人人文库网 > 图纸下载 > 毕业设计 > HKD260混合动力自卸汽车离合器设计【优秀汽车离合器全套课程毕业设计含4张CAD图纸】

翻译中文.doc

HKD260混合动力自卸汽车离合器设计【优秀汽车离合器全套课程毕业设计含4张CAD图纸】

资源目录

HKD260混合动力自卸汽车离合器设计【优秀汽车离合器全套课程毕业设计含4张CAD图纸】.rar

翻译中文.wps---(点击预览)

翻译中文.doc---(点击预览)

摘要及目录.doc---(点击预览)

HKD260混合动力自卸汽车离合器设计.doc---(点击预览)

传动轴.dwg

操纵机构.dwg

离合器总成.dwg

膜片弹簧.dwg

压缩包内文档预览：

编号：474702 类型：共享资源大小：2.13MB 格式：RAR 上传时间：2015-08-28 上传人：QQ14****9609 IP属地：陕西

45
积分

版权申诉 word格式文档无特别注明外均可编辑修改；预览文档经过压缩，下载后原文更清晰！ 立即下载

关键词：: 混合动力汽车离合器离合器设计课程毕业设计 HKD260混合动力自卸汽车离合器设计

资源描述：

HKD260混合动力自卸汽车设计（离合器设计）

HKD260混合动力自卸汽车离合器设计【优秀汽车离合器全套课程毕业设计含4张CAD图纸】

【带外文翻译】【53页@正文20900字】【详情如下】【需要咨询购买全套设计请加QQ1459919609】

HKD260混合动力自卸汽车离合器设计.doc

传动轴.dwg

摘要及目录.doc

操纵机构.dwg

离合器总成.dwg

翻译中文.doc

翻译中文.wps

膜片弹簧.dwg

HKD260混合动力自卸汽车设计（离合器设计）

摘要

本离合器的设计与整车中底盘、变速器、驱动桥的设计密切相关，在设计中尽量做到与车辆其它部位的最佳匹配，力求整车结构更加合理。

在本方案中，离合器被布置在发动机的后面，用来切断和实现动力总成对传动系的动力传递，确保汽车平稳起步：在换档时将动力总成与传动系分离，减少变速器中换挡齿轮的冲击；防止传动系各零件过载损坏；降低传动系的震动和噪声等。混合动力轿车可采用传统的内燃机的传动系。

离合器是汽车传动系的重要组成部分，对于汽车的动力性、燃油经济性和舒适性等性有很大影响。本设计主要介绍了混合动力轿车离合器的总体设计，包括离合器的设计要求，离合器形式，如从动盘数、压紧弹簧和布置形式的选择、扭转减振器与操纵机构的选择；选择离合器主要参数，对参数进行优化设计，使其尽量满足约束条件。并详细介绍三大总成的结构方案和其设计要求，包括从动盘总成、离合器盖总成和分离轴承总成。

关键词：混合动力，重型自卸，离合器形式，操纵机构，结构性能计算

HKD260 HYBRID DUMP TRUCK DESIGN

(CLUTCH DESIGN)

ABSTRACT

In this design，the design of clutch is closely relevant to the designs of the car chassis, transmission and driving draft. The clutch is designed to be perfectly matching those parts which can make the car structure more reasonable.

In my design, the clutch is installed in the rear of the engine and the motor (ISG) to continue or disengage the power from the engine. And this can start the car smoothly. When shifting the gears, the clutch petal has to be depressed for the disengagement the transmission from the engine which could minimize the shock on the gears of transmission. It can also prevent damages caused by the shock and bring down the vibration and shock of transmission system. PHEV could adopt the traditional transmission of internal combustion engine.

The clutch is one of the most important sections in the transmission system and has great impact on the energy efficiency, fuel efficiency and comfort of a car. This is a design about clutch of the HEV car. It includes the requirements for clutch, choosing the form of a clutch, such as how to choose clutch disc, pressure spring, diaphragm spring and torsion damper. Then choose the parameters of clutch and optimize them to meet the limit condition requirements. The design concludes specification of the main three assemblies and the requirements for them (clutch disc assemblies, release bearing assemblies, cover assemblies).

KEY WORDS: Hybrid, Heavy Dump Truck, the form of clutch, the disengagement mechanism, the calculation of structure and performance

第一章前言1

第二章动力性计算3

§2.1最小传动比的选取3

§2.2 最大传动比的选取3

§2.3 车速的计算4

§2.4驱动力与阻力的计算5

§2.4.1 空气阻力6

§2.4.2 滚动阻力6

§2.5 动力特性图8

§2.6 汽车的功率平衡8

第三章离合器主要参数的选择10

§3.1 离合器转矩容量10

§3.2 离合器的转矩容量与发动机最大转矩的基本性能关系10

§3.3 离合器基本结构尺寸和参数的选择11

§3.3.1 离合器后备系数β的确定11

§3.3.2 摩檫系数的确定12

§3.3.3 摩檫片外径D的确定13

§3.3.4 单位压力的确定15

§3.3.5 摩檫片的约束条件16

第四章离合器的结构选型与设计计算18

§4.1 从动盘总成18

§4.2 从动盘总成设计18

§4.2.1 从动盘钢片19

§4.2.2 从动盘毂21

§4.2.3 从动盘摩檫片25

§4.3 压盘和离合器盖26

§4.3.1 压盘设计26

§4.3.2 压盘传力结构设计29

§4.4 离合器盖设计31

§4.5 离合器的分离装置设计32

§4.5.1分离杆结构型式的选择32

§4.6 膜片弹簧设计32

§4.6.1膜片弹簧基本参数的选择33

§4.7扭转减振器的设计34

第五章操纵机构设计计算38

§5.1离合器操纵机构的基本要求与常用结构类型38

§5.1.1对离合器操纵机构的基本要求38

§5.1.2常用离合器操纵机构的类型38

§5.2离合器操纵机构主要参数的确定与计算38

第六章传动轴的设计与计算41

§6.1 概　述41

§6.2　万向节结构方案分析42

§6.3　万向节的设计计算42

§6.3.1 万向节设计42

§6.3.2 传动轴的设计44

§6.3.3 中间支承结构46

§6.3.4 十字轴万向节传动实验47

参考文献48

致谢49

第一章前言

汽车诞生之前马车是人类最好的陆上交通工具。1770年法国人尼古拉斯古诺（1725－1804）将蒸汽机装在板车上，制造出第一辆蒸汽板车，这是世界上第一辆利用机器为动力的车辆。1769年，瑞士军官普兰捷尔也造出一辆以蒸汽机为动力的额自由行驶的板车，于是有人将普兰捷尔也认定为汽车的始祖之一。1860年，法国人艾蒂勒努瓦发明了一种内部燃烧的汽油发动机。1885年德国工程师卡尔奔驰（1844－1929）在曼海姆制成一部装有0.85马力汽油机的三轮车。德国另一位工程师戈特利布戴姆勒（1834－1900）也同时造出了一辆用1.1马力汽油机作动力的三轮车。他们俩被公认为以内燃机为动力的现代汽车的发明者，1886年1月29日也被公认为汽车的诞生日。

汽车从无到有并迅猛发展。从20世纪初至20世纪50年代，汽车产量大幅增加，汽车技术也有很大进步，相继出现了高速汽油机、柴油机；弧齿锥齿轮和准双面锥齿轮传动、带同步器的齿轮变速器；化油器；差速器；摩擦片式离合器；等速万向节；荻第安后桥半独立悬架；液压减振器；艾克曼式转向结构；石棉制动片；充气式橡胶轮胎等。

参考文献

1．汽车离合器设计徐石安江发潮编著清华大学出版社 2005

2．联轴器、离合器设计与选用指南阮忠唐编著化学工业出版社 2006

3．离合器及机械变速器张毅编著化学工业出版社 2005

4．离合器、制动器选用手册周明衡编著化学工业出版社 2003

5．离合器结构图册段广汉编著国防工业出版社 1985

6. 朱冬梅，胥兆澜主编画法几何及机械制图第5版高等教育出版社 2000年12月

7. 刘鸿文主编简明材料力学高等教育出版社 1997年7月

8. 孙恒，陈作模主编机械原理第六版高等教育出版社 2004年3月

9. 濮良贵，纪名刚主编机械设计第7版高等教育出版社 2001年6月

10. 徐谨主编机械设计手册机械工业出版社 2000年6月

11. 吴宗泽主编机械设计使用手册化学工业出版社 2001年5月

12. 蔡春源主编机械零件设计手册第3版冶金工业出版社 1995年10月

13. 王予望主编汽车设计第4版机械工业出版社 2004年8月

14. 陈家瑞主编汽车构造第2版机械工业出版社 2005年1月

15. 张则曹主编汽车构造图册人民交通出版社 1998年2月

16. 林清福主编国外汽车构造最新构造图册机械工业出版社 1996年5月

操纵机构.gif

传动轴.gif

离合器总成.gif

膜片弹簧.gif

内容简介：: 外文资料原文 1 Clutch Common Problems From the 1950s to the 1970s, you could count on getting between 50,000 and 70,000 miles from your cars clutch. Clutches can now last for more than 80,000 miles if you use them gently and maintain them well. If not cared for, clutches can start to break down at 35,000 miles. Trucks that are consistently overloaded or that frequently tow heavy loads can also have problems with relatively new clutches. The most common problem with clutches is that the friction material on the disc wears out. The friction material on a clutch disc is very similar to the friction material on the pads of a disc brake or the shoes of a drum brake - after a while, it wears away. When most or all of the friction material is gone, the clutch will start to slip, and eventually it wont transmit any power from the engine to the wheels. The clutch only wears while the clutch disc and the flywheel are spinning at different speeds. When they are locked together, the friction material is held tightly against the flywheel, and they spin in sync. Its only when the clutch disc is slipping against the flywheel that wearing occurs. So, if you are the type of driver who slips the clutch a lot, youll wear out your clutch a lot faster. Sometimes the problem is not with slipping, but with sticking. If your clutch wont release properly, it will continue to turn the input shaft. This can cause grinding, or completely prevent your car from going into gear. Some common reasons a clutch may stick are: Broken or stretched clutch cable - The cable needs the right amount of tension to push and pull effectively. Leaky or defective slave and/or master clutch cylinders - Leaks keep the cylinders from building the necessary amount of pressure. Air in the hydraulic line - Air affects the hydraulics by taking up space the fluid needs to build pressure. nts外文资料原文 2 Misadjusted linkage - When your foot hits the pedal, the linkage transmits the wrong amount of force. Mismatched clutch components - Not all aftermarket parts work with your clutch. A hard clutch is also a common problem. All clutches require some amount of force to depress fully. If you have to press hard on the pedal, there may be something wrong. Sticking or binding in the pedal linkage, cable, cross shaft, or pivot ball are common causes. Sometimes a blockage or worn seals in the hydraulic system can also cause a hard clutch. Another problem associated with clutches is a worn throw-out bearing, sometimes called a clutch release bearing. This bearing applies force to the fingers of the spinning pressure plate to release the clutch. If you hear a rumbling sound when the clutch engages, you might have a problem with the throw-out. Clutch Diagnostic Test If you find that your clutch has failed, here is an at-home diagnostic test that anyone can perform: 1. Start your car, set the parking break, and put the car in neutral. 2. With your car idling, listen for a growling noise without pushing the clutch in. If you hear something, its most likely a problem with the transmission. If you dont hear a noise, proceed to step three. 3. With the car still in neutral, begin to push the clutch and listen for noise. If you hear a chirping noise as you press, its most likely the clutch release, or throw-out bearing. If you dont hear a noise, proceed to step four. 4. Push the clutch all the way to the floor. If you hear a squealing noise, its probably the pilot bearing or nts外文资料原文 3 bushing. If you dont hear any noise during these four steps, then your problem is probably not the clutch. If you hear the noise at idle and it goes away when the clutch is pressed, it may be an issue in the contact point between the fork and pivot ball. Biomaterials Manufacturers are starting biomaterials to reduce CO2 emissions throughout the vehicles lifecycle Manufacturers are starting to concentrate more closely on cutting carbon dioxide emissions from vehicles lifecycles. That means looking at the carbon dioxide production and disposal of the vehicle, not just the pollutants that come out of the tailpipe. European vehicle recycling laws are making carmakers that sell cars in Europe take more responsibility for the effect their vehicles Honda and Mitsubishi are the latest to develop new materials. Recycling the metal that makes up majority of the vehicle is not the hardest pert; the plastics plastics present a far greater challenge. Interiors pose a particular recycling problem as they use a lot of plastics. Honda has developed a plant-based fabric with excellent durability and resistance to sunlight for use a surface material in automobile interiors. Bio-fabrics are the most likely solution as they are derived from plants that absorb carbon dioxide ad they grow. When vehicle is scrapped and the fabrics incinerated, only some of the released carbon dioxide has come from a fossil source. Despite this benefit, plant-based fabrics have not yet been used commercially for automobile interiors. Interior quality is too important to take risks with and there have been concerns about the limited durability and aesthetics of biomaterials. nts外文资料原文 4 Honda says it has a fabric that can overcome these issues, achieving a soft and smooth material appropriate for the surface of automobile interiors. It has high durability and its color does not fade after prolonged exposure to sunlight. Honda will use the material for seats, the interior surface of doors, roof linings and for floor mats. Series production is still some way off , however. The firm will install the bio-fabric interiors in 2009 in a fuel cell vehicle and then expand the application. The bio-fabrics basic material is a polyester called polypropylene terephthalate (PPT). PPT is produced through the polymerization of propaneiol, which is produced from corn and terephthalic acid, a petroleum-based component. In order to improve the fabrics stability, Honda has applied a multi-thread structure for the fiber. “The fiber is very flexible, achieving unprecedented aesthetic properties,” says Honda. The bio-fabric does not require changes to existing fabric production processes and is suitable for mass production .Using it instead of the traditional petroleum-based polyester materials reduces the amount of energy consumed in the process by between 10 and 15 percent.“The use of a plant-based ingredient can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 5Kg per vehicle,” says Honda. Mitsubishis environmentally friendly plastic is a little closer to production. It will be used in a concept car next year. But despite its early development stage, the firm is confident it will be used in car interiors. Mitsubishi has developed a material that uses a plant-based resin, polybutylene succinate (PBS), reinforced with bamboo fibers. They began developing the materials with the Aichi industrial technology institute, Japan in 2004. “To help stop global warming and slow the depletion of oil reserves, we plant to substitute plant-based resins and quick-growing plant fibers for materials such as petroleum-based resins and wood hardboards used in car interiors,” says Mitsubishi. PBS. The main component of the material. Is a plant-based resin composed nts外文资料原文 5 mainly of succinct acid and 1.4-butanediol.The succinct acid for the material comes from the fermentation of sugar extracted from sugarcane or corn? The new material combines bamboo fiber with PBS in order to increase its rigidity. According to tests. The PBS/bamboo-fiber prototype achieves an estimated 50 percent cut in lifecycle CO2 emissions over petroleum-based polypropylene plastic. Volatile organic compound levels are also reduced drastically over processed wood hardboards; roughly 85 per cent in testing. Bamboo grows to its full height in just a few years, compared with the tens of years required for traditional timber. And as such may be called a potentially sustainable resource.”We expect the research to lead to further breakthroughs in the use of bamboo.” says Mitsubishi. nts外文资料译文 6 离合器常见问题从 20 世纪 50 年代至 70 年代，你可以依靠离合器行驶 50000 公里到70000 公里。如何过你对离合器使用和保养好的话，离合器现在可以使用达到 80000 公里。如果保养的不好的话，离合器的性能可能在总里程达到 35000公里时开始下降。一贯超载或经常拖重物的卡车，其新离合器也会发生许多问题。离合器最常见的问题是摩擦材料的实效。离合器从动盘上的摩擦片与盘式制动器上的摩擦材料及鼓式制动器制动蹄比较类似，过一段时间后，它们就实效了。当大部分或所有的摩擦材料都失效了，离合器将开始打滑，并最终将不会传送任何动力，从发动机到车轮。当离合器从动盘和飞轮不是以同一个速度旋转时，离合器只是磨损。当它们被锁定在一起时，摩擦片将会紧紧的贴在飞轮上，并且一同旋转，仅仅当离合器从动盘和飞轮不同步时，磨损才会产生，所以，如果你是那种经常让离合器打滑的驾驶员，你将会加快离合器的磨损。有时，问题不在于打滑，但与坚持。如果您的离合器将不会公布得当，它将继续把输入轴。这可能会导致磨削，或完全防止您的汽车从进入齿轮。断掉的或拉伸的离合器拉索 -拉索需要正确的拉紧力，来进行有效的推拉。漏泄或有缺陷的离合器主或副缸 -泄漏保持液压缸拥有必要数值的压力。空气中的液压管路 -空气影响水力以空间流体需要建立的压力。不合适的连接件 -当您的脚踩在踏板上时，连接管件将传递错误的压力。不匹配的离合器组件 -并非所有的售后的零件与您的离合器匹配的。 “硬”离合器也是一种常见的问题。所有离合器都需要一定的力来充分压紧。如果你必须很“硬”压下离合器踏板，可能会有些麻烦。坚持或有约束力的在踏板的联系，电缆，交叉轴，或枢轴球是常见的原因。有时堵塞或nts外文资料译文 7 磨损密封在液压系统也可能导致硬离合器。另一个与离合器相关的问题是一个磨损的要丢弃的轴承 ,有时被称为离合器释放轴承。这关系到适用的力量，分离指的压力板释放离合器。如果您听到低沉的声音，当离合器工作时，您可能有一个问题，。离合器的诊断测试如果您发现您的离合器已经失效，这是一个在家的诊断测试，任何人都可以执行： 1. 启动汽车，设置停车休息，并把汽车设在空档位置。 2. 在汽车空转时，听取了咆哮的噪音，不要让离合器接合，如果你听到什么声音，它最有可能是变速器的问题。如果您没有听到噪音，进行步骤 3 。 3. 仍然保持汽车在空档，开始推动离合器和听噪音。当您踩下时，如果您听到啁啾的噪音，它最有可能的离合器释放，或投掷出轴承。如果您没有听到噪音，进行步骤 4 。 4. 推动离合器一直到地上。如果您听到刺耳的噪音，这可能是试验轴承或衬套。如果您没有听到任何噪音，在这四个步骤，那么您的问题可能是没有离合器。如果您听到噪音，闲置不用离开时，离合器压，它可能是一个问题，在接触点之间的交岔路口枢轴球。 nts外文资料译文 8 生物材料汽车制造上纷纷通过采用生物材料来减少车辆整个生命期内的二氧化碳排放。汽车制造商纷纷开始对车辆在整个生命期内，即从生产到报废的全过程中产生的二氧化碳排放，而不仅是排气管中产生的二氧化碳予以重视。欧洲的汽车回收法规迫使汽车行业经营者对车辆的环境影响担负更大的责任。日本汽车制造商日产和三菱最近开发出了一些新型的材料。对构成汽车主体部分的金属材料进行回收并不是最难的，塑料的回收要难得多。特别是大量使用塑料的内饰材料。本田开发出一种用植物生

温馨提示:
1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明，都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
2: 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等，如果需要附件，请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
3.本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸，网页内容里面会有图纸预览，若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑，并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容，请与我们联系，我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

人人文库网所有资源均是用户自行上传分享，仅供网友学习交流，未经上传用户书面授权，请勿作他用。