英语语音断句规则.doc

英语语音断句规则“断句”在表达中很重要，话不用说的很快，但却显得很连贯自然。长的句子按照意思的群落（即“意群”）适当断开、稍加停顿（即“停顿”），断开的几部分都具有相对完整的意思。这样，你每一次停顿，别人都会听懂你表达的意思，不至于前言不搭后语。主要是短语，从句，主谓宾等的你首先就要分清，要熟悉. 断句的方法：大致按照句子成分“主语、谓语宾语、定语、状语、补足语”的结构断开或停顿1. 有标点的地方常是断句所在。如: John Smith, /our teacher,/ came in/ with a book in his hand. Our teacher 前后逗号隔开，那么一般读的时候这也需要断开。2一个功能可能是断句所在。如： John Smith, /our teacher,/ came in /with a book in his hand. 从另一个角度讲our teacher 做的是同位语，因此作为一个语调群。 Came in 做谓语With a book in his hand 做方式状语， 因此要放在一起作为一个语调群。3. 分句常是断句的地方，如： He did not come to work yesterday/ because he was seriously ill.但是具体地还是要看录音中是如何读的。比如： He did not come to work yesterday/ because he was seriously ill.这个句子的两个分句还可以划分为：英语断句一句分层，连词归后She was arrested / and killed.关系代词等也放后面，与从句放一起The findings concern / that how the two sexes process language.这些研究结果涉及两形势如何处理语言的Sam came out / with a foolish speech / which made others annoying. (came out with: say suddenly) In 1980, / she came forward to admit / that she was the nurse. In those days, / boxers fought with bare fists / for prize money. 英语句子的翻译由于英语语言具有“形合”的特点，就是说，英语的句子无论多么复杂，都是通过一些语法手段和逻辑手段连接起来的“象葡萄藤一样”的结构。一、句子的拆分怎么拆分？正因为英语语法结构和逻辑结构比较明显，在理解英语的时候，我们可以把主句和从句拆分出来，或者把主干部分和修饰部分拆分出来。说得更具体一点，可以寻找下面一些“信号词”来对英语句子进行拆分，进而更加有效的理解英语原文：基本原则：把主句和从句拆分出来，把主干部分和修饰部分拆分出来。连词：如and, or, but, yet, for等并列连词连接着并列句；还有连接状语从句的连接词，如：when, as, since, until, before, after, where, because, since, thought, although, so that, .等等；它们就成了理解英语句子的拆分点。关系词：如连接名词性从句的who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever等关系代词和when, where, how, why等关系副词；还有连接定语从句的关系代词，如who, which, that, whom, whose等等；它们也是理解英语句子的拆分点。介词：如on, in, with, at, of, to等介词常常引导介词短语作修饰语，所以它们也是理解英语句子的拆分点。不定式符号to：不定式常常构成不定式短语做定语或者状语修饰语，所以也可以是拆分点。分词：过去分词和现在分词可以构成分词短语作修饰语，所以可以是拆分点。标点符号：标点符号常常断开句子的主干和修饰部分，也是一个明显的拆分点。例如：例1 Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.（35词，2003年62题）拆分句子：句子的主干是：Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry，定语从句：which后面是一个定语从句，其先行词是social science，方式状语：in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner是方式状语，其中的reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned是并列定语，修饰manner，定语从句：that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena是定语从句，其先行词是manner。拆分后句子的总结构是：Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and主句定语从句their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner方式状语that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.定语从句二、句子的组合改变原文顺序，组合汉语译文究竟如何改变原文顺序，完全要根据汉语习惯来安排，但是也是有一定的规律可以遵循的。比如说：这样，上面的两个句子可以把句子重新组合成：例11）Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry主干，“社会科学是知识探索的一个分支”；2）which seeks to study humans and their endeavors定语从句比较复杂，可以放在所修饰的先行词后面，“它试图研究人类及其行为”；3）in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner方式状语，如果照原来顺序放在动词后面不是太通顺，可以放到动词“试图”后面翻译成“它试图以一种。的方式来研究人类及其行为”；4）that natural scientists use for the stud