写作基础导练1.doc

写作基础导练1：句子成分句子主要成分：主语谓语宾语 写作离不开句子，要写好英语的句子，首先要了解英语的句子由哪些成分构成，能充当这些成分的各是什么词。 句子的组成部分分为：主语：谓语、一宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语，其中主语与谓语是主要成分，一般不可缺少；其它成分可根据具体的句子加以选择。本单元复习句子的主要成分：主语、谓语和宾语。一、主语句子的主体，表示句子所说的是谁或是什么。练习请找出下列句子的主语并指出什么（词、短语或句子）可以充当主语。1. The boy comes from America.2. He usually goes to school alone.3. Learning English is very important.4. To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary.5. That he won the prize excited everyone.6. It is important for us to. have our dreams.7. It is obvious that he was wrong.8. It is no use crying over spilt milk.归纳主语一般由名词、，或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当（包括、还有）。另外，当句子的主语为、或时，主语部分太长，为使句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语。二、谓语 说明主语的动作、状态或特征；由动词或动词词组充当；除了倒装等特殊情况外，谓语总是位于主语的后面，即：主语谓语。 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要一致。练习 请找出下列句子的谓语并指出谓语的构成：实义动词、连系动词表语、情态动词动词的原形还是助动词动词的适当形式？1. His parents are teachers.2. The sun rises in the east.3. We have finished reading the book.4.l You ought to work harder.5. I felt cold.6. He doesnt like music.三、宾语 表示动作的对象，一般由名词、宾格代词，或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当（包括不定式、动名词还有宾语从句）。练习请找出下列句子的宾语并指出充当宾语的词（名词、宾格代词、名词化的形容词、不定式动名词短语还是宾语从句？）1. He has never met her in person.2. She handed him a book.3. He likes to play basketball.4. We enjoy listening to music.5. She said that she felt sick.6. They sent the injured to hospital.7. I find it impossible to believe her any longer.8. We consider it no good getting up late.9. They believed it strange that he should have done that.注意：当句子的宾语为_ 或时，常用形式宾语it，以保持句子的平衡。综合练习分析下列句子，请找出其中的主语（下划单横线）、谓语（下划双横线）和宾语（下划波浪线）。1. The boy comes from America.2. He found it no use trying to persuade her.3. To be a teacher is my dream.4. Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story.5. Many changes took place in my home town.6. Id like to swim this afternoon.7. It is a pity that he missed the film.8. He supposed it improper to ask for leave.9. She understood what he said finally.10. He told me that the lecture was a failure.11. The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country.12. Looking up all the new words in the dictionary took him a lot of time.一、1. The boy，名词 2. He，代词 3. Learning English，动名词短语 4. To teach him a lesson，不定式短语 5. That he won the prize，主语从句 6. it形式主语to have our dreams不定式短语作真正主语 7. it形式主语，that he was wrong主语从句作真正主语 8. it形式主语，crying over spilt milk动名词短语作真正主语 归纳：主格代词（1, she等）；不定式、动名词、主语从句，动名词短语、不定式短语、主语从句二、1. are teachers，系动词表语 2. rises,实义动词 3. have finished，助动词动词的过去分词 4. ought to work，情态动词十动词的原形 5. felt cold，连系动词表语 6. doesnt like，助动词动词的原形三、1. her，宾格代词 2. him，宾格代词作间接宾语，a book名词作直接宾语 3. to play basketball，不定式短语 4. listening to music，动名词短语 5. that she felt sick，宾语从句 6. the injured，名词化的形容词 7. it形式宾语，to believe her any longer. 不定式短语作真正宾语8. it形式宾语，getting up late动名词短语作真正宾语9. it形式宾语，that he should have done that. 宾语从句作真正宾语 注意：不定式短语、动名词短语、宾语从句综合练习1. The boy comes from America.2. He found it no use trying to persuade her.3. To be a teacher is my dream.d. Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story.5. Many changes took place in my home town.6. Id like to swim this afternoon.7. It is 7M pity that he missed the film.8. He supposed it improper to ask for leave.9. She understood what he said finally.10. What he told me was that