新世纪大学英语综合教程3第四单元.ppt

2020 2 3 1 UnitFourHealthText HowtoGrowOld GetStartedTextReadingFurtherDevelopment 2020 2 3 2 IntroductoryQuestions Workingroupsanddiscussthefollowingquestions Whatdoyouusuallydotokeepfit Whatdoyouthinkarethecriteriaofbeinghealthy Ifyouhadtochoosebetweenwealthandhealth whichwouldyouprefer Why physicalhealth mentalhealthandinterpersonalrelationships 2020 2 3 3 EngineerandproducerAlanParsonsandhiscolleague songwriterandlyricistEricWoolfson formedtheAlanParsonsProjectin1975 Throughouttheircareer theAlanParsonsProjectrecordedconceptalbums witharevolvingcastofsessionmusicians Nineteeneighty two sEyeintheSkywastheirgreatestsuccess thetitletrackchartedintheTopTenonthepopchartsandthealbumwentplatinum Althoughtheyweren tabletorepeatthatsuccess thegroupmaintainedadevotedcultaudience AlanParsonsProject AlanParsonsProject AnEnglishSong 2020 2 3 4 ListentotheSong OldandWise AlanParsonsProjectAsfarasmyeyescanseeThereareshadowsapproachingmeAndtothoseIleftbehindIwantedyoutoknowYou vealwayssharedmydeepestthoughtsYoufollowwhereIgoAndoh whenI moldandwiseBitterwordsmeanlittletomeAutumnwindswillblowrightthroughmeAndsomedayinthemistoftimeWhentheyaskedmeifIknewyouI dsmileandsayyouwereafriendofmineAndthesadnesswouldbeliftedfrommyeyesOhwhenI moldandwise AnEnglishSong 2020 2 3 5 AsfarasmyeyescanseeThereareshadowssurroundingmeAndtothoseIleavebehindIwantyoualltoknowYou vealwayssharedmydarkesthoursI llmissyouwhenIgoAndoh whenI moldandwiseHeavywordsthattossedandblewmeLikeautumnwindsthatwillblowrightthroughmeAndsomedayinthemistoftimeWhentheyaskyouifyouknewmeRememberthatyouwereafriendofmineAsthefinalcurtainfallsbeforemyeyesOhwhenI moldandwiseAsfarasmyeyescansee AnEnglishSong 2020 2 3 6 QuestionsabouttheSong Keeptheminmindbutneverliveinsadness 1 Asan oldandwise man howdoesonefacehisrelativesorfriendspassaway Dyingisasnaturalasliving Asan oldandwise man oneshouldnotsufferfromthefearofdeathbecausehehasknownhumanjoysandsorrows andhasmadealltheachievementsheisabletomake 2 Toan oldandwise man whatistherightattitudetowardsdeath 3 Haveyoueverthoughtsomedayyouwillbeanoldperson Howwillyouarrangeyourlifethen 4 Howtobean oldandwise person AnEnglishSong 2020 2 3 7 BriefIntroductiontoBertrandRussell Born 18May1872Birthplace WalesDied 2February1970BestKnownAs Mathematicianandphilosopher BertrandRussell 2020 2 3 8 BertrandRussell ChronologyofBertrandRussell In1872 BorninWales UK In1910 WrotemajorearlyworkPrinciplesofMathematics In1918 Putinprisonforhisvocalprotestsagainstwar In1938 TookanacademicpostinAmerica In1945 HisbooknamedAHistoryofWesternPhilosophysoldwellandremovedhisfinancialtroubles In1950 WonNobelPrizeforliterature In1970 Died 2020 2 3 9 TheBritishmathematician philosopherandsocialreformerBertrandArthurWilliamRussellwasborninWalesin1872 Inhislongandcomplexlife Russelltookmanyroles AfteradistinguishedmathematicsandphilosophycourseatCambridgeUniversity hewaselectedtoafellowship 院士 HismajorearlyworkwasThePrinciplesofMathematics firstpublishedin1903 DuringtheFirstWorldWarRussell spacifist 和平主义的 activitiesresultedinthelossofhisfellowshipandhisvocalprotestsagainsttheWarledtoabriefjailsentencein1918 In1938hetookanacademicpostinAmericaandstayedthereformostoftheSecondWorldWar HisbooknamedAHistoryofWesternPhilosophysoldwellin1940sandremovedhisfinancialtroubles HewasgiventheNobelPrizeforliteraturein1950 From1954onwardshebecameanoutspokenadvocateofnucleardisarmament Hediedin1970 BertrandRussell 2020 2 3 10 FamousQuotesfromBertrandRussell 1 Allhumanactivityispromptedbydesire 2 Manypeoplewouldratherdiethanthink infact mostdo 3 Tofearloveistofearlife andthosewhofearlifearealreadythreepartsdead 4 Inallaffairsit sahealthythingnowandthentohangaquestionmarkonthethingsyouhavelongtakenforgranted 5 Thewholeproblemwiththeworldisthatfoolsandfanaticsarealwayssocertainofthemselves butwiserpeoplesofullofdoubts BertrandRussell 2020 2 3 11 EdwardGibbon 1737 1794 Britishpoliticianandhistorian EdwardGibbon 2020 2 3 12 EdwardGibbon 1737 1794 isaBritishpoliticianandhistorian authorofTheHistoryoftheDeclineandFalloftheRomanEmpire EducatedattheUniversityofOxfordandinSwitzerland GibbonwrotehisearlyworksinFrench InLondonhebecameamemberofSamuelJohnson sbrilliantintellectualcircle OnatriptoRomehewasinspiredtowritethehistoryofthecity HisDeclineandFalloftheRomanEmpire 6vol isacontinuousnarrativefromthe2ndcenturyADtothefallofConstantinoplein1453 ThoughGibbon sconclusionshavebeenmodifiedbylaterscholars hishistoricalperspectiveandsuperbliterarystylehavegivenhisworkitslastingreputationasoneofthegreatesthistoricalworks EdwardGibbon EdwardGibbon 2020 2 3 13 GirtonCollege Cambridge Fullname GirtonCollege Cambridge Namedafter GirtonVillage Established In1869 Previousnames TheCollegeforWomen Co founders EmilyDaviesandBarbaraBodichon Motto Betteriswisdomthanweaponsofwar Mixed In1977 Famousfor 1 OneofthelargestcollegesinCambridge2 AnEgyptianmummynamed Hermione 3 Anindoorheatedswimmingpool 2020 2 3 14 UniversityofCambridgeisoneoftheworld soldestandmostprestigiousuniversities Itwasestablishedin1209andlocatedinCambridge England Cambridgehasmorethan100academicdepartmentsandseveralworld classresearchcentersthathaveproducedmorethan80NobelPrizewinners Theuniversityishometomorethan16 000studentsenrolledinsome30colleges eachofwhichactsasanindependentinstitution Teachingresponsibilitiesaresharedbetweenthecollegesanduniversitydepartments Anddegreesareawardedbytheuniversity CambridgeUniversityiswellknownforitsmotto Fromthisplace wegainenlightenmentandpreciousknowledge ItsalumnihaveincludedsuchprominentnotablesasSirIsaacNewton CharlesDarwin andStephenHawking UniversityofCambridge UniversityofCambridge 2020 2 3 15 Directions WhenyoulistentoaparagraphaboutCambridgeUniversity youarerequiredtocatchthekeywordsofthisparagraph Andthensaysomethingaboutthisworld famousuniversityaccordingtothekeywordsyou vegot EstablishmentLocationStudentsDepartments CollegesNobelPrizeWinnersMottoFamousalumni UniversityofCambridge 2020 2 3 16 GirtonCollegeisoneoftheconstituentcollegesoftheUniversityofCambridgeinCambridge England TheCollegewasestablishedin1869byEmilyDaviesandBarbaraBodichon asthefirstresidentialcollegeforwomeninEngland ItwascalledtheCollegeforWomen ThefirstgroupofstudentswereknownasThePioneers In1872thepresentsitenexttothevillageofGirtonwaspurchased TheCollegewasthenrenamedGirtonCollege Thecollegebecamemixedin1977withthearrivalofthefirstmaleFellows maleundergraduateshavebeenadmittedsince1979 Girtoniansareknownfortheirmotto Betteriswisdomthanweaponsofwar Numericallyandgeographically GirtonisnowoneofthelargestcollegesinCambridge GirtonalsoproudlyhousesanEgyptianmummynamed Hermione andistheonlyCambridgecollegetohaveitsownindoorheatedswimmingpool GirtonCollege Cambridge 2020 2 3 17 WordsExercise Gracewasafinewoman perfectinalmostevery aparticularpoint para 1 2 Hedoesn tthinkhisgoalisaone far away para 1 3 Theywerefornotpayingtheirphonebill stopthesupplyofsth para 1 4 Severalstudentshavecalledtowhentobegintheclass ask question para 1 5 Hefeltafterreadingapieceofbadnewsinthenewspaper depressing gloomy para 1 Findinthetextawordorphrasethatbestcompletethesentence respect remote cutoff inquire dismal 2020 2 3 18 WordsExercise 6 Hisproseiseverywhereademonstrationof beingbriefandconcise para 1 7 Ahealthywayoflivingcanhelpyoumanydiseases protectfrom para 3 8 Asspringiscoming thefieldisfillingwith vigor energy life para 4 9 Shenevercaresaboutothers she sjustsocoldand notcaringabout para 4 10 Thoughsheisacareerwoman shestillherselfwithherkidandperformsherdutywellasagoodmother worryorinterest para 5 brevity guardagainst vitality indifferent concerns 2020 2 3 19 WordsExercise 11 Thoseyoungvolunteerworkershaveavaluableservicetothecommunity give causetobe para 5 12 Thegloomyatmosphereintheofficeher makesb feelsadorworried para 6 13 I vebeenrobbedtwice soIthinkI mcautiouswhilewalkinginthestreet reasonably para 6 14 Residentsarebusymoppingupasfloodwaterstherecontinueto movebackoraway para 6 15 Theyhavedecidedtothosesmallfirmstogether combineorjointogether para 6 rendered oppressed justifiably recede merge 2020 2 3 20 TextReading Questions 1 AccordingtoRussell whatistheproperrecipeforremainingyoung Oneisundueabsorptioninthepast theotherisclingingtoyouthinthehopeofsuckingvigorfromitsvitality 2 Whatarethetwodangersoldpeopleshouldguardagainstpsychologically Theproperrecipeforremainingyoungiscultivatingwideandkeeninterestsandtakinganactivepartinactivitiesthatcantakeone smindoffthemerefactofoldage 2020 2 3 21 TextReading Questions 3 Whyisitnousetellinggrown upchildrennottomakemistakes Becausegrown upchildrenhavetheirownideasandthusmaynotfollowtheirparents advice Besides mistakesareinevitableandgrown upchildrencanbecomemorematureandexperiencedthroughmakingmistakes 4 Whatisthebestwayforanoldpersontoovercomethefearofdeath Thebestwayismakepersonalinterestsgraduallywiderandmoreimpersonaluntilone slifebecomesmergedintheuniversallife 2020 2 3 22 TextReading Organization 1 2 1 2 3 3 4 4 5 6 Thehereditaryfactor Fromone sancestorsonecanacquiretherightgenesaswellasguidanceonhowbesttoremainyoung Thehealthfactor Russellhaslittletosayonthis otherthanadmittingthathislifestyleismostlywholesome Thepsychologicalfactor Weshouldguardagainstthedangerofundueabsorptioninthepastandthatofclingingtoyouthinthehopeofsuckingvigourfromitsvitality Thebroaderinterestsfactor Strongimpersonalinterestsmayensureusaneasyandsuccessfuloldageandthebestwaytoovercomethefearofdeathistomakeourinterestswiderandmoreimpersonaluntilourlifebecomesmergedintheuniversallife 2020 2 3 23 StoryofRussell sMaternalGrandmother HerExperience Lostonechildininfancy sufferedfrommanymiscarriagesandfinallybecameawidow HerCareer 1 Devotedherselftowomen shighereducation 2 Co founderofGirtonCollege 3 Workedhardatopeningthemedicalprofessiontowomen Book s SheRead Popularscience HerRecipeforRemainingYoung Nottonoticethatshewasgrowingold TextReading 2020 2 3 24 SummaryofHerstory Shewentthroughalotinherlifetimeandyetshewasoptimisticaboutlife successfulinhercareerandmanagedtolivetotheageofninety two Conclusions 1 Oneshouldhavewideandkeeninterests 2 Itisnotsensibletothinkabouttheexactnumberofyearsonehasalreadylived 3 Itisevenlesssensibletoconsiderhowsoononemightpossiblydie TextReading 2020 2 3 25 First don tliveinmemoriesbuttolookaheadtowhatyou llbedoinginthedaystocome Second don tdependemotionallyontheyoungergenerationinthehopeofgettingvigourfromthem 1 WhatadvicedoestheauthorgiveinPart3 Heaskshisreaderstoforgetthepast becauseonlybythiswaywillonebeabletothinkofwhatiscominginthefutureanddosomethingthatisworthdoing thuskeepinghismindandemotionsaskeenandactiveastheyusedtobe 2 Whatdoestheauthoraskhisreaderstoforget Andwhy TextReading Questions 2020 2 3 26 Heintendstotellhisreadersthatforthesakeoftheirownhealth itispsychologicallynecessaryforelderlypeopletobelessinterestedintheirgrown upchildreneventhoughitisdifficulttodoso 3 Whydoestheauthormakeacomparisonbetweenhumanbeingsandanimals TextReading Questions 2020 2 3 27 Youngpeoplehavetheirownlivestoleadandtheywillnotenjoyelderlypeople scompanyevenifelderlypeoplestillrenderthemmaterialservices 2 Youngpeoplehavetheirownlivestoleadandtheywillnotenjoyelderlypeople scompanyandevenmaterialservices F 1 Forgrown upchildren mistakesareinevitableandtheycanbecomemorematureandexperiencedthroughmakingmistakes T TextReading TrueorFalse 2020 2 3 28 Thereisajustificationforyoungpeopletofeardeathbecauseitwouldbeagreatpityiftheirliveshavebeencutshortunjustlybeforetheyhavehadachancetoenjoyallthebestthingsthatlifehastooffer Itissomewhatignobleforelderlypeopletodosobecausetheyhaveknownhumanjoysandsorrows andhaveachievedwhateverworkitwasinthemtodo 3 Itisignobleforpeopletofeardeathaccordingtotheauthor F 4 Theauthorwishestodiewhilestillatworkbecausehefeelsrelievedthathehastriedhisbestandotherswillsurelycarryonwhathecannotdo T TextReading TrueorFalse 2020 2 3 29 Discussion Workingroupsanddiscusswhatoneshoulddotokeephealthy HowtoKeepHealthy Physicalhealth abalanceddiet adequatesleep properexercises workout Psychologicalhealth peaceofmind optimisticattitude acaringheart wideinterest effectivewaysagainstpressure developsocialties etc 2020 2 3 30 Withwitandhumor BertrandRussellproposesarecipeforlivingahealthylifeatanadvancedage Healsoprovidesinsightsintotheissueoflifeanddeath andtherelationshipbetweentheindividualandtheuniversallife TextReading 2020 2 3 31 Inspiteofthetitle thisarticlewillreallybeonhownottogrowold which atmytimeoflife isamuchmoreimportantsubject Myfirstadvicewouldbetochooseyourancestorscarefully Althoughboth HowtoGrowOld BertrandRussell myparentsdiedyoung Ihavedonewellinthisrespectasregardsmyotherancestors Mymaternalgrandfather itistrue wascutoffintheflowerofhisyouthattheageofsixty seven butmyotherthreegrandparentsalllivedtobeovereighty OfremoterancestorsIcanonlydiscoveronewhodidnotlivetoagreatage andhediedofadiseasewhichisnowrare namely havinghisheadcutoff Agreatgrandmotherofmine whowasafriendofGibbon livedtotheageofninety two andtoherlastdayremainedaterrortoallherdescendants Mymaternal TextReading 1 2020 2 3 32 grandmother afterhavingninechildrenwhosurvived onewhodiedininfancy andmanymiscarriages assoonasshebecameawidow devotedherselftowomen shighereducation ShewasoneofthefoundersofGirtonCollege andworkedhardatopeningthemedicalprofessiontowomen SheusedtorelatehowshemetinItalyanelderlygentlemanwhowaslookingverysad Sheinquiredthecauseofhismelancholyandhesaidthathehadjustpartedfromhistwograndchildren Goodgracious sheexclaimed Ihaveseventy twograndchildren andifIweresadeachtimeIpartedfromoneofthem Ishouldhaveadismalexistence Madresnaturale hereplied Butspeakingasoneoftheseventy two Ipreferherrecipe Aftertheageofeightyshefoundshehadsomedifficultyingettingtosleep soshehabituallyspentthehoursfrommidnightto3a m inreadingpopularscience Idonotbelievethatsheeverhadtimetonoticethatshewasgrowingold This Ithink istheproper TextReading 2020 2 3 33 recipeforremainingyoung Ifyouhavewideandkeeninterestsandactivitiesinwhichyoucanstillbeeffective youwillhavenoreasontothinkaboutthemerelystatisticalfactofthenumberofyearsyouhavealreadylived stilllessoftheprobablebrevityofyourfuture AsregardshealthIhavenothingusefultosaysinceIhavelittleexperienceofillness IeatanddrinkwhateverIlike andsleepwhenIcannotkeepawake Ineverdoanythingwhateveronthegroundthatitisgoodforhealth thoughinactualfactthethingsIlikedoingaremostlywholesome Psychologicallytherearetwodangerstobeguardedagainstinoldage Oneoftheseisundueabsorptioninthepast Itdoesnotdotoliveinmemories inregretsforthegoodolddays orinsadnessaboutfriendswhoaredead One sthoughtsmustbedirectedtothefutureandtothingsaboutwhichthereissomethingtobedone Thisis TextReading 2 3 2020 2 3 34 notalwayseasy one sownpastisagraduallyincreasingweight Itiseasytothinktooneselfthatone semotionsusedtobemorevividthantheyare andone smindmorekeen Ifthisistrueitshouldbeforgotten andifitisforgottenitwillprobablynotbetrue Theotherthingtobeavoidedisclingingtoyouthinthehopeofsuckingvigourfromitsvitality Whenyourchildrenaregrownuptheywanttolivetheirownlives andifyoucontinuetobeasinterestedinthemasyouwerewhentheywereyoung youarelikelytobecomeaburdentothem Animalsbecomeindifferenttotheiryoungassoonastheiryoungcanlookafterthemselves buthumanbeings owingtothelengthofinfancy findthisdifficult Itisnousetellinggrown upchildrennottomakemistakes bothbecausetheywillnotbelieveyou andbecausemistakesareanessentialpartofeducation Butifyouareoneofthosewhoareincapableofimpersonalinterests youmayfindthat TextReading 4 5 2020 2 3 35 yourlifewillbeemptyunlessyouconcernyourselfwithyourchildrenandgrandchildren Inthatcaseyoumustrealizethatwhileyoucanstillrenderthemmaterialservices suchasmakingthemanallowanceorknittingthemjumpers youmustnotexpectthattheywillenjoyyourcompany Someoldpeopleareoppressedbythefearofdeath Intheyoungthereisajustificationforthisfeeling Youngmenwhohavereasontofearthattheywillbekilledinbattlemayjustifiablyfeelbitterinthethoughtthattheyhavebeencheatedofthebestthingsthatlifehastooffer Butinanoldmanwhohasknownhumanjoysandsorrows andhasachievedwhateverworkitwasinhimtodo thefearofdeathissomewhatignoble Thebestwaytoovercomeit soatleastitseemstome istomakeyourinterestsgraduallywiderandmoreimpersonal untilbitbybitthewallsoftheegorecede andyourlifebecomesincreasinglymergedintheuniversallife Anindividualhumanexistenceshouldbelikeariver smallatfirst narrowlycontainedwithinitsbanks TextReading 6 2020 2 3 36 andrushingpassionatelypastrocksandoverwaterfalls Graduallytherivergrowswider thebanksrecede thewatersflowmorequietly andintheend withoutanyvisiblebreak theybecomemergedinthesea andpainlesslylosetheirindividualbeing Themanwho inoldage canseehislifeinthisway willnotsufferfromthefearofdeath sincethethingshecaresforwillcontinue Andif withthedecayofvitality wearinessincreases thethoughtofrestwillnotbeunwelcome Ishouldwishtodiewhilestillatwork knowingthatotherswillcarryonwhatIcannolongerdoandcontentinthethoughtthatwhatwaspossiblehasbeendone TextReading 2020 2 3 37 1 Whatdoes inthisrespect referto Althoughbothmyparentsdiedyoung Ihavedonewellinthisrespectasregardsmyotherancestors Itreferstochoosingone sancestorscarefully ItisnaturallyhumorousofRusselltosayhehasdonewellinchoosinghisancestorsbecauseinrealitynoonecanchoosehisorherownancestors 2 Translatethesentence 虽然我的父母皆属早逝 但是考虑到我其他的祖先 我的选择尚好 Althoughbothmyparents 2020 2 3 38 Agreatgrandmotherofmine whowasafriendofGibbon livedtotheageofninety two andtoherlastdayremainedaterrortoallherdescendants Whydidtheauthor sgreatgrandmotherremaina terror toallherdescendants Shewasinsuchgoodhealththatshewasheldinawebyherchildrenandgrandchildrenrightupuntilthedayofherdeath Agreatgrandmother 2020 2 3 39 Ifyouhavewideandkeeninterestsandactivitiesinwhichyoucanstillbeeffective youwillhavenoreasontothinkaboutthemerelystatisticalfactofthenumberofyearsyouhavealreadylived stilllessoftheprobablebrevityofyourfuture Whatdoestheauthorsuggestinthissentence Hesuggeststhatyoushouldcultivatewideandkeeninterestsanddoactivitiesinwhichyoucanbeeffective Ifyouhavewide 2020 2 3 40 Ineverdoanythingwhateveronthegroundthatitisgoodforhealth thoughi