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圆柱螺旋弹簧测力分选机结构设计【10张CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩优秀】

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关键词：: 圆柱螺旋弹簧测力分选结构设计全套 cad 图纸毕业论文答辩优秀优良

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摘要.........................................................I

Abstract....................................................II

第1章绪论.................................................4

1.1 课题研究目的及意义....................................4

1.2分选机分选方式研究....................................6

1.3课题国内外现状.........................................6

1.3.1国外分选机研究现状..................................6

1.3.2国内分选机研究现状.................................. 7

1.4存在问题...............................................7

第2章方案的选择与设计..................................9

2.1本课题的设计任务.......................................9

2.2圆柱螺旋弹簧分选机的设计思路..........................9

2.3送料机构..............................................10

2.4加力与检测机构........................................11

2.5落料分选机构..........................................12

第3章总体的机构设计...................................14

第4章弹簧分选机零件结构设计.........................16

4.1齿轮的选择设计........................................16

4.2夹持轴承与轴的连接的夹具的选择.......................17

4.2.1上夹具的设计.......................................17

4.2.2下夹具的设计.......................................19

4.3气缸的设计选择........................................20

4.4传动轴的选择设计......................................22

4.5轴承的选择设计........................................24

4.5.1原动部分装配所选用的轴承...........................24

4.5.2 执行部分装配所选用的轴承..........................26

4.6其他主要零部件的设计.................................28

4.6.1键的选择设计.......................................28

4.6.2轴套的选择设计......................................28

4.6.3电动机的选择设计...................................29

4.6.4分料盘的设计.......................................31

4.6.5底座的设计................................ 32

第5章校核计算..................................34

5.1底座上板的受力分析与弯曲应力计算...................34

5.2 轴受力分析与应力计算.............................. 36

总结............................................39

致谢............................................41

参考文献........................................42

附录............................................43

摘要

弹簧的应用十分广泛可以说是各种机械、电器、化工等产品的关键零件。凡是承受变载荷的弹簧，在企业内部质量控制、用户交验、新产品定型鉴定、认证，行业抽检和工艺调整环节中，必须进行性能检测。所以弹簧检测是其生产过程必不可少的工序，测力是检测的主要内容之一。弹簧测力分选机是在基于工业进程高速发展的今天，结合圆柱螺旋弹簧的需求量和生产企业需求的前提下所应运而生的。本论文主要是对分选机的机械结构进行研究,设计，实验与制造。

此弹簧分选机是针对大批量生产的弹簧依据其弹性系数不同，按照预先规定的指标进行测试自动筛选出合格与不合格产品，并在不合格产品范围内依据是否可以修复将弹簧进一步细分，自动流入不同料箱，以此应用与不同场合。这种弹簧分选机是安装在弹簧加工过程中的检测工艺工段线上，针对汽车、摩托车离合器弹簧生产制造工艺设计的，适用于各种类型的圆柱螺旋弹簧的分选。

本论文首先论述螺旋弹簧分选机的分选方式以及国内外分选机的研究现状和设备的性能优缺点，结合课题背景，提出本论文的主要研究内容。在对弹簧特点与控制需求进行分析的基础上，提出了分选机机械结构的方案设计。

在论文中所研究和设计的圆柱螺旋弹簧分选机，满足功能要求，解决了弹簧生产过程中的实际问题，提高了生产与检测效率，为以后此类设备的设计提供了借鉴作用。

关键词：圆柱螺旋弹簧; 分选机; 弹性系数

Abstract

Spring testing is the phase of the production process essential working procedure, load is one of the main content of detection. Spring load separator is in today's rapid development based on industrial process, in combination with the demand and production of cylindrical helical spring under the premise of enterprise requirements arises at the historic moment. This thesis mainly is the study of mechanical structure of the separator, the design, the experiments and manufacture.

This spring sorting machine is for mass production according to the elastic coefficient of the spring, in accordance with the prescribed index test automatically select the qualified and unqualified products, and within the scope of the unqualified products according to whether can repair will spring further subdivided, automatic into the different material box, with different situations in application. The spring separator is installed in the spring section of online detection technology, in the process of machining for automobile, motorcycle clutch spring manufacturing process design, suitable for various types of cylindrical helical spring sorting.

This paper first expounds the separation method of helical spring sorting machine and the performance of the domestic and foreign research situation of the separator and equipment advantages and disadvantages, combined with the project background, puts forward the main research content of this paper. On the analysis of the demand and control characteristics of the spring, on the basis of sorting machine mechanical structure design are put forward.

In the thesis the research and design of cylindrical helical spring sorting machine, meet the functional requirements, solved the practical problems in the process of producing spring, improve the efficiency of the production and testing, design provides a reference for such a facility.

Keywords: Cylindrical helical spring; separator; Modulus of elasticity

第1章绪论

1.1 课题研究目的及意义

弹簧的应用十分广泛，可以说是各种机械,电器,化工等产品的关键零件。近几年来，国内弹簧工业的设计制造及材料方面有了新的发展，对弹簧的要求也越来越高，在各种螺旋弹簧中，内燃机的气门簧是其中较为重要的弹簧之一，它是国家质监部门要求负荷值全检的产品，装入内燃机的每一只气门簧，都必须经过数字检测设备的严格检测，这样才能保证内燃机工作的可靠性与寿命。由于内燃机气门弹簧种类繁多，数量巨大。因此，用普通的手动检测设备进行检测，由人进行分类的方法，容易产生许多误操作使得供,需双方发生许多的摩擦与误会并且工作量也是十分巨大的。因此，各弹簧生产厂及主机厂均希望能拥有一种能在线进行检测并能自动进行分类的设备——弹簧分选机，但是，目前国内市场上能见到的弹簧分选机均为国外厂家生产的，这些分选机不但分组单一，且价格昂贵。国内各弹簧生产设备及检测设备生产厂均未研制出高效实用的弹簧分选机。国外市场上能见的分选机类型为两种——高精度型和高速度型；高精度型弹簧分选机主要用来分选那些精度要求很高的弹簧，但这种分选机的分选速度很低，不适合大批量弹簧生产的需要。高速度型弹簧分选机在速度上能达到较高的要求但价格非常昂贵。国内很多弹簧生产机检测设备生产厂针对各自的需求研发了一些弹簧分选机设备，如基于重力的弹簧分选机，基于尺寸的弹簧分选机，基于压力的弹簧分选机，这些设备在功能和性价比上都还和国外同类产品有一定差距。

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内容简介：: Journal of Shanghai Jiao tong University ( Science ) ， Vo 1 E 一 10， No .4 ， 2005 ， 381386 Article ID： 1 007 11 72( 2 0 05) 0 4 03 81 - 06 The Hydraulic Control Using LabVIEW for a Synthetic Rubber Spring Testing Machine Alejandro Borda( 博尔达 ) ， WANG Xu yong ( 王旭永 ) ( Mechatronic Inst ， Shanghai Jiaotong Univ ， shanghai 200030， China ) Abstract： The application is a control movement of two hydraulic cylinder for a synchronize movement. The main purpose of this paper is to show a short programming code in LabVIEW to control the movement of two cylinders with an automatic control program using only analog inputs from the sensor of pressure and linear displacement sensor and the digital output from the hydraulic valves This is designed for one of the test of this synthetic rubber spring testing machine Key words： rubber elasticity; multi layer rubber spring； stacked sequence structure Document code： A Introduction The synthetic rubber test machine is to test the rubber spring of the subway wagon The practical use of this machine is to make a preventing maintenance so we can know with accuracy the spending life of the rubber spring Every rubber spring is a subject of a cycle or working hours, after this period the testing of this spring rubber must do it according to specification of the manufacturer， the testing machine is designed to test 4 kinds of rubber springs； the one that is used for this test is called multi layer rubber spring The main characteristic of this test，compared with the other rubber springs， is that this is the only one which combines the force of two cylinders： one vertical and one horizontal. 1. Structure Assembly The structure assembly for the testing machine is very simple The testing platform has an upper frame， mobile frame， lower frame， test piece vertical column of a chucking frame，chucking frame support upper of the working platform， hydraulic system is installed down to the working platform The platform highest hydraulic pressure is 150 KN ， and a simple mechanical structure only uses two vertical columns to hold it At the same time the design is under the consideration of the rigid transversal measurement of the multilayer rubber spring elements Moreover， there are different test pieces and the measurements are not the Same The horizontal hydraulic cylinder is fixed into the frame structure The altitude of the base can be modified according to the testing piece just changing the base support according to the test. The vertical pressure sensor is fixed at the head of the vertical cylinder The movement of the vertical cylinder is always pushing down applying a compression force into the testing piece The vertical sensor is installed at the bottom frame structure in a fixed position just parallel to the vertical columns The vertical force sensor is installed at the base of the head of the ntsvertical cylinder and also the horizontal displacement sensor is installed at the back of the horizontal cylinder right at the bottom of this ( View Fig.1 ) During the elasticity test of a multi layer rubber spring， a horizontal force must be apply to 65 KN and then the horizontal cylinder must displace 土 30 mm， during this process we acquire the analog signal from the force sensor of the horizontal cylinder， then we have to measure the constant K of the rubber spring for this reason using this formula K=(F1+F2) 60(N mm) Fig.1 General view of the testing machine 1-Upper frame； 2-Vertical cylinder； 3-Mobile frame； 4-Vertical force sensor； 5-Force column； 6-Verticl displacement sensor； 7-Test piece； 8-Tool plate； 9-Lower frame； 10-Assembly frame；11- Horizontal force sensor； 12-Horizontal cylinder ; 13-Horizontal displacement sensor 2. Pressure System The pressure system principles can be seen as in the Fig .2 The system uses two hydraulic pump connected with an electrical motor， the hydraulic pumps never exceed the working pressure of 16 MPa， a flow of 6 ml/r and 16 ml/r The pump station is designed with a pressure gauge meter， filter etc The pumps working pressure(horizontal and vertical cylinder)is divided through four electromagnetic valves The pump 1 is designed for three different working pressure(150，100,50 KN).Therefore for the high frequency of measurement test the speed of both hydraulic pumps can be adjusted using a valve During the loading test the speed is about 1mm s， this is also during the unloading process The speed can be adjusting around 2mm s； the system has two close valves these are for protecting the hydraulic pumps. The schematic of the hydraulic system can be appreciated in the Fig.2 and the control and change of the electromagnetic valves can be seen in Tab.1 nts Fig.2 Hydraulic pressure diagram 1， 2， 3， 4 一 Pressure relief valve； 5,6 一 Electromagnetic commute valves； 7， 8 一 One way re strictor； 9 一 Flow control one way valve； 10， II， I2 一 Electromagnetic commute valves；I3 一 One way valve； 14-Gate valve； 15 - Filter； 16-Pressure gauge； 17 一 Air filter Tab 1 Action chart of the hydraulicsystem Standard state Main cylinder fast advanced Main cylinder slow advanced Main cylinder slow return Main cylinder fast return Horizontal cylinder left advanced Horizontal cylinder right advanced Main cylinder hydraulic pressure I Main cylinder hydraulic pressure2 Main cylinder hydraulic pressure3 3. Acquisition Card and Control Drivers For the control and acquisition of data we use two different cards: one analog card to collect the signal from the sensors and the other digital card to control the on off valves. Both cards are advantech cards， these cards are made in Taiwan and they are also controllable using LabVIEW， the drivers for LabVIEW must be downloading from the Website of Advantechl Company. The ntsanalog card is the PCL 818L 16 singleended or 8 differential analog inputs， 40 kHz， 12-bit A/D converter (conversion time 25 s) Programmable gain for each input channel(up to 8 )Automatic channel/gain scanning with DMA The Digital I/O card is PCL-730 which has 32 isolated DIO channels(16 inputs and 16 outputs)， the hardware structure you can appreciate in Fig.3 Fig.3 The hardware system structure 4. Programming of the Control Program Once we install the drivers for the advantech cards the program can start. The configuration of the program is a basic control using LabVIEW as it shows in Fig.4 At the beginning stage the vertical cylinder compresses the rubber spring until it senses a force of 65 KN then horizontal cylinder must start moving + 30 mm to the right and then return to the left-60mm and then move to the right+ 30 mm and stop， and the vertical cylinder returns to its original point(view Fig.4) During this combination process one of the difficulties is the control movement because this movement must be synchronized to avoid both cylinders colliding In this case we are going to show only the control for the cylinders because the full control of this program is too extended to show it in this report also we are only going to show the back panel program to control this test This LabVIEW program is mainly designed by using the element called stacked sequence structure which consists of one or more sub diagrams， or frames， that execute sequentially Use the stacked sequence structure to ensure a sub diagram executes before or after another sub diagram Fig 4 View of the control process of the cylinders 4.1 Beginning Stage As you can see in Fig.5,at the first stage when the vertical cylinder is coming down until the vertical force sensor acquire 65kN of force against the rubber spring then the cylinder stops and stays in this position until the test is completed(See also Fig.4) 4.2 First Stage For the control of the horizontal cylinder, first we have to acquire the initial posit using the horizontal displacement sensor， and then we can mark our initial point and base on this initial point and can make our displacement and control of the cylinder counting + 30 mm (View Fig.6 ) 4.3 Second Stage During the second stage the return of the horizontal cylinder must extend -60mm to the left and then stop ,during this process we must acquire the measurement of the force that the cylinder exerts over the rubber spring(See Fig 7) 4 .4 Third Stage In the third stage， the cylinder must return + 30mm to the right and then stop to the original point( first stage )( See Fig 8) 4 .5 Final Stage nts0nce the horizontal cylinder has returned to the original point(First Stage)and the program has shut off all the valves of the horizontal cylinder and then the vertical cylinder must start working In this case， the vertical cylinder uses the vertical displacement sensor to make the cylinder return the original point of work， but at the beginning because we need to control the force applied to the spring rubber we have to use the force sensor to do this(See Fig 9) Fig.5 Beginning stage of the vertical cylinder Fig.6 First stage of the horizontal cylinder Fig 7 Second s t a g e of t he h or i z ont al c yl i nd e r The stacked sequence structure has many frames in order to make run a sequence we use 10 sequence during this program from 0 to 9； in this report we only show the principal stages, for the intern media stages are mainly to control the off of the valves of the last stage This is because the valves that we are using are onoff valves and the retain memory of the last process, SO we must careful when we programming by using the stacked sequence structure For example， you can see Fig.10. this show the last stage 9 which is when the vertical cylinder stops at the initial point. The signals acquired from the horizontal displacement sensor and the horizontal force sensor are used to plot a curve of the elasticity of the rubber spring using， during this test we can measure the K constant of the rubber spring This allow US to know the life cycle and also the condition of this rubber spring， to have a clear idea of this process we can see Fig.11，as you see， Fy is the horizontal force signal(KN)and the Sy horizontal displacement signal(mm)，F1 and F2 are the final forces acquired during the end of the measurement of the first and second stage The final plot in the program can tell us the status of the multi layer rubber spring which you can see in Fig.12 Fig 10 Last frame of the vertical cylinder Fig 11 Data processing of the rubber spring during the test Fig 12 Final plot of the rubber elasticity curve using the program data 5. Conclusion LabVIEW is used to program the control of the cylinder This is an easy and reliable software and without using coding programming to do this The only issue that we must take care is to have the libraries for the acquisition card that we are going to use if these are not NI control cards The development of this machine helps us to make preventing maintenance The elements of control are not difficult to acquire but the software could be a difficult step to do it but using LabVIEW this step is a simple one One of the advantages of LabVIEW is that the undergoing work can be seen in a visual way so this helps us to see and correct any mistake in the program without debugging the main code when we use Visual C+ + or another programming language References 1 Essick J Advanced Lab VIEW M NY， USA； Prentince Hall, 1999 2 Bitter R， Mohiuddin T， Nawrocki M Lab VIEW： Advanced programming techniques M 2nd ed Boca Raton： CRS Press,2001 3 Wang Xiong bing, Wang Xu yong, Xie Wen hua. Development of a rubber spring ntssynthetic test bed J Electrical Locomotives Mass Transit Vehicles， 2003， 26(6):41 43 4 Wang Xiong bing， Wang Xu yong Test and data analysis on rubber spring J Electrical Locomotives Mass Transit Vehicles， 2003， 26(4)： 56 59 References 1 Liu C R， Mittal S Single step superfinish hard machining ： Feasibility and f

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