外文翻译--压电发电装置的能量转换及存储特性的研究.docx

附录AEnergy Conversion and Storage Characteristics Research on Piezoelectric GeneratorThrough to the cantilever beam piezoelectricity electric power facility energy conversion characteristic theoretical analysis, has obtained the piezoelectricity Liang output voltage and the electrical energy theoretical model, but this is merely considers piezoelectricity Liang own factor alone to the power rate the influence rule. But in practical application, what often considered are the piezoelectricity electric power facility output, and its values size and the load resistance concern. Therefore, these rules have conducted systems research after the piezoelectricity electric power facility external connection loads output, and uses the different resistance number the load resistance to carry on the experimental confirmation.May discover by the second chapter of theoretical analysis, although piezoelectricity Liang can produce the great voltage, but it each time distorts the electrical energy which outputs to be very limited, still could not meet the modern mostly electronic installations need. This chapter while carries on the theory and experimental study to the piezoelectricity electric power facilitys output, but also has conducted the memory characteristic research through each kind of storage medium to the piezoelectricity electric power facilitys power rate. May know by the second chapter of piezoelectric vibrators basic theory knowledge, piezoelectric ceramics electricity characteristic equivalent circuit may be represented as the electric charge equivalent circuit. And, piezoelectric ceramics dielectric resistance was opposite in the external load, the resistance number was big, might neglect. In the above two kind of situations theoretical calculation formula may see, in practical application, regardless of the piezoelectric vibrator uses what connection mode, can have a best load resistance, causes its output maximizing.At the same time, for the confirmation theoretical formulas accuracy, presently separately confirms piezoelectric vibrators in above two kind of situations output voltage and the output and between the load resistance size relations through the experimental method, and draws up the corresponding assay curve, and carries on the comparative analysis with the theoretical formula computed result. the test equipment mainly includes the HEAS-5 power amplifier, the HEV-50 high energy driver, the DS-5000 series digital storage oscilloscope. In the testing through the regulating power amplifiers frequency and the voltage, produces one to assign the oscillation amplitude and the frequency sine drive signal, causes the driver according to this sine drive vibration. Because the piezoelectric vibrator fixes on the driver, can have a same frequency sine wave alternating current, therefore through the load resistance both sides voltage is also the sine alternating current and the available oscilloscope obtains. According to formula P =V2R, may obtain the power which the load resistance consumes, namely piezoelectric vibrators output. This laboratory uses piezoelectric vibrators size and the material performance parameter are as follows: Piezoelectric ceramics material is PZT-4, piezoelectric ceramics size parameter is: LWh=58mm30mm0.35mm. The metal foundation plates material is the beryllium bronze, the size parameter is: LWh=80mm30mm0.35mm. Is observable this laboratory use piezoelectric vibrators equivalent capacity size using the Avon meter is: C=0.05 microfarad. Presses may know by the experimental principle, when the regulating power amplifier, causes the driver by the frequency f=44.3Hz drive piezoelectric vibrator, then the piezoelectric vibrator has an angular frequency =2f=278.204rad/s sine wave voltage, time its idling voltage output wave shape. May see by this chart, when piezoelectric vibrator idling, its voltage output wave shape is a sine wave, may read out its peak voltage 0v through the oscilloscope is 14.8V.The electrical vibrator outputs between active voltage and active power and load resistance theory relations curve; At the same time, the use experiment test system, the selection different resistance numbers resistance carries on the experiment, may draw up between them the experimental relations curve, its correspondences optimum load and the maximum output performance number respectively are 71.89 kilo ohms and 0.7617 kilowatt; Obtains actually the optimum load and the maximum output performance number respectively are 71 kilo ohms and 0.867 mill watt, this time, the theory and the laboratory correspondences electric current size respectively is 0.103 mill amperes and 0.012 milliamp ere. Works as the piezoelectric vibrator external connection rectification bridge and the filter electric capacity, what its outputs is the direct current, the output voltage and the power also has the very big relations with the load resistance. Likewise, may result in its output voltage and between the output and the load resistance relational curve by the theoretical formula and the experiment test system, the related parameter which the theoretical calculation uses with works as the piezoelectric vibrator is direct and the load is connected when same. May discover by the above research, although the piezoelectric vibrator can produce the great voltage, but its outputs the electric current is relatively small, its output also can only calculate by a kilowatt level, is opposite in the present some electronic devices normal work power, piezoelectric ceramics power capacity is extremely limited. At the same time, in certain third chapter of piezoelectricity electric power facilitys output and the memory characteristic analysis, must guarantee, in the piezoelectricity electric power facility does not work in the situation, the electric appliance equipment still could the normal work, this need to carry on the memory to piezoelectric vibrator power rate each time. Therefore, to the piezoelectricity electric power facilitys energy storage characteristic research is very necessary, this festival carries on saves.Test the selected piezoelectric vibrator, and its structural parameters and material properties are related to the power 3.1 of this chapter to verify test the same as the piezoelectric vibrator. Physical map of the test equipment as shown， Piezoelectric vibrator exciter fixed, the piezoelectric power generation device constitutes a cantilever. Power amplifier by adjusting the frequency of vibration can set the frequency according to the piezoelectric vibrator incentives; At the same time, the power amplifier voltage regulator allows different piezoelectric oscillator output amplitude of the AC sine wave; oscilloscope to measure the Parts of generating capacity. Since the piezoelectric vibrator support the use of cantilever, the natural frequency of a higher natural frequency for first-order 98.732Hz, and environment of the local oscillator frequency is well below this value, in order to make the frequency of piezoelectric vibrator and the environment of the natural frequency similarity may be in the piezoelectric vibrator additional focus on the quality of the free end of the block adjustment method. Trials, the increase in mass of the weight of 10.7 grams, that it reduced the first-order natural frequency 44.734Hz. Regulation of power amplifiers, so that the output of a piezoelectric vibrator frequency of 44.3Hz, the peak of the sinusoidal voltage of 14.8V AC (in particular the absence of the following tests are used as criteria), on the electrolytic capacitors, super capacitors and rechargeable batteries in three storage medium for storage comparison test. Containing polar electrolytic capacitors, the use of attention should be paid when the connection is negative, the electrolysis electric capacityCapacity can be used as a power supply. At present, the commonly used electrolytic capacitors are tantalum electrolytic capacitors and aluminum electrolytic capacitors. Tantalum electrolytic capacitors and aluminum electrolytic capacitors compared to the benefits include: small; wide use of humidity; long life, high insulation resistance, leakage current small; good impedance frequency characteristics; high reliability. In order to compare the two types of charging characteristics of electrolytic capacitors, are taking the same capacity (100 micro-method) two electrolytic capacitor charging experiment. When external conditions are the same, the same capacity of electrolytic capacitors and tantalum electrolytic capacitors, which charge and discharge characteristics was nearly identical and no significant difference. Although compared to tantalum electrolytic capacitor aluminum electrolytic capacitors, there are many advantages, but it also has its own shortcomings. There is no electrolyte tantalum capacitor, it is suitable for high temperature work, so the use of metal tantalum medium for voltage, current limited occasions. Tantalum Electrolytic Capacitors Electrolytic Capacitors, as, unlike the ordinary use of the aluminum-plated paper firing capacitor, so almost no inductance itself, but it also limited its capacity, at present, the market can buy tantalum electrolytic capacitors, the maximum capacity of only 100 micro-method, the price of aluminum electrolytic capacitors than ordinary expensive, and tantalum electrolytic capacitor voltage and current capacity is relatively weak, piezoelectric power generation is not the best energy storage components. In comparison, aluminum electrolytic capacitors are cheap, and its larger capacity. In order to better understanding of the storage ，characteristics of electrolytic capacitors, with different capacity aluminum electrolytic capacitors, the charge-discharge test.When the piezoelectric vibrator when a certain output voltage, the electrolytic capacitor charge voltage eventually become a stable value, that is reaching saturation voltage; when the piezoelectric vibrator of the open circuit voltage at the same time, different-capacity aluminum electrolytic capacitor can be reached saturation voltage the same, are 12.8 V; but the capacity of different aluminum electrolytic capacitors, which charge different rates, and the capacitor charging rate with the electric Yung capacity increases. When the initial voltage is the same, different-capacity aluminum electrolytic capacitor discharge time its different, the discharge time as the capacity of electrolytic capacitors increases. 470 micro-law of the aluminum electrolytic capacitors, the voltage from 3 V down to 12.8伏下time is more than two hours, it has to meet the demand for certain electronic equipment. To self-designed remote control as an example, when the law of 470 micro-electrolytic capacitor charging, the charge to the saturation voltage, the remote control can work for 5 times.The above-capacity aluminum electrolytic capacitors of different charging tests, piezoelectric vibrator in the same open-circuit voltage conditions, piezoelectric vibrator in order to obtain the open circuit voltage of the electrolytic capacitor charging rate relationship test in the same capacity electrolytic capacitor, the piezoelectric vibrator open circuit voltage of the charging rate of the relationship. Regulation of power amplifiers, so that the same vibration frequency of 44.3Hz, change the amplitude of vibration, so that piezoelectric vibrator, respectively, sine wave output voltage of 10.2 V peak, 14.8 V and 19.8 V three values to choose 50V capacitor -470 electrolytic capacitor micro-law. Saturation voltage aluminum electrolytic capacitors open-circuit voltage piezoelectric vibrator increases. Although the open circuit voltage ranges, but the capacitor voltage reaches the saturation voltage is almost the same time. Therefore, practice can improve the piezoelectric vibrator to increase the generating capacity of electricity storage. Electrolytic capacitor of the charge and discharge test, we can see that the ordinary electrolytic capacitor can be used as energy storage devices for electrical equipment power supply.But the discharge time is limited to 50V-470 micro-electrolytic capacitor current law, the use of more batteries include rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries and lithium-ion battery. As a result of nickel-cadmium battery has a serious memory effect and recycling less, such as the shortcomings, at the same time, cadmium is a toxic substance, if not handled properly easily pollute the environment, makes the shortcomings of many nickel-cadmium batteries for electrical equipment has been basically eliminated from the scope of application of the battery. Ni-MH battery does not contain toxic substances, the frequency of use compared with the nickel-cadmium batteries for the 500, could reach 1,000, and the memory effect is not obvious, it is one of the most widely used rechargeable batteries. Ni-MH battery nominal voltage of 1.2V, the termination of its discharge voltage is about 1V. Of nickel-metal hydride batteries, ensure that the same vibration frequency of 44.3Hz to regulate the power amplifier, so that piezoelectric oscillator sine wave output voltage of 16.4 volts peak. Test used in the specifications of Ni-MH battery for 3.6V-80mAh, 3 for 1.2V-80mAh battery composed. Piezoelectric vibrator can charge rechargeable batteries. If you want to shorten the charging time can improve the piezoelectric vibrator to achieve the power output. While rechargeable batteries can be used as energy storage piezoelectric power generation components, but not widely used in electrical components in the present. Due to the need for rechargeable batteries have been charging protection circuit, Ni-MH rechargeable battery means the best or the trickle charge current increases, and the characteristics of piezoelectric power generation is a high-voltage, low current. The practical application of the former, need to design the corresponding control circuit and protection circuit, and these peripheral circuits will be part of energy consumption. Relatively low output power of the piezoelectric power generation technology, which greatly reduces the actual utilization of energy. At the same time, although the Ni-MH battery charging current when the only limit, while at the same time lithium-ion batteries need to limit the voltage and current. Therefore, the use of rechargeable batteries as a storage component, there is still a way to go.But the discharge time is limited to 50V-470 micro-electrolytic capacitor current law, the use of more batteries include rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries and lithium-ion battery. As a result of nickel-cadmium battery has a serious memory effect and recycling less, such as the shortcomings, at the same time, cadmium is a toxic substance, if not handled properly easily pollute the environment, makes the shortcomings of many nickel-cadmium batteries for electrical equipment has been basically eliminated from the scope of application of the battery. Ni-MH battery does not contain toxic substances, the frequency of use compared with the nickel-cadmium batteries for the 500, could reach 1,000, and the memory effect is not obvious, it is one of the most widely used rechargeable batteries. Ni-MH battery nominal voltage of 1.2V, the termination of its discharge voltage is about 1V. Of nickel-metal hydride batteries, ensure that the same vibration frequency of 44.3Hz to regulate the power amplifier, so that piezoelectric oscillator sine wave output voltage of 16.4 volts peak. Test used in the specifications of Ni-MH battery for 3.6V-80mAh, 3 for 1.2V-80mAh battery composed. Piezoelectric vibrator can charge rechargeable batteries. If you want to shorten the charging time can improve the piezoelectric vibrator to achieve the power output. While rechargeable batteries can be used as energy storage piezoelectric power generation components, but not widely used in electrical components in the present. Due to the need for rechargeable batteries have been charging protection circuit, Ni-MH rechargeable battery means the best or the trickle charge current increases, and the characteristics of piezoelectric power generation is a high-voltage, low current. The practical application of the former, need to design the corresponding control circuit and protection circuit, and these peripheral circuits will be part of energy consumption. Relatively low output power of the piezoelectric power generation technology, which greatly reduces the actual utilization of energy. At the same time, although the Ni-MH battery charging current when the only limit, while at the same time lithium-ion batteries need to limit the voltage and current.Three integrated storage, we can see that the rechargeable battery has a short life, vulnerable to the shortcomings of the environmental impact and at the same time, the charging circuit of the voltage and current requirements to a certain extent, the need for charging control circuit and overcharge protection circuit at present, not to be widely used. Ordinary electrolytic capacitor with a fast charge rate and charge the advantages of simple circuit to generate electricity in the piezoelectric vibrator case of a very small amount of fast charge, can be used to manually power generation devices, but the storage capacity of small, free state leakage, such as easy the shortcomings of micro-electronic devices can only provide short-term and intermittent energy, power supply equipment to meet the demand for pulses, such as non-battery remote control switch. Super capacitor with large capacity, long life, do not over-voltage breakdown and leakage is not a free state, etc., can replace the battery as a continuous and stable power supply. However, its piezoelectric vibrator has larger capaci