不定式作主语通常表示一次性.doc

不定式作主语通常表示一次性、未来的且具体的特指动作。 而动名词作主语通常表示习惯性、经常性和不具体的泛指动作。 动名词作主语和不定式作主语有时可以互换,例如:It is dangerous playing (to play) with fire. Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe.翻译方法不同,但中文意思还是很相似的: To see is to believe.百闻不如一见 Seeing is believing.眼见为实一、主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east.（名词）He likes dancing.（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history.（数词）Seeing is believing.（动名词）To see is to believe.（不定式）What he needs is a book.（主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）二、谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep.三、表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。He is a teacher.名词Seventy-four! You dont look it.（代词）Five and five is ten.（数词）He is asleep.（形容词） His father is in.（副词）The picture is on the wall.（介词短语）My watch is gone / missing / lost.（形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “Im poor, I cant buy a ring. ”（不定式）The question is whether they will come.（表语从句）常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）， look（看起来）， feel（摸起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝、吃起来）， remain（保持，仍是），feel（感觉）.It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious.The food tastes good.The door remains open.Now I feel tired.三、宾语：1）动作的承受者动宾 I like China.（名词）He hates you. （代词） How many do you need? We need two.（数词） We should help the old and the poor.I enjoy working with you.（动名词） I hope to see you again.（不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词介宾 Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3）双宾语间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.四、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。We elected him monitor.（名词）We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （名） We will make them happy.（形容词）We found nobody in.(副词)Please make yourself at home. (介词短语）Dont let him do that. （省to不定式） His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（带to不定式） Dont keep the lights burning.（现在分词）Ill have my bike repaired. （过去分词）五、主补：对主语的补充。He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 六、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）He is our friend. （代词）We belong to the third world.（数词）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）The man over there is my old friend.(副词)The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2.（现在分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）I have an idea to do it well.（不定式） You should do everything that I do.（定语从句）七、状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列） I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.The meat went bad because of the hot weather.He studies hard to learn English well.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam.He goes to school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well.记忆口诀：动词种类速记：英语动词分四种，行为连系助动情。动作状态为行动，充当谓语有作用；连系动词有意义，不能独立作谓语，须与表语在一起，常用look，become，be助动词无意义，不能独立作谓语，时态、疑问和否定，do，be，will最常用情态动词must，can，may，表示语气和情态，人称与数无变化，动词原形跟着它。感官、使役动词：一感二听三使四看一感：feel二听：hear，listen三使：make， let ，have四看：look at，see，watch，notice用法口诀感使动词真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪，主动句中它走开，被动句中它回来，动词let要除外，to词可来可不来。1.如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。 2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前进行时： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生完成进行时一般在情绪后加to do to do 也表将来窗体顶端窗体底端-百度知道 教育/科学 外语学习 英语考试 什么动词后面只能加to do什么动词后面只能加doing，有什么TO的不定式短语和TOD介词短语. 首先是加to do 的动词 attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 ask问 dread害怕 need需要 agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 start开始 undertake承接 want想要 consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 decide决定 learn学习 vow起 contrive设法，图谋 incline有倾向 propose提议 seek找，寻觅 try试图 2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式 ask要求，邀请 get请，得到 prompt促使 allow允许 forbid禁止 prefer喜欢，宁愿 announce宣布 force强迫 press迫使 bride 收买 inspire鼓舞 request请求 assist协助 hate憎恶 pronounce断定，表示 advise劝告 exhort告诫，勉励 pray请求 authorize授权，委托 help帮助 recommend劝告，推荐 bear容忍 implore恳求 remind提醒 beg请求 induce引诱 report报告 compel强迫 invite吸引，邀请， summon传唤 command命令 intend想要，企图 show 显示 drive驱赶 mean意欲，打算 train训练 cause引起 instruct指示 require要求 deserve应受 leave使，让 tell告诉 direct指导 like喜欢 tempt劝诱 entitle有资格 order命令 warn告诫 enable使能够 need需要 urge激励，力说 encourage鼓励 oblige不得不 want想要 condemn指责，谴责 lead引起，使得 teach教 entreat恳求 permit允许 wish希望 (2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语 acknowledge承认，自认 cease 停止 mention说到，讲到 admit 承认 tolerate忍受 dislike不喜欢，讨厌 advocate：提倡，主张 complete完成 dread可怕appreciate 感激，欣赏 confess坦白 endure忍受 avoid避免 contemplate细想 enjoy享有，喜爱 bear忍受 defer拖延 envy嫉妒 cant help不禁 delay延迟 escape逃跑，逃避 cant stand受不了 deny否认 excuse借口 consider 考虑 detest嫌恶 fancy幻想，爱好 favor 造成，偏爱 mind 介意 repent悔悟 figure描绘，计算 miss错过 resent怨恨 finish完成，结束不得 pardon原谅，饶恕 resist抵抗，阻止 forgive原谅 permit 允许 resume恢复 imagine设想 postpone延迟，延期 risk冒险 involve卷入，包含practise 实行，实践 suggest建议 hate讨厌 prevent阻止 save营救，储蓄 keep保持 quit放弃停止 stand坚持，忍受 loathe非常讨厌，厌恶 recall回想 例如：I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。 (3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别 1）forget to do 忘记要去做某事（此事未做） forget doing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生） 2）stop to do 停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事 3）remember to do 记住去做某事（未做） remember doing记得做过某事(已做) 4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾 regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔 5）try to do努力、企图做某事 try doing试验、试一试某种办法 6) mean to do打算，有意要 mean doing意味着 7）go on to do 继而（去做另外一件事情） go on doing 继续（原先没有做完的事情） 8）propose to do 打算（要做某事） proposing doing建议（做某事） 9) like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为；+doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念 （注)如果这些动词前有should一词，其后宾语只跟不定式，不能跟动名词。例如： I should like to see him tomorrow 10) need, want, deserve +动名词表被动意义；+不定式被动态表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。 Dont you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗? You must remember to leave tomorrow你可要记着是明天动身。 I dont regret telling her what I thought我不后悔给她讲过我的想法。(已讲过) I regret to have to do this，but I have no choice我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没办法。(未做但要做) 补充 动词加doing 1. feel like+V-ing 2. enjoy/like+V-ing 3. stop doing sth. 4. stop/prevent/keep from+V-ing 5. finish+V-ing 6. Its another way of+V-ing 7. spend( in )+V-ing 8. hear/see sb.+V-ing9. be good at+V-ing 10. be busy+V-ing 11. be worth doing sth. 12. go / keep on+V-ing 13. What/How about doing sth. 14. Thanks for doing sth 15. prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 16. forget doing sth. 17. remember doing sth. 18. instead of doing sth. 19. hate/dislike doing sth. 20. be used for doing sth. 21. be/become interested in doing sth. 22. Would you mind doing sth.? 23. have fun doing sth. 24. practise doing sth 25. better than doing ssth.26. do well in+V-ing 27. 介词后面的动词要用V-ing形式，如：another way of doing sth. 28.动名词做主语用V-ing形式，如：Reading in bed is bad for your eyes. 下列动词或词组后面都可以接doing: admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 complete完成 consider认为 delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 fancy 想象 finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone推迟 practice 训练 recall 回忆 resent 讨厌 resume 继续 resist 抵抗 risk 冒险 suggest 建议 face 面对 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 keep 继续 例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。 admit to preferto be used to lead to devote oneself to object to stick to no good no use be fond of look forward to be proud of be busy cant help be tired of be capable of be afraid of think of burst out keep on insist on count on set about put off be good at take up give up be successful in 下列动词或词组都可以用不定式： afford aim agree arrange ask decide bother care choose demand desire determine elect endeavor hope fail help learn long 渴望 mean manage offer plan pretend refuse tend undertake expect hate intend 例如： The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 He offered to help me. 他表示愿意帮助我。 需要省略to的不定式的情况有： 1） 情态动词 （ 除ought 外） 后。 2） 使役动词 let, have, make后，感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后。 注意：被动语态中不能省去to。例如： I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。 =He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。 =They were made to work the whole night. 3） would rather，had better句型后 4） Why / why no句型后 5） help 后可带to，也可不带to, help sb （to） do sth： 6） but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。 比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。 He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。 7） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去： 8） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时，可以省去to be。例如： He is supposed （to be） nice. 他应该是个好人。 一些重要的区分： 1) stop doing/to do stop to do 停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事，stop doing 停止做某事。例如： They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来，抽了根烟。 I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟了。 2)forget doing/to do forget to do 忘记要去做某事，forget doing 忘记做过某事。例如： The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。（没有做关灯的动作） He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作） 3)remember doing/to do remember to do 记得去做某事，remember doing 记得做过某事。例如： Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。 Dont you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗? 4)regret doing/to do regret to do 对将要做的事遗憾，regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。例如： I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。 I dont regret telling her what I thought. 我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。 5)cease doing/to do cease to do 长时间，甚至永远停做某事，cease doing 短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。例如： That department has ceased to exist forever. 那个系已不复存在。 The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by. 姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天 6)try doing/to do try to do 努力，企图做某事，try doing 试验，试着做某事。例如： You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。 I tried gardening but didnt succeed. 我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。 7)go on doing/to do go on to do 做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，go on doing 继续做原来做的事。例如： After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完数学后，他接着去做物理。 Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习 8)be afraid doing/to do be afraid to do 不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为怕，be afraid of doing 担心出现doing的状况、结果。doing 是客观上造成的，意为生怕，恐怕。例如： She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake. 她生怕被蛇咬着，不敢在草丛中再走一步。 She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。 She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。 9)be interested doing/to do interested to do 对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事，interested in doing 对某种想法感兴趣，doing 通常为想法。例如： I shall be interested to know what happens. 我很想知道发生了什么事。（想了解） Im interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that? 我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗? （一种想法） 10) mean to doing/to do mean to do 打算、想，mean doing 意味着。例如： I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。 To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 增加工资意味着增加购买力。 11)begin（start） doing/to do begin / start to do sth /begin / start doing sth. a） 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing。例如： How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你几岁时开始弹钢琴？ b） begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do。例如： I was beginning to get angry。我开始生起气来。 c） 在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。例如： I begin to understand the truth。我开始明白真相。 d） 事物作主语时。例如： The snow began to melt.雪开始融化了 12)感官动词 + doing/to do 感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示动作的完整性，+doing 表示动作的进行性。例如： I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。（强调我看见了这个事实） I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（强调我见他正干活这个动作）昨天我见他正在花园里干活下列动词或词组后面都可以接doing: admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 complete完成 consider认为 delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 fancy 想象 finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone推迟 practice 训练 recall 回忆 resent 讨厌 resume 继续 resist 抵抗 risk 冒险 suggest 建议 face 面对 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 keep 继续 例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。 admit to preferto be used to lead to devote oneself to object to stick to no good no use be fond of look forward to be proud of be busy cant help be tired of be capable of be afraid of think of burst out keep on insist on count on set about put off be good at take up give up be successful in 下列动词或词组都可以用不定式： afford aim agree arrange ask decide bother care choose demand desire determine elect endeavor hope fail help learn long 渴望 mean manage offer plan pretend refuse tend undertake expect hate intend 例如： The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 He offered to help me. 他表示愿意帮助我。 需要省略to的不定式的情况有： 1） 情态动词 （ 除ought 外） 后。 2） 使役动词 let, have, make后，感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后。 注意：被动语态中不能省去to。例如： I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。 =He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。 =They were made to work the whole night. 3） would rather，had better句型后 4） Why / why no句型后 5） help 后可带to，也可不带to, help sb （to） do sth： 6） but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。 比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。 He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。 7） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去： 8） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时，可以省去to be。例如： He is supposed （to be） nice. 他应该是个好人。 一些重要的区分： 1) stop doing/to do stop to do 停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事，stop doing 停止做某事。例如： They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来，抽了根烟。 I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟了。 2)forget doing/to do forget to do 忘记要去做某事，forget doing 忘记做过某事。例如： The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。（没有做关灯的动作） He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作） 3)remember doing/to do remember to do 记得去做某事，remember doing 记得做过某事。例如： Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。 Dont you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗? 4)regret doing/to do regret to do 对将要做的事遗憾，regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。例如： I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。 I dont regret telling her what I thought. 我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。 5)cease doing/to do cease to do 长时间，甚至永远停做某事，cease doing 短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。例如： That department has ceased to exist forever. 那个系已不复存在。 The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by. 姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天 6)try doing/to do try to do 努力，企图做某事，try doing 试验，试着做某事。例如： You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。 I tried gardening but didnt succeed. 我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。 7)go on doing/to do go on to do 做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，go on doing 继续做原来做的事。例如： After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完数学后，他接着去做物理。 Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习 8)be afraid doing/to do be afraid to do 不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为怕，be afraid of doing 担心出现doing的状况、结果。doing 是客观上造成的，意为生怕，恐怕。例如： She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake. 她生怕被蛇咬着，不敢在草丛中再走一步。 She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。 She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。 9)be interested doing/to do interested to do 对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事，interested in doing 对某种想法感兴趣，doing 通常为想法。例如： I shall be interested to know what happens. 我很想知道发生了什么事。（想了解） Im interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that? 我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗? （一种想法） 10) mean to doing/to do mean to do 打算、想，mean doing 意味着。例如： I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。 To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 增加工资意味着增加购买力。 11)begin（start） doing/to do begin / start to do sth /begin / start doing sth. a） 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing。例如： How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你几岁时开始弹钢琴？ b） begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do。例如： I was beginning to get angry。我开始生起气来。 c） 在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。例如： I begin to understand the truth。我开始明白真相。 d） 事物作主语时。例如： The snow began to melt.雪开始融化了 12)感官动词 + doing/to do 感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示动作的完整性，+doing 表示动作的进行性。例如： I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。（强调我看见了这个事实） I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（强调我见他正干活这个动作）昨天我见他正在花园里干活。would to do sth want to do sth like doing sth enjoy doing sth 有很多,楼上是一些固定搭配还有一个例子: go on to do(doing)都是继续做某事但有区别 go on to do是结束一件事继续做别的事 go on doing是继续做同一件事 enjoy,suggest,practice,consider,finish,spend后面接doing sth. 另外,forget doing sth 指忘记做过某事 forget to do sth 指忘记去做某事 stop doing sth 指停止做某事 s