一轮复习讲义1(M1U1-M1U3知识点).doc

一轮复习讲义1: M1U1- M1U3 知识点 _M1U1:1. 合计/加起来 add up;总计达/总共有add up to增加/增添(+抽象名词) add to; 此外in additionThe colorful balloons added to the atmosphere of the festival.彩色的气球增添了节日的氛围。2. 心烦意乱的(adj.); 使不安/使心烦/打翻(v.) upset过去式upset, 过去分词upset, 现在分词upsetting对感到不安/难过/心烦 be upset about/over/at sth.3. 不理睬/忽视(vt.) ignore4. (使)平静/(使)镇定(v.); 平静的/镇静的(adj.) calm(使)平静下来/ (使)镇静下来calm () down保持镇静keep calm/remain calm辨析: calm/quiet/silent/stillcalm (adj.) (天气/水/水面) 风平浪静; (人) 镇定自若quiet (adj.) (没噪音) 安静/寂静; (人) 性格温和/文静silent (adj.) 沉默/不发言/不说话; (人) 沉默无语still (adj.) 不动的;(人) 一动不动, (物) 静止不动5. 不得不/必须have got to6. (使)担忧/涉及/关系到(vt.); 担心/关注(n.) concern担心的/关注的(前);相关的/有关的(后)(adj.) concerned有关/关于(prep.) concerning相关当局the authorities concerned就我而言/对我来说as far as I am concerned关心/挂念 be concerned about与有关/涉及到 be concerned with参与 be concerned in7. go through 经历/经受; 穿过; 检查; 浏览8. 写下/记下/放下/让某人下车set down创建/搭起set up;把放在一边/省出set aside出发去某地set out for sp./ set off for sp.着手做某事set out to do sth./set about doing sth.9. 连续/系列(单复数同形)(n.) series一连串的/一系列/一套 a series of注意: series做主语时, 谓语动词的单复数根据series的单复数概念变化, 而不是根据 of后的名词变化。1) 一套演讲被安排好了。A series of lectures is scheduled.2) 两套演讲被安排好了。Two series of lectures are scheduled.10. 在户外/在野外(adv.) outdoors户外的/野外的(adj.) outdoor11. 故意on purpose/ by intention偶然地/意外地by accident/ by chance为了/目的是with/for the purpose of (doing) sth.为做出最后决定召开了一个会议。 A meeting washeld for the purpose of making a final decision.12. 为了(不)做 in order (not) to do sth.(句首/句中) so as (not) to do sth. (句中)为了 in order that+句子/ so that+句子13. 黄昏/傍晚(n.) dusk; 在黄昏时刻at dusk黎明/破晓at dawn; 从早到晚from dawn till dusk14. 面对面地(状语) face to face面对面的(定语) face- to-face15. 不再(时间/状态/距离) no longer/notany longer不再(程度/次数) no more/not any more他不再住这儿。He no longer lives here.时间一去不复返。Time lost will return no more.只要 so long as/ as long as16. 安家/定居/停留; 安排/解决(v.) settle定居下来/平静下来settle down在新居安顿下来/适应新环境(新工作) settle in着手认真做某事settle down to sth.17. 遭受/忍受/经历(vt. & vi.) suffer遭受/忍受(vt.) suffer (pain/coldness/hunger/damage)患病(vi.) suffer from (a headache/high blood pressure.)18. 痊愈/康复/重新获得(v.) recover从恢复过来recover from19. 对厌烦be/get tired of/ be fed up with因感到疲倦be/get tired from/with20. 捆扎/包装/打行李(v.); 小包(n.) pack将东西装箱打包pack (sth.) up21. 与人相处/事情进展 get along/on (well) with开始(做)某事 get down to (doing) sth.表达清楚/使被理解 get across克服/从(疾病/失败/震惊中)恢复过来 get over接通电话/通过考试/度过难关/设法完成 get through22. 与相爱/爱上 (动作) fall in love (with)与相爱(状态)(可与时间段连用) be in love (with)23. 不同意(vi.) disagree; 同意(vi.) agree不同意某人的观点disagree with sb.在某事上意见有分歧disagree on sth.24. 参加/加入 (活动) join in参加(活动)(发挥作用) take part in/ participate in加入(团体/组织/俱乐部) (成为其中一员) join和某人一起加入到中join sb. in (doing) sth.参加(会议/集会/仪式/典礼) (侧重出席) attend上学attend school;做礼拜attend church25. 遛狗walk the dog26. 松的/松开的/松散的(adj.) loose; (adv.) loosely27. 德国的(adj.);德语(n.) German; 德国(n.) Germany28. 打雷/雷鸣(v.); 雷/雷声(n.) thunder29. 整个的/完全的/全部的(adj.) entire; (adv.) entirely全然控制某人hold sb. entirely in ones power30. 能力/力量/权力(n.) power辨析: power/energy/strength/forcepower 职权/权力/能力; energy 精力/能量strength 力量/力气; force 自然力量/暴力/军队力量31. 窗帘/门帘/幕帘(n.) curtain32. 积满灰尘的(adj.) dusty; 灰尘(n.) dust33. 伙伴/合作者/合作人(n.) partner34. 公路/大路/高速公路(n.) highway35. 手提箱/衣箱(n.) suitcase36. 大衣/外套(n.) overcoat37. 十几岁的青少年(n.) teenager38. 确实如此/正是/确切地(adv.) exactly; (adj.) exact39. 感激的/表示谢意的(adj.) grateful因某事感激某人be grateful to sb. for sth.40. 不喜欢/厌恶(n. & v.) dislike不喜欢做某事dislike doing sth.41. 提示/技巧/小费(n.); 倾斜/翻倒(v.) tip42. 交换(v.) swap, swapped, swapped43. 项目/条款(n.) item44. 调查/测验(n.) survey45. get/have sth. done 让某事被做/花钱请人/遭遇让某人做某事(三do) have/let/make sb. do sth.(三to do) get/order/command sb. to do sth.使某人一直做某事have sb. doing sth.在我出去玩之前, 我必须先把作业做完。I must get my homework finished first before going out to play.46. 过去本该做某事而没做should have done sth.过去本不该做某事却做了shouldnt have done sth.过去本来能够做某事却没做could have done sth.过去没有必要做某事却做了neednt have done sth.一定是已经做了某事(过去或现在) must have done sth.1) 你不该买这么贵的玩具给他, 他只会把它们弄坏。You shouldnt have bought such expensive toys for him; he will simply break them.2) 本来他能够通过考试, 但他太粗心了。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.3) 你本不必浇那些花, 因为就要下雨了。 You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.4) 昨晚一定下雨了, 因为地面是湿的。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.47. 对狂热(表示状态) be crazy about对变得狂热(表示变化) become/grow crazy about48. 与相处有困难/同闹纠纷have trouble with sb.做某事有困难 have trouble with sth.have trouble in doing sth.做某事没有困难 have no trouble with sth. have no trouble in doing sth.M1U2:1. 因为/由于(+单词/短语) because of因为/由于(+句子) because2. 走近/上来/被提出/发芽 come up走近某人come up to sb.;提出某事come up with sth.偶遇/邂逅come across;快点/加油/得了吧come on出现/开花/被出版come out; 发生(无被动) come about实现某人的梦想make ones dream come trueachieve ones dream/realize ones dream注意: come up “被提出”, 主语是被提出的内容, 主动形式表被动意义, 无被动语态; come up with “提出”, 主语是动作的发出者, 后面宾语是被提出的内容。1) 事实上, 这个问题在上次会议上提出来了。Actually, the problem came up at the last meeting.3. 事实上(adv.) actually/in fact/as a matter of fact4. 以为根据(vt.); 基础/基部/基地(n.) base把A建立在B的基础上base A on BA是建立在B的基础上的A be based on B5. 现在/目前at present; 在场的人the people present当前的形势the present situation出席/在场be present (at); 缺席be absent (from)6. 充分利用make full use ofmake good use of/take full advantage ofmake the most of/make the best of(我们)应该充分利用每一分钟好好学习。We should make full use of every minute to study hard.Every minute should be made full use of to study hard.Full use should be made of every minute to study hard.7. 例如/像这样的such as没有这样的 no such + n. (+as)1) 我有许多爱好, 比如读书和唱歌。I have a lot of hobbies, such as reading and singing.2) 没有什么标准英语。There is no such thing as standard English.辨析: such as/for example/that is(namely)such as 列举同类人或物中的几个例子, 后不用逗号。for example 举同类人或物中的一个为例, 后用逗号。that is/namely “即/也就是说”, 列举所有内容。8. 命令/指令/掌握(n. & vt.) command精通 have a good command of听从某人吩咐at sb.s command/at the command of sb.在某人的指挥下under the command of sb.命令某人做某事command sb. to do sth.命令 command that sb. (should) do sth.9. 请求/要求(n. & vt.) request应的请求at sb.s request/at the request of sb.要求/请求某人做某事request sb. to do sth.向某人要求某物request sth. from sb.要求 request that sb. (should) do sth.10. 在中扮演角色/起作用play a part/role in扮演的角色play the part/role of积极参与take an active part in英语在日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用。English is playing an increasingly important part in our daily life.11. 辨认出/承认/公认(vt.) recognize承认是 recognizeto be/as人们公认 It is generally recognized that12. 直接/挺直(adv.);直的/笔直的(adj.) straight直走go straight;直立stand straight13. 电梯/升降机(n.) elevator14. 汽油(n.) petrol15. 汽油/气体/煤气/毒气(n.) gas; (pl.) gases16. 官方的/正式的/公务的(adj.); 官员(n.) official17. 航行/航海(n.) voyage辨析: voyage/tour/travel/journey/tripvoyage 海上旅行/空中旅行tour巡回旅行(含回到出发地之意)travel长距离旅行/国外旅行journey远距离陆上旅行(不含回到出发地之意)trip较短旅行(含回到出发地之意)去航海/去航行make a voyage to18. 本国的/本地的(a.);本国人/本地人(n.) native原产于/是土生土长的be native to考拉原产于澳大利亚。The koala is native to Australia.19. 公寓住宅/单元住宅(n.) apartment20. 逐渐的/逐步的(adj.) gradual;(adv.) gradually21. 词汇/词汇量/词表(n.) vocabulary丰富某人的词汇量enrich ones vocabulary22. 拼写/拼法(n.) spelling23. 较后的/后半的/(两者中)后者的(a.) latter以前的/从前的/前任的/在前的(adj.) formerlate (adj.) 迟的/晚的/已故的; lately(adv.) 最近/近来later (adj.) 后来的/后期的; (adv.) 后来latest(adj.) 最新的/最近的24. 本身/本体/身份(n.) identity身份证ID = identity card25. 流利的/流畅的(adj.) fluent; (adv.) fluently26. 频繁的/常见的(adj.) frequent;(adv.) frequently27. 使用/用法/词语/惯用法(n.) usage28. 词语/表示/表达(n.) expression词语words and expressions面部表情facial expressions无法形容beyond expression29. 中西部的(adj.) midwestern30. 东方的/东部的(adj.) eastern31. 东南方的/来自东南的(adj.) southeastern32. 西北方的/来自西北的(adj.) northwestern33. 卡车(n.) lorry/truck34. 口音/腔调/重音(n.) accent35. 闪电(n.) lightning36. 街区/块/木块/石块(n.) block37. 出租车(n.) cab/taxi38. more than + 数词, “超过/多于”more than +名词, “不只是/不仅仅”more than +形容词, “很/非常”more than +句子, “非所能/是难以的”more than one+名词单数, “不止一个”, 谓语用单数。no more than仅仅/不过;not more than不超过/至多no morethan 前者和后者一样都不,否定两者。not morethan 前者不如后者, 否定前者。1) 不止一个人提过这个建议。More than one person has made the suggestion.2) 汤姆和杰克都不勤奋。Tom is no more diligent than Jack.3) 汤姆不如杰克勤奋。Tom is not more diligent than Jack.39. 与不同be different from在方面不同be different in40. 即使/尽管even if/even though似乎/好像as if/as though41. the number of+名词复数, “的数量”, 谓语用单数; a number of +名词复数, “许多”, 谓语用复数。42. instead of 介词短语, “代替/而不是”, 其后可接名词/代词/动名词/介词短语/形容词/副词等。instead 副词, “替代/更换”, 单独使用, 放句首/句末。1) 他代替经理出席了会议。He attended the meeting instead of his manager.2) 他经常在树下读书, 而不是在图书馆里读书。He often reads under the trees instead of in the library.3) 她没有回答我, 反而问了我另一个问题。She didnt answer me; instead, she asked me another question.43. 信不信由你believe it or not拓展: 常做插入语的表达还有:而且whats more; 更糟糕的是whats worse也就是(说) that is (to say);坦白地说to be honest;(跟你)说实话to tell (you) the truth一般说来generally speaking44. 期待某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth.被期待做某事sb. be expected to do sth.那是因为人们期望他所许的承诺能够兑现。That is because the promise that he has made is expected to be carried out.M1U3:1运送/运输(n. & vt.) transport一种交通工具a means of transport公共交通工具public transport2. 更喜欢/宁愿(vt.) prefer, preferred, preferred更喜欢做某事prefer doing sth./ prefer to do sth.宁愿某人做某事prefer sb. to do sth.喜欢A胜过喜欢B prefer A to B宁愿做A事而不愿做B事 prefer doing A to doing Bprefer to do A rather than do Bwould rather do A than do Bwould do A rather than do B宁愿/更喜欢 prefer that sb. (should) do sth.3. 从那以后ever since, 主句常和完成时态连用。从那时起 from then on, 主语常和一般过去时连用。1) 从中学起, 我就一直梦想着坐汽车去旅游。Ever since middle school, I have dreamed of/have been dreaming of taking a trip by bus.2) 从那时起, 王子与公主就幸福地生活在一起。From then on, the prince and the princess lived happily.4. 说服/劝说(vt.) persuade说服某人做某事 persuade sb. to do sth.persuade sb. into doing sth.说服某人不做某事 persuade sb. not to do sth.persuade sb. out of doing sth.劝说但不一定有效果 advise sb. to do sth./try to persuade sb. to do sth.使某人信服某事persuade sb. of sth./convince sb. of sth.5. 毕业(vi.);大学毕业生(n.) graduate毕业(n.) graduation;毕业后after graduation从毕业后after graduating from毕业于(学校) graduate from毕业于(专业) graduate in6. 最后/终于(adv.) finally/ at last/ in the end7. 时间表/进度表(n.); 为某事安排时间(vt.) schedule被安排在(时间) be scheduled for + 时间预计做某事be scheduled to do sth.准时/及时/按时刻表on schedule提前ahead of schedule/ ahead of time比规定时间晚 behind schedule8. 喜爱的/慈爱的/宠爱的(adj.) fond喜爱/喜欢be fond of9. 组织/成立(vt.) organize; 组织/机构(n.) organization组织者/筹备者(n.) organizer10. care about关心/在乎; care for喜欢/照顾11. 改变主意change ones mind (mind有单复数变化)改变他们的主意change their minds我们应该铭记 We should keep it in mind that我们应该铭记我们帮助别人不是为了钱, 而是出于爱心和责任感。We should keep it in mind that we do not help others for money, but out of love and responsibility.12. 下决心/决定make up ones mind下定决心做某事make up ones mind to do sth.13. 旅行/旅程(n.) journey14. 日记/杂志/定期刊物(n.) journal15. 投降/屈服/让步/上交give in; 向屈服give in togive up放弃; give away泄露/赠送/分发give off发出/放出; give way to给让路give out分配/分发/精疲力竭/被用光(此时主动表被动)当世界上的石油都被用光了我们用什么作为能源？What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has given out/has been used up?16. 态度/看法(n.) attitude;海拔高度/高处(n.) altitude对的态度the attitude to/towards在的高度at an altitude of17. 照常/照旧/像往常一样as usual较往常/比以往than usual18. 可信赖的/可靠的(adj.) reliable; 依靠(vi.) rely相信/依赖/信赖rely on/ depend on相信 rely on it that/ depend on it that19. 午夜/子夜(n.) midnight;在午夜at midnight20. 不利条件/不便之处/坏处(n.) disadvantage有利条件/优势/好处(n.) advantage利用 take advantage of/ make use of对某人有利to ones advantage使某人处于不利地位 put sb. at a disadvantage21. (交通)费用(n.) fare; (报名)费(n.) fee车费 the bus fare;学费the school fee22. 流动/流出(vi.); 流动/流量(n.) flow23. 骑自行车(vi.) cycle; 骑自行车的人(n.) cyclist24. 缺点(n.) shortcoming25. 顽固的/固执的(adj.) stubborn26. 决定/确定/下定决心(vt.) determine决心(n.) determination;坚决的/有决心的(a.) determined决定做某事/决心做某事(动作) determine to do sth.决心做某事(状态) be determined to do sth.1) 决心帮助地震灾区的受害者, 他已经对那个地方的形式有了更多的了解。He has learned more about the situation in the earthquake-stricken areas, determined to help the victims there.2) 这个心碎的男人离开他的妻子, 决心再也不回来。The heart-broken man left his wife, determined not to come back again.27. (山)谷/流域(n.) valley; (pl.) valleys28. 缓慢而行/踱步(vi.); 一步/速度/步调(n.) pace29. 弯/拐角(n.);弯身/弯腰(vi.);使弯曲(vt.)bend, bent, bent30. (指液体)沸腾/(水)开(vi.) boil正在沸