However和的Whether用法.doc

However不管however以何种形式出现，它都不外乎以下两种用法。1 词义剖析1.表示让步：意为“无论如何”“不管怎样”，用来修饰形容词或副词，其词序为：however+形容词/副词+主语+谓语，相当于“no matter how”+形容词/副词+主语+谓语。这样用的however其实具有连词的功能，用以引导让步状语从句。如：however much he eats, he never gets fat. 不管他吃多少，他永远吃不胖。用于此用法时，请注意以下几点：此用法属however所有用法中最重要的考点这样用的 however 与 no matter how 大致同义。如：People always want more, however no matter how rich they are. 人总是富了还想再富。however No matter how hard I worked, she was never satisfied. 无论我多么努力地工作，她从来没满意过。有时从句谓语可用情态动词。如：Dont laugh, however funny it may be. 无论多么有趣也不要笑。Ill try to finish it in time, however hard it may be. 无论多么难，我也要按时完成。“however形容词或副词主语谓语”有时可以有所省略。如：I refuse, however favorable the conditions. 不管条件如何有利，我都不干。(conditions后省去了are)Id rather have a room of my own, however small (it is), than share a room. 无论房间多么小，我宁愿一个人住一间，而不愿意与别人合住一个房间。A grammar rule, however true (it is), is useless unless it can be understood. 一条语法规则，不管如何正确，除非能懂，否则毫无用处。2.表示转折：尤其用于谈及一个既成事实时，表示转折，其意为“可是”“仍然”等。可放在句首、句中或句末，通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。如：My father, however, did not agree. 但是，我父亲不同意。My room is small; however, its comfortable. 我的房间很小，但却很舒服。He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however. 他说情况如此，可是他错了。3.表示惊奇或强调：相当于how ever的用法，其意为“究竟怎样，到底以什么方式”。如：however did you get here without a car? 没有汽车你究竟是怎样来的呢?4.用作连接词，引导方式状语从句。意为“无论以何种方式”，“不管怎样”。Eg: However it may be ,I shall take your word.无论如何，我将会相信你的话。二辨析 however和 but 二者都意为“可是，但是”； but是并列名词，连接两个并列分句，上下二句在总的意义上构成了对比。 I really dont like cheese, but I will try just a little this time.我实在是不喜欢吃奶酪，但是这次我要尝一点。 (1) however不能直接连接两个分句，必须另起新句，并用逗号隔开。however不能像 but(但是)那样直接连接两个句子(注意正句中的标点符号)。如：我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。正：We all tried our best, but we lost the game.正：We all tried our best; however, we lost the game.正：We all tried our best. however, we lost the game.It was raining hard. However, we went out to look for the boy. 雨下得很大，不过我们还是出去寻找那个孩子 1.however比but用的场合更正式,so however用于书面语,而but 常用于口语.类似的有： 肯定式为as.as,否定式为not so.as.,用于书面语和正式文体；not as.as.,用于口语和非正式文体。对于一般学习者可以不加区分。第一个是：不是像什么一样的 。做个比较第二个是：不是像什么那样的。描述一个事物物。2.however后有, 而but 没有 3.另外,however的意思还不只局限于但是;然而 whetherif和whether通用，都表示“是否”的意思。一般来说，后者比较正式，在口语中前者常用来代替后者。但两者有时具有不同的暗示。用whether时，正反两面的选择意义较强，问话人并不在意回答是肯定还是否定；而用if时，则比较强调单方面，即正面，问话人希望得到肯定的回答。另外，还要注意以下几点：一、whether和if都可以与or not连用；但写在一起时，只能用whether不能用if。 当whether和or not连用时，只用whether不用if。当or not放在whether引导的从句句尾，则可以用if来替换。 如: I dont know whether or not he will come.我不知道他是不是回来。 Ill be happy whether/if I get the job or not我能不能得到那份工作都一样高兴二、在引导宾语从句时，应注意：1、表示“是否”时，两词都能引导宾语从句。I wonder if/whether you can examine him nowI asked him whether he had done all the work himself or whether he had had any assistance. 我问他这些工作都是他自己做的还是别人帮他做的. ( 注意: 在两个供选择的从句之间若用or字, 则须重复whether一字. ) 2、 宾语从句移置句首时，用whether，不用if。当强调宾语从句并将其提前时只能用whether。Whether Ill have time to go with you I am not sure.我很难说我们是否有时间跟你们一起去。3、宾语从句为否定形式时，通常用if，而不用whether。如:She was undecided about whether she should accept his offer.她拿不定主意应该不应该接受他的好意4、动词discuss，decide,consider等后习惯上也常用Whether引导从句，不用if。They discussed whether they should leave at once.他们讨论了是否应该马上离开。We discussed whether the house should be sold. 我们讨论了这房子是否应卖掉5 当whether和or 连用表示明确的选择时，只用whether不用if。如:He asked me whether I wanted to go there by train or by bus.他问我是想乘火车还是坐公共汽车去那里。He hesitated about whether he should drive or take the train.他开车去还是坐火车去, 犹豫不决。注:whether 和or 连用还可以引导让步状语从句,此时也不用if。 如：Well go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary tools or not.不管我们能否找到所需的工具,我们要把这件工作做下去。Whether or not it rains / Whether it rains or not, were playing football on Saturday. 无论下不下雨, 我们星期六一定踢足球. 二在下列情况下，只能用whether，不能用if。1、 与不定式连用时，只能用whether如:The question is whether to go to Munich or Vienna. 问题是去慕尼黑还是去维也纳. She doesnt knows whether to get married now or wait. 是否现在结婚或是等待她不知道。 We were wondering whether to go today or tomorrow. 我们弄不清是今天走还是明天走. Im not sure whether to resign or stay on. 我拿不准主意是辞职还是留任. 2、在介词后，只能用whether。Everything depends on whether he is ready 3、 在名词后作同位语时，只能用whether。 The question whether well build another lecture building hasnt been settled. 是否要另建一幢教学楼的问题还未决定。 4、whether和if均可用来引导主语从句，但if引导的从句不能位于句首。如： Whether they win or lose is all the same to me. 他们是赢是输於我都一样.（此时whether不能换作if ） Its doubtful whether therell be any seats left. 说不上还有没有空座位了. (此句whether能换作if) Whether he comes or not doesnt concern me 5、引导表语从句时，只能用whether。What Maria doesnt know is whether there will be enough snow if可引导条件状语从句，译作“如果”，whether可引导让步状语从句，译作“不管、无论”。If I were you，I would not buyWhether he agrees or not，I shall go there强化练习： 1. The question has not been answered _ Taiwan will be included on the Olympic torch relay route.Athat Bwhether Cwhich Dif2. You have not yet answered my question _ I can join in the party tonight or not. A. whether B. if C. that D. which3 I d like to invite you to a party this evening. Thank you, but _ Ill be free I m not sure at the moment. A. while B. if C. when D. whether 4-What are you anxious about? -_A. If we succeed B.That we can succeed C. Do we succeed D.Whether we can succeed5. Only when _ the painting _ decide _the painting is worth buying. A. he sees, he can ,whether B. does he see, can he, ifC. he sees, can he ,whether D. sees he, he can,that6. _ English is his favourite subject A. I asked him if B. I asked him that whether C. I asked him that D. I asked him which7. _ theyll go to the Summer Palace _ the weather. A. If; depends on B. Whether; depends upon C. Whether; depended on D. If; depended upon8.It isnt quite _ _ he will be present at the meeting. A. sure; whether B. sure; if C. certain; whether D. certain; that9. _ the 2008 Olympic will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whether B. If C. Whenever D. That10. No one was sure _ he would be asked to speak next year. A. when B. whether C. what D. how11. It is still a question to us all _ there is any livin