along/on with sth. 取得进展：Im getting along(on) very fast with this job. 我的工作进展很快。译: 你的英语学得怎样？4. All through his life Einstein was content to spend most of his time alone.The teacher is not content with my work - I have to do it again. 教师不满意我的作业，我只好重做。Are you content to stay at home and watch TV? 你愿意呆在家里看电视吗？译: 不要满足于这样小的成功。5. Einstein received worldwide praise for his scientific research. 爱因斯坦的科学研究受到了世界范围的广泛赞扬。receive得到; 受到: They received a good education at school. 他们在学校里受到良好的教育。译: 我们受到了他们的热烈欢迎。6. Besides his work in physics, he spent a lot of time working for human rights and progress.besides和except这两个词都是“除了之外”，但区别很大。besides指“除.外, 另外还有”, 着重“另外还有”, except的含意是“从整体里减去一部分”, 因为“所说的道理或事实不能适用于那部分”, 着重于“排除在外”,如：I have five other books besides this. 除这本以外, 我还有五本别的书。We all went there except Xiao Li. 除了小李以外, 我们都到那儿去了。译: 1)除了牛奶和干酪外，我们还需要蔬菜。2)除了最后一个问题，所有的问题都容易。7. Einstein had always been fond of music and had learnt music as a young boy. 掌握be/grow fond of: He is fond of playing the piano. 他喜欢弹钢琴。Id grown fond of the place and it was difficult to leave. 译: 她很宠爱她的儿子。8. It was said that he found in music the peace which was missing in a world full of wars and killings. 据说，他在音乐中找到了在一个充满战争与杀戳的世界上所失去的和平。It is said.据说, It is reported.据报道。译: 据报上说，今年冬天将很冷。9. Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist. 这就是爱因斯坦，一个纯朴的人，一位20世纪最伟大的科学家。这里的such是个代词，放在句首时，后面的主谓语一定要倒装。如: Such is my wish.这就是我的愿望。Such were the stories he told me.10. He could also work out how far the stars would appear to have moved. 他还能把恒星看上去移动了的距离也计算出来。appear 强调外表上给人的印象，有时含有实质上并不如此的意思; seem暗示有一定根据的判断, 这种判断往往接近事实。He appears to know more than he really does. 他看起来好象懂得很多, 其实懂得没有那么多。He appeared unhappy. 他看起来好象不高兴。译: 她似乎是感冒了。11. What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world. what引起的主语从句，在结构上相当于一个名词加一个定语从句All that he wanted to see was 。What you need is more practice.你们所需要的是更多的练习。译: 剩下的归你。12. That is why Einstein and his family left Europe for the USA in 1933. 这就是爱因斯坦和他的家人于1933年离开欧洲去美国的原因。复习表语从句: The difficulty was how he could prove his ideas to other scientists. 困难在于怎样才能向其他科学家证实他的想法。13.掌握几个单词的用法: A fishbone stuck in my throat. 一根鱼刺刺在我喉头上。She stuck a stamp on to the envelope. 她在信封上贴上邮票。Dont stick your head out of the window. 不要把头伸出窗外。 The drug proved successful. 该药证明是成功的。Facts have proved that the creative power of the students knows no limits.事实证明学生的创造力是无穷的。 I am taking an English course. 我在学英语课程。We followed the course of the river. 我们沿着这条河的流向前进。The first course was soup. 第一道上的是汤。When he met Sally it changed the whole course of his life. He did not want himself to be ruled by others. 他不愿意自己受人控制。He makes it a rule to have his breakfast at seven. 他照例七点钟吃早饭。 He worked so well that he was soon advanced to the position of secretary. 他工作做得很好，不久被提升为秘书。If you want to get the book, you must pay for it in advance. 如果你要买这本书，你得先付款。This textbook is designed for advanced learners of English.高中英语第二册第14单元要点讲解1. so/as far as表示程度和范围，常与动词know, see, learn等搭配，“就而言”；“尽”，如：So far as I know, he will come here next Friday. 就我所知他将于下周五来这儿。As far as I can tell, the whole thing should cost about 500. 类似还有: as far as I can remember、As far as Im concerned等。He walked as far as the lake in the center of the park.他一直走到公园中心的湖边。注意区分so far 目前为至: He said he would telephone but we havent heard from him so far. 他说要打电话来，但我们到现在还没有关于他的音讯。2. in space 在太空 (in the universe) space 这个词表示宇宙空间时，前一般都不用冠词，下文的sendup into space、putinto space、collect information about space等，都是这种用法。 又space还有空地、余地的意思: Is there any space for another desk in the office?办公室里还有地方放一张桌子吗？How much space is there on the hard disk?3. dozens ofdozen是“一打，十二”的意思: a dozen eggs | half a dozen与数词连用时不加s, 如: I bought two dozen magazines. 我买了24本杂志。但是表示“数十，许多”的意思时，就要用dozens of : Dozens of students were praised at the meeting. 会上有数十个学生受到了表扬。Sarah is never lonely because she has dozens of friends. 萨拉从不感到孤独，因为她有许多朋友。They collected dozens and dozens of shells on the beach.4. carry out 实行；执行；进行 (put into practice)Weve carried out some experiments on the mice. 我们对老鼠做了一些实验。She carried out her promise. 她履行了自己的诺言。By the end of last month our factory had successfully carried out its production plan for this year. 到上月底，我们工厂已胜利完成了今年的生产计划。1. Personally, Id rather go to the Science Museum. d rather= would rather 宁愿。注意would rather后面接动词原形，would rather do something宁愿做: To be honest, Id rather have a quiet night in front of the TV. would rather not do something 宁愿不做.。如：Id rather not tell him the truth. 我宁愿告诉他真相。Which would you rather have, tea or coffee? 你喜欢喝茶; 还是咖啡? 注意: would rather 常常和than连用: would rather .than. 宁愿.而不., 如：Id rather play football than swim.我宁愿踢足球而不去游泳。would rather sb did sth: Wed rather you didnt smoke in our home.2. It must be very light, the lighter the better.复习句型: the more ., the more . 越, 越 如: The more he has, the more he wants. 他占有的越多，胃口越大。The more angry he became, the more she laughed at him. 他越生气，她就越笑他。The more difficult the questions are, the less likely I am to be able to answer them. 问题越困难，我就越不可能回答。3. There is a rocket motor on the satellite by which the direction of the satellite can be changed if necessary. 在卫星上还有一个火箭马达，必要时可以用它来改变卫星的方向。掌握介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。注意两点：1）介词+关系代词时，关系代词只能是whom 或者which，不能用who和that: The foreigner to whom you talked is my English teacher.跟你谈话的那个老外是我的英语老师。2）含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词不能提前放到关系代词的前面，而应该紧跟动词: This is the book which you are looking for. 不可说This is the book for which you are looking.1. I feel like going to a museum. feel like想、愿意，后接名词或动词-ing形式, 如：I felt like another glass of wine. | He didnt feel like going to work. I feel like having a cold. 我象是伤风了。It feels like rain. 好象要下雨。下面一句什么意思? They made me feel like one of the family. 译: 孩子们想吃冰淇淋。2. Theyve got a special exhibition on this month.have got on = have on, 有某种活动在进行(策划被安排在计划之内)。如Have you got anything on tomorrow? 明天你有什么活动吗？We have nothing on for this weekend. 这个周末我们没有什么计划。We have a dinner party on for tomorrow evening. 明天晚上我们打算参加晚宴。3. Once the satellite goes into its orbit round the earth, the panels are unfolded in order to catch the sunshine. 一旦卫星进入地球轨道，帆板就打开来吸收阳光。once conj. 一旦就, 如: Once you have made up your mind, you shouldnt change. 一旦你做了决定，就不应当改变。Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 见一次就永远不会忘记。Once you get into the habit of smoking, you wont be able to give it up easily. 一旦你抽烟上了瘾，你就不可能轻易戒掉了。译: 只要你显出害怕的样子，它就会向你攻击。4. It is therefore possible to say not only what the weather is like at present, but also what is likely to happen in the next day or two. likely强调“表面上看起来很可能”; 而probable则强调“权衡理由后相信会发生”，虽无法确定，但却极有可能发生; possible的发生的可能性极小。likely介于probable和possible之间。likely用作形容词，用于以下结构：1）主语+be+likely+不定式。如：Their team isnt likely to win.他们队不大可能赢。2）It is + likely +that从句。如：Its very likely that shell ring me tonight.很可能她今晚给我打电话。注意对话: “He said youd be giving them a lift.” “Not likely!” 译: 他们可能会对我们生气。5. Ships and planes can be warned so that they can keep out of the path of the hurricane.keep out of 躲开；置身于之外，如: Keep out of the sun. 避免日照。I hope youll keep him out of trouble while Im away. 我希望我走后别让他卷入麻烦中去。6. They can tell the difference between healthy plants and plants that are diseased. 它们还可以识别健康植物和患病植物之间的差异。tell the difference between A and B 相当于tell A from B。如：I cant tell the difference between red and green.意思就是：I cant tell red from green. 注意difference一些动宾搭配: The twins are so alike, its difficult to tell the difference. Weve had our differences in the past, but we get on OK now. It doesnt make any difference to me whether you go or stay.7. The problem with looking into space from the earth is that there is a lot of dust in the earths air.look into 观察，窥视, 如: I looked into the house but found nobody. 另外look into 还有“调查、研究”的意思, 如: The FBI promised to look into the matter.美国联邦调查局答应要调查这件事。8. 掌握direction与介词的搭配：Tom glanced in her direction and their eyes met. / As shots rang out, the crowd ran screaming in all directions. / She went off in the opposite direction. 她往相反的方向走了。We study English under his direction. 我们在他的指导下学习英语。译: 你准备往哪个方向走？向北还是向南？9. 掌握几个单词的用法: She mentioned to me that she had received your letter. 她曾向我提到过她收到了你的信。The teacher mentioned several useful books. 教师提到了几本有用的书。I am surprised that there is no mention of the accident in the newspaper. 我感到很奇怪，报纸上竟没有提到这次事故。掌握对话: Thanks for the ride home! Dont mention it. They have attempted a difficult task. 他们已经开始了一项艰难的工作。They attempted to finish the work within a month. 他们试图在一个月内完成这项工作。He made an attempt to pass the exam, but it was too difficult. 他试图通过考试，但考试太难了。This is my first attempt at English composition. 这是我第一次英语作文的尝试. The bridge connects the two sides of the river. 桥把河的两岸连接起来。These islands are connected by telegraph. 这些岛屿用电报联系。connect sb/sth with: They did not at first connect her with the crime. 他们开始的时候没有把她和犯罪联系起来。高中英语第二册第15单元要点讲解1. call on sb. 拜访; 去会见Ill call on you when I am in America. 我到美国后会去拜访你。 错: call you on (但call you up) 类似词组有：drop in on sb. ；pay sb a visit 对比: He called at every house in the street once a month. 又: call on sb to do sth 号召: The UN has called on both sides to observe the ceasefire. 联合国号召双方遵守停火协议。2. have a seat就座; 入座，请坐have a seat相当于短语sit down或take a seat。Some took seats and began working.有些人坐了下来，开始工作。take a seat 及sit down 既可用于直接引语，也可用于间接引语，但have a seat 只用于直接引语。I walked into the room and sat down ( took a seat ). 不能说: I walked into the room and had a seat. 3.pay a visit 参观pay a visit to sb/ some place访问某人/某地，The president will pay a friendly visit to Shanghai next week.4.in silence 沉默地; 一言不发地; 不声不响地in silence相当于silently：She watched him in silence. 她一言不发地看着他。He lay in bed, thinking in silence. 他躺在床上，静静地沉思着。类似地词组还有in peace平静地； in order 井然有序地； in surprise 吃惊地；译：父亲喜欢静静地听音乐。5again and again再三地；反复地等于over and over, 如: She said that sentence again and again. 她反复地说着那句话。 译：不要一再犯同样地错误了。1. Its time I went and picked up my little girl from school.It is time.后面的定语从句常用虚拟语气(过去时), 而主句中的动词则是现在时, 相当于 Its time for sb. to do sth. 如: It is high time (that) we left. 我们真该走了。译：现在是我们开会的时间了。2. Her uncle seemed to be acting rather strangely towards her. seem 加不定式的进行形式，表示动作(一直)在进行。She seems to be sleeping. 她看上去在睡觉。It seemed to be raining all day yesterday. 昨天似乎下了一整天雨。译：人群中似乎有几个人在打架。3. There is no doubt about it. 这是肯定无疑的。此句相当于“I have no doubt about it.”或“I am sure of it.”She is an honest girl. There is no doubt about it. 她是一诚实的女孩，这是肯定无疑的。doubt后还可跟that 引导的从句。There is no doubt that you will be warmly welcomed.1He is here on a visit from Guangzhou. on在这里是介词，表示“在从事之中，处于情况下”, 如: These officers are on leave.这些军官在休假。He went to Hong Kong on business. 他到香港出差去了。类似的短语还有: on fire着火; on show/exhibition在展出; on holiday在度假。2. Ive got some personal affairs that I have to see to. 我还有些个人的事得去料理一下。词组see to: 注意，留意；关照(to deal with something or do something for someone): Well have to see to that window - the glasss broken. You should get that tooth seen to by a dentist. Will you see to it that this letter gets mailed today?3. I meant to tell you yesterday, but you were not in the office.mean to do something本来，意欲, 如: What does he mean to do? 他想干什么？I meant to give you this book today, but I forgot. 在掌握几个mean句子: I mean what I say. 我说到做到。My friends mean a lot to me. 我的朋友对我来说非常重要。He means you no harm. 他无意伤害你。What do you mean by saying that? 译：我们本来是想早来的,但火车晚点了。4. Ill make a note of that. 我把它记下来。make a note of sth (= write something down so that you can look at it later): I made a note of her address and phone number. 5. I dare say my uncle will. dare既可以是情态动词,也可以做实义动词。情态动词: I dare not go there.我不敢去那儿。Dare you ask him? 你敢问他吗？实义动词: I dont dare to go there. Do you dare to ask him? 译：我不知道她是否敢试一试。6. I can see it fastened to a nail next to the hole in the wall, but it is not fastened to that wire. 我看到绳子是系在洞口旁边的钉子上，而不是系在那根铁丝上。词组: next to邻近: He lives in the house next to mine. 他住在我的隔壁。注意区分 see doing/done: I saw her opening the door. I saw the door opened. You can see a lot of problems settled in this way.7. The room had little furniture.Furniture是集合名词,不可数: a piece of furniture/ a lot of furniture 又如: This old Chinese square table is a very valuable piece of furniture. 这张旧的中国八仙桌是一件很珍贵的家具。8. There was also a gun and a thin piece of rope with the end tied in a circle. with+ n.+ed分词构成一个复合结构，其中的名词end 与过去分词tied在逻辑上有动宾关系。With his homework finished, he began to watch TV. 他做完了作业，就开始看电视。区分with+ n.+现在分词: With the boy leading the way, we had little difficulty in finding her house. 译：飓风过后，我看到了许多屋顶被刮掉了的房子。9. Dr Watson and I will spend the night locked in your room. 我和华生医生就锁在你的房间里过夜。locked过去分词短语作方式状语。He walked into the office, followed by two guards. 他走进办公室，后面跟了两个卫兵。译：那位老人由他儿子惨扶着站了起来。10.The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise.immediately 在这里用作连词，意思是 as soon as, 主要用于英国英语中。如: I came immediately I had finished my dinner. 我一吃完就来了。译：时钟一敲12点我就离开了。12. You were supposed to die like that. be supposed to 的意思是“应该；被期望”。 如: You are supposed to be here before 8:30 every day. 你应该每天八点半以前来这里。We were supposed to be here at eight. But we are late. 译：她本应该当一名医生。13.掌握几个单词的用法：Immediately Holmes jumped up from the bed and struck a match. strike在本句中做“擦(火柴)，点(火)”。strike还可作“打、敲、击；(灾害、疾病)突然袭击；（气味）扑鼻”的意思: He struck the man with a stick.他用棒子打那个人。A stone struck him on the head.一块石头击中了他的头部。Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。The clock has just struck four. 钟刚敲过四点。 A very big earthquake struck that country many years ago. An acid smell struck my nose.酸味扑鼻。I called to you that the conference has been delayed until the 15th and 16th. 掌握delay的用法: 拖延；耽搁 vi. (to wait until a later time to do something) He delayed (for) two hours and missed the train. 推迟(某事)” vt. (to make someone or something late) 后接名词或-ing分词, 如: We must delay our journey until the weather goes better. 我们务必推迟旅行，等天气好转再说。The plane was badly delayed by fog. 也可用作名词: Im sorry for the delay. The doctors operated on her without delay.过去分词作状语和定语Well known for his expert advice, he was able to help a great number of people with their personal affairs. 他在探案方面的足智多谋是广为人知的，他能够帮助许多人解决他们的私人事务。known for his expert advice这是一个过去分词短语，在句子中做状语，相当于：As he was well known for his expert advice. 过去分词短语用作状语，修饰谓语，可以表示原因，时间，条件，分别相当于一个表示原因，时间，条件的状语从句。如：Born into a poor family（= As he was born into a poor family,），he couldnt go to the school. 由于出生于贫苦家庭，他没能上学。Seen from space, the earth looks blue. 从太空望去，地球看上去是蓝色的。Led by the Party, the people have improved their living conditions greatly.Given more time, we could do it much better.过去分词作定语,多放在所修饰的名词之前,如：a lost child / fallen leaves / the changed conditions过去分词短语作定语，常放在所修饰的名词之后，如：the people trapped in the big fire / the languages spoken in Canada高中英语第二册第16单元要点讲解1. do well indo well in= be good at: 擅长于；做得好。He did well in the exam. 他考试考得好。 Hes doing well in the navy. 他在海军里干得很出色。2. make up ones mind下决心其中的mind为可数名词。 在make up ones mind的后面通常可跟不定式复合结构，when/ what/how to do等。如：He hasnt made up his mind when to start.他还没有决定什么时候出发。They made up their mind that they would buy a new house once Larry changed jobs. 译：是我们下决心的时候了。3. come up抬头；上升The sun has come up. 太阳以经升上来了。译: Why dont you come up to New York for the weekend? Come up to the front of the room so everyone can see you. The sun was coming up by the time I finished the duty. 4. make up 组成常用被动语态: The whole book is made up of these three stories.(= These three stories make up the whole book.) A machine is made up of many different parts. 机器是由许多不同的零件构成的。译： 上衣和裤子组成套装。5. on (the ) average 平均起来通常作状语: On average she receives 5 letters each day. The price of apples is about four yuan per kg on average. 苹果的价格平均每公斤4元左右。6. at