2013级四级班期中试卷.doc

2013级四级班期中试卷Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.For Roy Johnson, a senior magazine editor, the latest indignity came after a recent dinner at a fancy restaurant in the wealthy New York City suburb where he and his family live. First the parking valet handed him the keys to his Jaguar instead of fetching the car. Then an elderly white couple came out and handed him the keys to their black Mercedes-Benz. “It took them a while to realize that I was not a valet,” says Johnson. “It didnt matter that I was dressed for dinner and had paid a handsome price for the meal, just as he had. What mattered was that I didnt fit his idea of someone who could be equal to him.” Such incidents, which are depressingly familiar to African-Americans of all ages, incomes and social classes, help explain why black and white attitudes often differ so completely. A recent survey found that 68 percent of blacks believe racism is still a major problem in America. Only 38 percent of whites agreed. Many Americans find the gulf between blacks and whites bewildering. After all, official segregation(隔离) is a bad memory and 40 years of law, policies and court decisions have helped African-Americans make significant progress toward equal opportunity. Indeed, a black man born in Harlem could be the nations next president. But racism persists, unmistakable to every black but largely invisible to many whites. It is evident in the everyday encounters African-Americans have with racial prejudice and discrimination, like the valet parking incident. Such encounters often strike whites as trivial misunderstandings. But they remind blacks that they are often dismissed as less intelligent, less industrious, less honest and less likely to succeed. Some insults are clearly racist; others may be evidence of insensitivity or bad manners rather than racial prejudice. But the accumulation of insults feeds anger. “What is amazing to me is the number of whites who express surprise that any of this happens,” observes Mary Frances Berry, chairperson of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, who says she has been watched at shopping malls.56. The word “valet” in the first paragraph most probably means _ .A) a restaurant owner B) a driver of expensive carsC) a wealthy-looking gentleman D) a restaurant employee taking care of dinners car57. Roy Johnson was unfairly treated because _.A) his car was inferior in quality B) he didnt wear proper clothesC) he failed to express himself clearly D) he is black58. From the passage we can learn that _ .A) both blacks and whites are bewildered by racismB) examples of racism are becoming rare in the USC) official segregation is forgotten because of bad memoriesD) a black man born in Harlem will be the next US president59. It is implied in the passage that many white people deny the presence of racism in the US because _.A) they tend to regard instances of racism as trivial misunderstandingsB) they have never seen any instance of racism in their daily encountersC) they believe African-Americans have made significant progressD) they have treated black people as their equals on all occasions60. Judging from the context, the most possible explanation for Mary Frances Berrys being watched at shopping malls is that _ .A) she was a celebrityB) she didnt fit peoples idea of an Afro-American womanC) many people nowadays are insensitive and rudeD) she is blackPassage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.People in the United States honor their parents with two special days: Mothers Day, on the second Sunday in May, and Fathers Day, on the third Sunday in June.Mothers Day was proclaimed a day for national observance by President Woodrow Wilson in 1915. Ann Jarvis from Grafton, West Virginia, had started the idea to have a day to honor mothers. She was the one who chose the second Sunday in May and also began the custom of wearing a carnation.In 1909, Mrs. Dodd from Spokane, Washington, thought of the idea of a day to honor fathers. She wanted to honor her own father, William Smart. After her mother died, he had the responsibility of raising a family of five sons and a daughter. In 1910, the first Fathers Day was observed in Spokane. Senator Margaret Chase Smith helped to established Fathers Day as a national commemorative day, in 1972.These days are set aside to show love and respect for parents. They raise their children and educate them to be responsible citizens. They give love and care.These two special days are celebrated in many different ways. On Mothers Day people wear carnations. A red one symbolizes a living mother. A white one shows that the mother is deadMany people attend religious services to honor parents. It is also a day when people whose parents are dead visit the cemetery. On these days families get together at home, as well as in restaurants. They often have outdoor barbecues for Fathers Day. These are days of fun and good feelings and memories.61According to the passage, which of the following about the second Sunday in May is not true ?A) It is a day to show love to mothersB) It is a day to wear carnationsC) It is a day for people to visit the cemeteryD) It is a day for many people to attend religious services62Choose the right time order of the following events.a. The first Fathers Day was observedb. Mothers Day was proclaimed a day for national observancec. Fathers Day became a day for national observance.d. The idea of honoring fathers was bought up A) a b c d B) d a b c C) b a c d D) d a c b63Who plays the most important role in Fathers Day becoming a national commemorative day?A) Mrs. Do B) Margaret Chase Smith C) Ann Jarvis D) Woodrow Wilson64From the passage, we know in the U.S _.A) one should wear a red carnation if ones mother pass awayB) on Mothers Day, families often go out to have barbecuesC) on Fathers Day, people often stay at home to celebrate the special day.D) The purpose to have these two special days is to show love to parents65The authors purpose of writing this passage is to _A) call on people to love and respect their parents.B) introduce Mothers Day and Fathers Day.C) tell the difference between Mothers Day and Fathers DayD) show how important fathers and mothers arePart IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.常言道，好的开端是成功的一半。在求职时，求职者事先做好充分的准备是非常重要的。我认为，事先做不做准备显然会影响求职者的成功机会。我的一位朋友在一家大型计算机软件公司供职，年薪十万美元左右。他根据自己的经历告诉我说，那些面试未来雇员的具有录用决定权的人喜欢有充分准备的人。答案：2013级四级班期中试卷Section C 56-60 DDAAD 61-65 CBBDBPart IVWell begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success. I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a year in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. 常言道，好的开端是成功的一半。在求职时，求职者事先做好充分的准备是非常重要的。我认为，事先做不做准备显然会影响求职者的成功机会。我的一位朋友在一家大型计算机软件公司供职，年薪十万美元左右。他根据自己的经历告诉我说，那些面试未来雇员的具有录用决定权的人喜欢有充分准备的人。2013级四级班四级模考1Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Resources can be said to be scarce in both an absolute and relative sense: the surface of the Earth is finite, imposing absolute scarcity; but the scarcity that concerns economists is the relative scarcity of resources in different uses. Materials used for one purpose cannot at the same time be used for other purposes; if the quantity of an input is limited, the increased use of it in one manufacturing process must cause it to become less available for other uses.The cost of a product in terms of money may not measure its true cost to society. The true cost of, say, the construction of a supersonic jet is the value of the schools and refrigerators that will never be built as a result. Every act of production uses up some of societys available resources; it means the foregoing of an opportunity to produce something else. In deciding how to use resources most effectively to satisfy the wants of the community, this opportunity cost must ultimately be taken into account.In a market economy the price of a good and the quantity supplied depend on the cost of making it, and that cost, ultimately, is the cost of not making other goods. The market mechanism enforces this relationship. The cost of, say, a pair of shoes is the price of the leather, the labor, the fuel, and other elements used up in producing them. But the price of these inputs, in turn, depends on what they can produce elsewhereif the leather can be used to produce handbags that are valued highly by consumers, the prices of leather will be bid up correspondingly.56. What does this passage mainly discuss?A) The scarcity of manufactured goods.B) The value of scarce materials.C) The manufacturing of scarce goods.D) The cost of producing shoes.57. According to the passage, what are the opportunity costs of an item?A) The amount of time and money spent in producing it.B) The opportunities a person has to buy it.C) The value of what could have been produced instead.D) The value of the resources used in its production.58. According to the passage, what is the relationship between production and resources?A) Available resources stimulate production.B) Resources are totally independent of production.C) Production increases as resources increase.D) Production lessens the amount of available resources.59. What determines the price of a good in a market economy?A) The cost of all elements in production. B) The cost of not making other goods.C) The efficiency of the manufacturing process. D) The quantity of materials supplied.60. Which of the following examples BEST reflects a cost to society as defined in the passage?A) A family buying a dog.B) Eating in a restaurant instead of at home.C) Using land for a house instead of a park.D) Staying at home instead of going to school.Passage Two Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well beings of a social groups members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give others and may discipline group members who inhibit (阻碍) attainment of the groups goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.61. What does the passage mainly discuss?A) The problems faced by leaders.B) How leadership differs in small and large groups.C) How social groups determine who will lead them.D) The role of leaders in social groups.62. The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT .A) recruitmentB) formal election processC) specific leadership trainingD) traditional cultural patterns63. Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph 2?A) person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group.B) Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.C) A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.D) Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.64. In mentioning “natural leaders” in line 7, the author is making the point that .A) few people qualify as “natural leaders”B) there is no proof that “natural leaders” existC) “natural leaders” are easily accepted by the members of a groupD) “natural leaders” share a similar set of characteristics65. The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on.A) ensuring harmonious relationships B) sharing responsibility with group membersC) identifying new leadersD) achieving a goalPart Translation (25 minutes，15 points)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet.改革开放30 年来，随着中国逐渐崛起成为政治经济强国，海外人士学习汉语的现象与日俱增，海外孔子学院也成了人们学习中国语言和中国文化的首选之地。 通过学习汉语，他们对这个和自己文化大相径庭的古老文明产生了浓厚的兴趣，而且有机会了解中国的哲学、艺术、医学、饮食文化，亲身体验这个文明古国的风采。 作为第二文化，中国文化也丰富了他们的生活, 越来越多的学习汉语的美国人除了对中国菜肴赞不绝口之外，也在尝试针灸(acupuncture)，草药和武术。答案：2013级四级班四级模考1Section C56-60 B C D A C 61-65 D C A B DPart Translation改革开放30 年来，随着中国逐渐崛起成为政治经济强国，海外人士学习汉语的现象与日俱增，海外孔子学院也成了人们学习中国语言和中国文化的首选之地。 通过学习汉语，他们对这个和自己文化大相径庭的古老文明产生了浓厚的兴趣，而且有机会了解中国的哲学、艺术、医学、饮食文化，亲身体验这个文明古国的风采。 作为第二文化，中国文化也丰富了他们的生活, 越来越多的学习汉语的美国人除了对中国菜肴赞不绝口之外，也在尝试针灸(acupuncture)，草药和武术。 As China is rising as a political and economic world power, thanks to its three-decade reform and opening up， more and more people in overseas countries start to learn Chinese and turn to a Confucius Institute in their own countries as their first choice learning Chinese language and Chinese culture.During the learning process，the learners develop their interest in this ancient land，whose civilization is so vastly different from theirs. And the learners have opportunities to learn about Chinese philosophy, art, architecture, medicine and catering culture and experience first-hand the splendors of this civilization. As the second culture, Chinese culture has enriched their life. Apart from their love for Chinese cuisine, more and more American learners of Chinese language are turning to Chinese acupuncture, herbal medicines, martial arts.2013级四级班四级模考2Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturers claims, the first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction. A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the “higher up” his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumers favor, assuming he or she has a just claim. Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in ques