六级改错满分策略讲义(PPT).ppt

ErrorCorrection 改错突破 Checklist 缺词 多词名词 数 可数性形容 副词 形式 级近义搭配时态 语态动词虚拟语气非谓语动词As like结构 11 定语从句的关系词12 前后照应主谓一致时态一致c 指代一致d 修辞一致13 逻辑关系 连词 连接性副词反义词其它 1缺词 多词 缺漏及赘述错误主要表现为漏掉介词 代词 关系词 冠词 连词等或重复意义相同或相近的词语以及出现两个主语等 单数可数名词一般前应有冠词 但有些固定搭配中不用冠词Dishwashersandwashingmachinesdojobsthatwereoncedonebythehand by the hand byhand 1缺词 多词 不及物动词作谓语的关系代词前的介词IsuddenlyrealizedthatmyownparentsaretheoneswhomIcanrely on whom不及物动词后接宾语应添加介词Butperhapsweshouldlookatbothsidesofthecoinbeforearrivinghastyconclusions Thisleadschangesinthewayoflife arriving at leads to 固定搭配中是否缺介词 注意隔离修饰Ineveryhomeastereoortelevisionwillfilltheroomssound filltherooms with sound短语中是否漏词句子结构是否完整Inthenineteenthcentury farmworkandlifewerenotmuchchangedfromthattheyhadbeenintheolddays That what 原从句缺少宾语 定语从句中是否多了主语和宾语 Moreexamples Wehavetomakecleartoeachworkerthateverybodymustobservetheserules make makeit宾语为动词不定式或从句时 必须在动词与宾语补足语之间加上形式宾语it Thoughwehaveknowngreatdealaboutspace westillhavealottolearn greatdeal agreatdeal 修饰不可数名词 Thesongssoundedviaradiosinrestaurants fromcarspassingonthehighwaysandshoeshine 擦皮鞋 parlors and in shoeshineparlors此处应是与前面词组inrestaurants和fromcars并列的介词短语 Bothnaturalandsyntheticman maderubberareoflittlevalueintheirrawstate 去掉synthetic或man madeMonsoonwinds 季风 sometimesmaskedbyotherfeaturesofthegeneralatmosphericcirculation theyareassociatedwithnearlyalllargecontinentallandmasses 去掉they同Monsoonwinds重复 2名词 名词的限定 ThedaybeforethespeechcontestEnglishteacher my可数名词前通常要加修饰语 此句虽然有English 但指代不明 根据上下文 加上my比较贴切 名词可数与不可数的误用 Toomuchtestsaredisadvantageforstudents study 误 Inmodernsociety peopleareundervariouspressures 误 名词的单复数 1 andaskedmelotsofquestion Questions question 为可数名词 在lotsof后面 应加 s 2 Westudyquiteafewsubject suchasmaths subjectsAfew后面应跟可数名词的复数形式 3 andoftenwatchfootballmatchonTV matches经常观看足球赛 Match时可数名词 应用复数形式 4 Shesaidthatsheandmyschoolmateallwishedmesuccess schoolmates此处为复数概念 应加上 s 3形容 副词与比较 形容词用来修饰名词或作表语 副词修饰形容副词或动词 经常有误用Itisessentialthatpeoplebepsychologicalabletoresisttheimpactbroughtaboutbythetransitionfromplannedeconomytomarketeconomy Psychological psychologically修饰形容词Manhasusedmetalsforcenturiesingradualincreasingquantities Gradual gradually修饰动词 现在分词形式 2 系动词和感官动词后接形容词 系动词包括be appear seem become turn go come grow keep 感官动词包括feel smell taste sound look等 其中有些系动词又可以做实义动词 become成为 appear出现 turn转动 go去 come来 grow种植 成长 keep保留Ifrequentlyfeelweaklyanddissatisfiedwithmyself Allthedishestastemostdeliciously Weakly weakDeliciously delicious 3 ly结尾的词不一定都是副词 如friendly woolly长绒毛的 costly昂贵的 lonely elderly olderly fatherly brotherly deadly等 注意区分 4 以a 开头的形容词一般只作表语 afraid alike akin alive alone asleep awake ashamed afloat alight发亮 燃着的等 如果用作了定语 则需更换成相应形式 5 有些副词有两种形式 但意义不同 需加以区分High高highly 高度地Deep深deeply 深深地Wide宽 大widely 广泛 大大地Hard努力hardly 几乎不Near近nearly 几乎 将近close近closely 细心 严密 密切Late迟lately 最近Most最mostly 主要 通常Just刚 仅 正好justly公平 正当 精确地Pretty相当 非常prettily漂亮地 令人愉悦地 Right就 正是 顺利rightly正确 当 公正地Slow缓慢 go run speak read slowly慢慢 渐渐地Loud loudly大声地 louder loudest Fair公平 公正 正好fairly相当 适度 公正Easy不着急 慢慢 容易easily轻易 容易 很可能Dead突然 完全 直接deadly极为 死一般地Clean完全 一直cleanly干净利落地Clear清楚 完全 远离clearly清楚 显然 明亮 Hegotup walkedacrosstheroom andwithasharpquickmovementflungthedoorwidelyopen Widelyopen wideopen 6 比较结构中 一般用than来连接 但有些词用to如 superior inferior senior junior 或者as as Theirfieldsyieldtwiceasmuchcornthisyearthantheydidlastyearafteradoptingtheadvancedtechnology Than as 7 有些词本身就是最高级不可在添加more mostexcellent perfect complete entire ly extreme unique round dead alive ultimate utter square等 Theymaylearnthatquestionswhichseemedmostentirelyobjectivethenappeartobehighlybiasedtosomeoneelse Mostentirely entirely 8 混淆比较的两部分 如 Theclimateinthecoastalcitiesismuchwarmerthanintheinteriorcities 在than与in之间应加指示代词that 句中用于比较的两个部分是气候而不是地区 4近义词 某些近义词表面意思讲得通 但不贴切或不准确 需要进行替换 Decidinghowmuchdiscomfortandriskwearepreparedtoputupwithinthenameofbetterhealthisahighpersonalmatter High highly极为 高度Betweensunriseandsunset streetsandhighwaysareaconstantsourceofvoicefromcars buses Voice noise 5搭配 主要涉及形容词 名词 动词等与介词的搭配 动词 形容词与名词的搭配以及比较结构等固定搭配 Onsomefields thishasclearlynothappened Onsomefields inWeaskedalady whorepliedthatshethoughtyoucouldtellawell manneredpersononthewaytheyoccupiedthespacearoundthem Ontheway by fromthewayThishasprobablybeenthecaseinquiteawhile In for Suchreasonsaretotallydependentinthebalanceofrisksandbenefitsforthepatients Dependentin dependentonIfhewasabsentbecauseofsickness therewasoftennojobfromhimwhenhereturned Fromhim forhimWehavelittletimetoreadsomebookswhichweinterest areinterestedin 6时态和语态 根据时间状语 包括副词 词组 和从句 或逻辑对句子的时态作出正确判断 Wheretuberculosis 肺结核 vanished itcameback Vanished hadvanishedBythetimethesunsetsthisevening IwillhavefinishedthebookIamwritingforthelastsixyears amwriting havebeenwritingIwaswalkingalongtheroad andtherearenotsomanycarsonthestreet Thereare therewere 熟记事态的特殊规律陈述真理或常识性事件时 用一般现在时时间 条件从句中不能用将来时 静态动词不能用进行时态 a be动词和have 有 b applyto belongto differfrom cost weigh measure fit hold 容纳 lack resemble等c 表示感觉的动词feel hear see smell tasted 心理或情感动词assume believe consider detest 憎恶 feat hate hope wish like love regret know suppose understand want remember imagine notice Heresembleshisfather Iknowthatthisissueisimportant IhaveEnglishclassicliterarybooks Cf IamhavingawonderfultimeinHawaii 6时态 语态 要根据句意确定使用主动还是被动被动语态不仅出现在谓语的位置上 还出现在非谓语动词结构中 还有不同的时体变化 Wheneverwehearofanaturaldisaster eveninadistantpartoftheworld wefeelsympathyforthepeopletohaveaffected Tohaveaffected tohavebeenaffectedTheoldJewishcustomofbathingthefeetofallstrangersthatcamewithintheirgatesisstillbepracticinginpartsofPalestine Isstillbepracticing isstillbeingpracticed 只有及物动词或词组才用被动形式 但并非所有及物动词都可用于被动结构 如have let become get fit suit lack resemble小心被动结构不规则动词的过去分词形式Throughouthistory shoeshavebeenworenotonlyforprotectionbutalsofordecoration Havebeenwore havebeenworn 7动词 除了要时态 语态 还要注意是否及物动词Thetrafficaccidentwastakenplaceatthejunctionoftwohighways 误 Thetrafficaccidenttookplaceatthejunctionoftwohighways 正 Becauseofhisexcellentperformance thebossrosehissalary 误 Becauseofhisexcellentperformance thebossraisedhissalary 正 介词to和不定式符号的混淆 Toomanytestswilldoharmtocultivateourindependentthinking 误 Toomanytestswilldoharmtothecultivationofourindependentthinking 正 Allthesecontributedtosolvetheseriousproblem 误 Allthesecontributedtothesolutiontotheseriousproblem 正 情态动词的误用 Itmaynotgoodtoourhealth 误 Itmaybenotgoodtoourhealth 正 Theyshouldspentmuchtime 误 Theyshouldspendmuchtime 正 8非谓语动词 A 现在分词形式与过去分词形式混淆 如 ThevictorywasnomoreconvincedthanIhadexpected Convinced convincing令人信服的 表示主语特征Theteacherwentintotheclassroom followingbysomestudents Following followed 分词和不定式的不同含义 现在分词 主动或进行 或完成 过去分词 被动或完成 不定式 将要发生或目的Succeedinginpassingtheexamination sheisextremelyhappy 因为 已发生 Tosucceedinpassingtheexamination sheneedstoworkmuchharder 为了 目的 Thesmallcollegegenerallyprovidesalimitednumberofcoursesandspecializationsbutoffersabetterstudent facultyratio thuspermitindividualizedattentiontostudents permitting小院校提供的课程专业较少 但师生比例较高 因此能够特殊的个体指导和关注 Becomingaskilledphotographer apersonshouldhavebothmanualdexterity 灵巧 灵敏 agoodeyefordetail Becoming Tobecome Practice Eventhequietofourcarefullyprotectedwildernessareascanbeinvadedatanymomentbyapassedjet Soasportsman sindividualwayofwalkingwithraisedshouldersisoftenimitatedbyanadmiredfan Passed passingAdmired admiring追星族常常模仿运动员抬高肩膀大摇大摆走路的方式 Admire和pass都是由中心语发出 主谓关系 Theboy sdelightinglooktellsusthathepassedtheexam Delighting delighted高兴的 兴奋的 表示主语状态Youcanpassanyfactoryorconstructionareaandtheroaroftheirmachinerywillmakeyourearsringing Tomhadhisarmbreakingyesterday B 不定式与动名词相互混淆 如 Tolieisvice Tolie Lying此处指抽象的概念性动作Lyingaboutitwillonlymakemattersworse Lying Tolie此处指具体的一次性动作 C 非谓语动作发生时间与谓语动作发生时间的方面出现错误 IrememberlockingthedoorwhenIlefthomethismorning Locking havinglocked非谓语动作发生时间早于主语动作发生时间 D 特殊非谓语动词结构方面出现错误 YouhavetopracticetospeakEnglishasmuchaspossiblenowsinceyouaregoingtoEnglandnextyear tospeak speakingpractise后的宾语要用 ing形式 非谓语动词不单独作谓语 Atthebeginningof19thcenturyworkinghourswerefromsunrisetosunset paywasawful and workingconditionsbeingpooranddangerous were 如果非并列句中有两个以上谓语动词 是错误的 这时只能保留一个 其它的改为非谓语动词形式 Considerthegreatneedforimprovingmanyaspectsoftheglobalenvironment oneissurelyjustifiedinhisconcernforthemoneyandresources thatarepouredintothespaceexplorationefforts 作宾语时 要注意用动词不定式还是动名词 有时两者皆可 但意义不同 如forget remember try regret stop continued等作宾补时 要注意不同形式的意义差别 以及和谓语动词的搭配 Marywasheardsinginginthenextroomthen IsawDavidBeckplayfootballonTVlastnight 分词 包括带连词的分词 短语作状语时 逻辑主语须与主句主语一致 Sportsactivitiesareessentiallymodifiedformsofhuntingbehavior Viewingbiologically themodernfootballerisrevealedasamemberofadisguisedhuntingpack Viewed 9虚拟语气 虚拟语气分为两种 be型和were型 Be型 should do 动词原形 用于表示命令 决定 建议等词语 见下页 之后的that 分句中 Whatdoyouthinkofthedoctor srecommendationthatourfriendsstayedafewmoredaysinhospital stay shouldstay 用于if though whatever lest solongas引导的分句中 表示推测 让步 防备Iftherumorbetrue everythingispossible Whateverbehisdefense wecannottoleratethisdisloyalty Thougheveryonedesertyou Iwillnot Quietlywesatontheriverbanklestthefishswimaway Ifitwouldraintomorrow wewouldhavetoputofftheexhibition shouldrain表示推测 Be 型虚拟语气标志词 v Demand command suggest require ask order insist advise move direct recommend propose see toit that等n demand request suggestion recommendation advice proposal insistence等a important fundamental preferable necessary basic vital imperative essential requested suggested demanded等 有些词有多个意义 当不表示建议 命令时 就不能用虚拟语气 如 SomeevidencesuggeststhatREMsleepbeatimewhenthebrainadaptstolifeexperience Be is 一些证据表明 REMsleep可能是大脑适应生活经验的时间 Were 型 Were型were 过去时体 常用于由if ifonly asif asthough though引导的条件 方式 让步状语从句中 表示非真实条件或假设 要特别注虚拟语气的谓语动词形式是否正确 条件句虚拟语气的结构如下所示 主句或从句的动词形式未用虚拟语气形式 Ifwehadmorerainlastsummer wewouldhaveaharvest hadhad wouldhavehad此句应用与过去事实相反的虚拟语气形式 条件句中还有一种特殊的混合虚拟语气 这种情况的谓语动词形式要根据具体时间来确定 Ifwritinghadneverbeeninvented 过去 wewouldhavenobooks 现在 Ifhehadfailedhisexamlastyear hewouldhavebeentakingitagaininJune wouldbetakingIwouldhavegonetovisitthatbeautifulcitybutIhadn tgotintouchwithyouwhileIwasinNewYork didn tgetIfyouhadbeenolder Iwouldhaveal lowedyoutogothatday hadbeen were条件句可指目前情况下的假设 Were 虚拟语气还可用其他形式表示 如without butfor otherwise or等 Without butforyourhelp Iwouldnevermakesuchgreatsuccess wouldneverhavemadeThankstothemantimelysaving orthelittleboywouldbedrownedintheriver wouldhavebeendrowned Were 型虚拟语气也用在表示臆想愿望的分句中 常由Wish suppose imagine wouldrather wouldsoonerthat wouldjustassoon that 等引导 如 Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround Justimagineeveryoneweretogiveupsmoking 特殊虚拟语气 在itis high time that 从句中 也用were 型虚拟语气 如 Itishightimethatmeasuresshouldbetakentodecreasethebirthrateinthiscountry weretaken hadbeentaken As的用法 like 象 一样 unlike as 介词 作为 副词 如此 关系代词连词 因为 随着 虽然 正如 as有很多固定搭配 用法极为复杂 见下页 As固定搭配 Asif though好像As solongas只要Suchas诸如 之类的Asapposedto与 相反Asfor to至于 关于Soas not to以便 以免 以致Notsomuchas连 都不 与其 不如asabove如上 同上Asagainst与 相比Asof from自从 Asmuchas多达 到 程度Aswell as 也 又Aswell asnot反正都行 一样Asitis astheyare事实上 实际上Asitwere仿佛 好像 可以说asyet到现在 那时为止As asany不亚于As asever永远 至今 自古 空前As as canbe极其 到了 的程度Heisasbrilliantapoliticianaseverlived 他是至今最卓越的政治家 AsVs which 在限定性定语从句中 As常和先行词前的such so as thesame搭配 which则无此限制 引导非限定定语从句时先行词是整个句子 as常在句首或句中 而which常在句末 As引导的定语从句与主句应是顺接关系 which无此限制 As在定语从句中常作宾语 which常作主语 As作主语时 仅限于 主 动 补 结构和被动句型 如 Asisoftenthecase asisknowntoallashasbeenpointedout asmaybeimagined etc Practice Thefarmerhadmuchworktodo withhisownmuscleslikehischiefsourceofpower Heusedaxes spadesandothersimpletools 91 06Citiesandstateshavetoprovideservicescitypeoplewant suchlikemorepoliceprotection morehospitalsandmoreschools 90 01Like asLike as being Abreakintheiremployment oradecisiontoworkparttime willslowtheirraisesandpromotions becauseitwouldformen 96 01Canwebetooboldastosuggestthatwemaybeabletocolonizeotherplanetswithinthenot too distantfuture 00 01Because as这一点对男士也一样Sobold sobold我们可否大胆地推测在不远的将来我们就可以在其他星球上开垦殖民主义地 定语从句的关系词 定语从句关系词是一个常见考点 关系词That和which who的区别 用that的情况不定代词something anybody nothing none little few much all作先行词时 Sheiseverythingthatawifeshouldbe 最高级 序数词 不定限定词 all some none few等 或any only first last等修饰先行词时 先行项不止一个 且分别表示人和物时 当关系词在定语从句中充当补语时 当定语从句是therebe句型时 用which 物 或who 人 的情况介词提前 作介词宾语时 非限定定语从句 先行项是that时 当先行项与定语从句被其他成分隔开时 先行项为时间或地点时 当先行项为时间 地点时 如关系词在从句中作主语或宾语 应用which或that 而不用when who m IliveinBeijing whereisthecapitalofChina which此处where应改为which 因为它在定语从句中作主语 缺少关系词或多余代词 有些句子中 名词后面本来该用定语从句的 却漏掉了关系词 直接接了动词 另一类常见的错误是 关系代词指代的成分在从句中以代词的形式重复出现 画蛇添足 定语从句和名词性从句的区别 与同位语从句的区别同位语从句表明中心语的具体内容 定语从句对其先行项加以限制 描绘或说明 同位语从句的引导词that在从句中不充当成分 定语从句的关系词that在从句中担任成分 如 Mostofthepupilscannotanswerthequestionwhyseawaterissalty Mostofthepupilscouldnotanswerthequestionthatthechemistryteacherasked 与主语 宾语 表语从句的区别主语 宾语 表语从句充当主句的主语 宾语 表语 前面没有作先行项的名词或代词 而定语从句一般作定语 限定或描述先行项 引导词that在名词性从句中不作成分 what充当名词性从句的主语 宾语 表语 相当于thepersonthat who allthat 使用时容易和定语从句的that混淆 诀窍在于 看前边有没有没有先行项 有用that who which 没有用what All that Ihavewithmenowis10dollars WhatIhavebeenthinkingaboutallthetimeisthequestionthatthephysicsteacherputforwardinclass Inhiswriting JohnCroweRansomdescribesthatheconsiders thespiritualbarrennessofsociety broughtaboutbyscienceandtechnology JohnCroweRansom在他的著作中描述了他认为是由科学技术给社会带来的精神贫困 that what 介词后出现从句 如前有名词或代词作先行项 用which或whom引导定语从句 如没有 则用what引导 这时整个名词性从句作介词宾语 practice Thechildrenattendedasmallelementaryschool oftenofjustoneroom tothattheyhadtowalkeveryday possiblyforafewmiles Consideringthegreatneedforimprovingmanyaspectsoftheglobalenvironment oneissurelyjustifiedinhisconcernforthemoneyandresourcesthattheyarepouredintothespaceexplorationefforts 00 01 Tothat towhichThatthey that Instead thisotherpersontoldusastory ithesaidwasquitewell known aboutanAmericanwhohadbeeninvitedtoanArabmealinoneofthecountriesoftheMiddleEast 00 06 Inthelatenineteenthcentury farmworkandlifewerenotmuchchangedfromthattheyhadbeenintheolddays It whichThat what 前后照应 主谓一致时态一致指代一致意义一致修辞一致 a 主谓一致 主语和谓语在要在人称和数等方面能保持一致 此类错误形式主要有以下几种 A 主语因形式特殊或因由一个或几个复杂成分修饰往往导致主谓一致错误 如 Acousticsaretaughtinsomecolleges Are is以 s或 es结尾的用以表示学科 疾病 游戏等的名词作主语时 其谓语动词应用单数形式 Understandingtheculturalhabitsofanothernation especiallyonecontainingsomanydiversifiedsubcultures 次文化 astheUS areacomplex bewilderingtasktous Are is主语是一个动名词短语 尽管其后有较长的修饰成分 然而其谓语仍需用单数形式 B 定语从句谓语动词与先行词主谓不一致I whoisyourfriend willdomybesttohelpyou is am关系代词作定语从句主语时 谓语动词要与先行词一致Tomistheonlyoneofthepupilswhoarewillingtotakemake upexaminations Are is在theonlyoneof 复数名词或代词 定语从句的结构中 谓语动词应用单数形式 C 某些短语或结构后所跟谓语动词必须用单数或复数形式 Sixtimestwoaretwelve Are is加 减 乘 除运算谓语动词用单数Thepoliceislookingfortheescapedcriminal Is are主语为people police folk cattle等集合名词时 谓语动词通常用复数形式 主谓一致 Nowmypictureandtheprizeishanginginthelibrary Is are我的照片和奖牌 意义一致原则 ThereareaTVandtwocomputersintheroom Thereare thereis 就近原则 b时态一致 Itwasverykindofthemtomeetmeattherailwaystationanddrovemetotheirhome driveand连接两个并列动作meet和drive Theyofferedmecoffeeandotherdrinks Wehaveagoodtimetalkingandlaughing had整篇文章记述过去的事情 用过去时 Hello 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