翻译技巧.doc

Translation: Theory and Practice英汉-汉英翻译：理论与实践Translation Theory：翻译理论1.What is your opinion on the importance of translation? 2.What is translation?3.How is translation generally categorized? Which categories are you familiar with?4.How do you understand Mr. Yans three-word guide “xin, da, ya”? Whats your opinion on the principles or criteria of translation?5.What are literal translation and free translation? And what principles should a translator abide by/obey in applying them?6. What do you know about translation techniques in general and scientific literature translation in particular?1.1 General Description of Translation翻译概论1.2 Limitation of Translatability翻译的可译性限度1.3 Literal Translation and Free Translation直译与意译1.3.1 Mechanical and servile Translation死译与硬译1.3.2 Unrestricted &uncontrolled Translation胡译与乱译1.4 Under-translation & Over-translation“欠额”与“超额”1.5 Misinterpretation &Mistranslation误释与误译1.6 Communicative Translation交际翻译1.7 Semantic Translation语义翻译2.Practical Translation skills2.1Diction词语选择（措辞）2.2 Correspondence at Word Level词语层对应2.3 Discriminate the Meaning of an English Word词义选择2.3.1 Judging from the Word Formation构词法判断词义2.3.2 Judging from the References根据相关词汇判断词义2.3.3 Judging from the Context and Collocation语境搭配 2.3.4 Different Branches of Learning and Specialties专业词2.3.5.Techniques in a Given English Word特殊词语翻译2.3.5.1 Deduction演绎法2.3.5.2 Transplant移植法2.3.5.3 Extension引申/词义扩大2.3.5.4 Substitution替代/假借法2.3.5.5 Explanation解释/阐述法2.3.5.6 Combination合译/缀合法2.3.5.7 Pictographic Translation形象翻译2.3.5.8 Transliteration音译法3. Amplification增益3.1 Amplification in E-C translation英译汉补词/增益3.1.2 Supplying Omitted Words to Convey the Original Meaning增补省略词3.1.3 Amplification by Supplying Necessary Connectives增补关联词3.1.4 Words to Convey the Concept to Plural Nouns复数名词增量词3.1.5 Supplying Words to make an Abstract Concept Clear增补抽象概念范畴词3.1.6 Amplification Dictated by Logic逻辑增词3.1.7 Amplification by Supplying Words of Generalization常识/归纳性增词3.1.8 Amplification for Purposes of Rhetoric or Coherence修辞增词法3.1.9 Amplification by Repetition重复增词3.2 Amplification in C-E translation汉译英补词/增益3.2.1 Amplifying by Adding Necessary Connectives增关联词3.2.2 Amplifying by Adding Necessary Pronouns增补代词3.2.3 Adding Background Information to Make the Version Clear背景性增补4. Omission省略4.1Omission of the Pronoun省略代词4.2 Omission of the Article省略冠词4.3 Omission of the Preposition省略介词4.4 Omission of the Conjunction省略连词4.5 Omission of the Verb省略动词4.6 Omission of the Impersonal Pronoun省略非人称代词It4.7 Omission to avoid unnecessary repetition省略重复词4.8 Omission for abstract nouns省略表抽象概念的名词5. Conversion词类转换5.1 Conversion into Verbs转换为动词5.1.2 Conversion of Prepositions into Verbs介词转换为动词5.1.3 Conversion of Adjectives into Verbs形容词转换为动词5.1.4 Conversion of Adverbs into Verbs副词转换为动词5.2 Conversion into Nouns转换为名词5.2.1 Conversion of Verbs into Nouns动词转换为名词5.2.2 Conversion of Adjectives into Nouns形容词转名词5.2.3 Conversion of Pronouns into Nouns代词转换为名词5.3 Conversion into Adjectives转换为形容词5.3.1 Conversion of Nouns into Adjectives名词转为形容词5.3.2 Conversion of Adverbs into Adjectives副词转形容词5.4 Conversion into Adverbs转换为副词 5.4.1 Conversion of Adjectives into Adverbs形容词转副词5.4.2 Conversion of Nouns and Verbs into Adverbs名词、动词转换为副词6.Restructuring重组/调整语序6.1 Different Sequences in Word-formation6.2 Different Sequences in Sentence Arrangement6.3 Adverbial Phrases6.4 Cases Involving an Adverbial6.5 That-clause as Judgment of Conclusion7. Passive Voice被动态的翻译7.1 Passive Voice Converted into Active Voice7.2 Passive Voice Converted into Subject-omitted Sentences7.3 Passive Voice Remaining Passive in Chinese7.4 Passive Voice Replaced by other Structures8. Affirmative vs Negative肯定与否定的翻译8.1 Affirmative in English, Negative in Chinese8.2 Negative in English, Affirmative in Chinese8.3 Same English Words, Either Affirmative or Negative in Chinese8.4 Double Negative for Emphasis in English8.5 Roundabout Way of Expressing the Affirmative in English（Mutual Translation of Affirmative and Negative）8.6 Some Traps in English Negative Structures9. Technical Terms技术名词9.1 Affixation缀合词9.2 Compounding合成词9.3 Blending合义词9.4 Acronyms缩略词9.5 Proper Nouns专有名词10.Subordinate clauses从句的翻译10.1 Nominal Clauses名词性从句的翻译10.1.1 Subjective Clauses10.1.2 Objective Clauses10.1.3 Predictive Clauses10.1.4 Appositive Clauses10.2 Attributive Clauses定语从句的翻译10.2.1 Restrictive Attributive Clauses10.2.2 Non-Restrictive Attributive Clauses10.2.3 Attributive Clauses Functioning as Adverbials10.3 Adverbial Clauses状语从句的翻译10.3.1 Adverbial Clauses of Time10.3.2 Adverbial Clauses of Place10.3.3 Adverbial Clauses of Cause10.3.4 Adverbial Clauses of Condition10.3.5 Adverbial Clauses of Concession10.3.6 Adverbial Clauses of Purpose11. Long Sentences长句子的翻译方法11.1 Long Sentences(a)长句子的翻译方法(1