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关键词：: 履带拖拉机变速器改进变速器设计课程毕业设计履带拖拉机变速器改进设计Ⅰ

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履带拖拉机变速器改进设计Ⅰ

履带拖拉机变速器改进设计Ⅰ【优秀变速器全套课程毕业设计含2张CAD图纸】

【带任务书+开题报告+外文翻译】【41页@正文10100字】【详情如下】【需要咨询购买全套设计请加QQ1459919609】

任务书履带拖拉机变速器改进设计I.doc

传感器与自动变速器--中英文翻译.doc

履带拖拉机变速器改进设计Ⅰ.doc

开题报告.doc

总装配合计2张图纸.dwg

摘要目录.doc

英文.doc

任务书

设计（论文）题目履带拖拉机变速器改进设计I

主要研

究内容改进设计履带拖拉机变速器，作业速度范围为：前进挡4.5～16km/h，倒车挡4～6km/h。

换挡方式：手动换档操纵啮合套换档；

挡位数：（6＋2）挡；

主离合器形式：双作用式离合器；

发动机额定功率：Ne＝106kW，发动机额定转速：ne=2300r/min。

主要技术指标(或研究目标)绘制变速器总装配图；变速器齿轮、轴零件图；对变速器的各档传动比、装配尺寸链进行计算；对变速器各零部件的强度、刚度进行计算和校核；绘制总量不低于AO号的图纸3张，其中计算机图纸2张；不低于12000字的论文说明书，10000外文字符资料翻译。

进行步骤：①课题调研，查阅文献资料，明确任务；②方案设计；③总图设计；④

撰写论文：③毕业论文答辩。

进度计划①调查研究，熟悉设计内容，收集文献资料，时间占20％～25％（约2.0～3周）；

②设计任务分析与实施方案的确定，写出开题报告；时间占3％～5％（约1周）；

③实施设计、计算、绘图，论文起草时间占45％～50％（约6周）；

④整理论文，时间占5％～8％（约1.5周）；

⑤毕业论文答辩，时间占3％～5％（约1.5周）。

履带拖拉机变速器改进设计Ⅰ

摘要

变速箱的结构对拖拉机的动力性、经济性、操纵的可靠性与轻便性、工作噪声等都有直接影响。变速箱主要用来改变发动机传到驱动轮上的转矩和转速，目的是在起步、爬坡、转弯、加速等各种行驶工况下，使汽车获得不同的牵引力和速度，同时使发动机在最有利的工况范围工作，设有空档和倒档，并设有动力输轴。

为适应农业耕作的复杂工况，要求变速箱采用多档位,以使变速箱有较宽的速比范围，以使拖拉机能高效率高质量地完成各种作业。该变速器采用手动啮合套换档机构，空间三轴布置方式，结构紧凑。

本次设计按照传统设计方法，本着半经验半理论的设计原则通过类比法确定方案，参照已有变速箱结构，最后以机械零件的强度和刚度理论对确定的形状和尺寸进行必要的计算和校核，以满足约束条件，进而缩短设计周期，降低设计成本。

关键词：拖拉机，变速箱，啮合套，改进设计

IMPROVED DESIGNⅠOF TRACTOR TRANSMISSION

ABSTRACT

The structure of the transmission has direct effect on the tractor’s traction performance and economy performance as well as its reliability, working noise and so on. Transmission is mainly used to change the engine torque and speed reached on the driving wheel, the aim is to acquire different traction and speed in various driving conditions like starting, climbing, turning and accelerating. At the same time the engine can work in optimum condition. The transmission has reverse gear ，zero gear and power transmission shaft.

To meet the complex farming conditions, the transmission should have a multi-gear so that the transmission speed ratio can be changed in a wide scope. Then the tractor can complete all kinds of operation efficiently and high-quality. The transmission adopts the manual shift meshing sets, triaxial space layout. And its structure is compact.

The design of transmission uses the traditional design method. Based the semi-empirical and semi-theoretical design principles, the drive scheme is determined by analogy. In order to meet the conditions, shorten the design cycle and reduce design costs, the shape and size of transmission are calculated and checked by the mechanical parts strength and stiffness theory.

Key words: tractor, transmission, meshing sleeve, improved design

第一章前言.......................................1

第二章变速器结构设计.............................2

§2.1概述........................................2

§2.2变速器布置方案分析..........................2

§2.2.1 变速器传动机构的方案分析...............2

§2.2.2 变速器零部件结构分析...................4

第三章变速器基本参数的确定.......................5

§3.1传动比的确定................................5

§3.2 中心距计算.................................5

§3.3齿轮参数...................................5

第四章齿轮的设计和计算...........................8

§4.1齿轮的设计思想..............................8

§4.2 齿轮设计及变位计算.........................9

第五章齿轮的强度校核............................15

§5.1校核二轴一挡齿轮...........................15

§5.2 校核一轴一挡齿轮..........................16

第六章轴的校核..................................18

§6.1轴的受力分析...............................18

§6.2 轴刚度校核................................18

§6.2.1 一轴刚度校核..........................18

§6.2.2 二轴刚度校核..........................19

§6.3 轴强度校核................................20

§6.3.1 一轴强度校核..........................20

§6.3.2 二轴强度校核..........................23

第七章轴承选择的寿命计算........................25

第八章键的选择及校核...........................27

第九章变速器操纵机构............................29

第十章结论......................................33

参考文献..........................................34

致谢..............................................36

第一章前言

东方红履带拖拉机6+2挡变速器设计，由于原来的变速器采用滑动齿轮换挡，拖拉机行驶时，因变速器内各转动齿轮有不同的角速度，所以用轴向滑动直齿齿轮方式换挡，会在轮齿的端面产生冲击，并伴随噪声。不仅使齿轮端部磨损加剧并过早损坏，同时驾驶员精神紧张，而换挡产生的噪声又使乘坐舒适性降低。除此之外，直齿滑动齿轮换挡，换挡行程很长，现在除一挡和倒挡外已经很少采用。而且由于发动机的转速的提高，齿轮工作时的啮合线速度及固定在第二轴上的各挡被动齿轮的齿顶圆线速度均大幅度的提高，容易造成变速箱噪声大，油温偏高。

改进后采用移动啮合套换挡，不仅使换挡行程短，同时因承受换挡冲击载荷的接合齿齿数多，而轮齿又不参与换挡，不会过早的损坏，而且增设了啮合套和常啮合齿轮，使变速器旋转部分的总惯性力距增大。

改进型变速箱采用常啮合圆柱齿轮传动，啮合套换挡。各挡速度按顺序排列，区段之间速度没有交叉。由于变速箱各挡速比与拖拉机的理论速度成反比，因此，变速箱速比范围的大小，排挡数及各挡速比分配是否合理是评价变速箱性能的重要指标。在设计拖拉机变速箱时应力求在每种作业速度范围内排列较多的挡次，以求拖拉机能高效率高质量的完成各种作业。

设计内容包括传动比的选取，齿轮计算及强度校核，轴的设计及校核，键的选择及校核，轴承的选择及寿命强度计算，换挡结构的选择，操纵机构外壳的形状及各零部件的安装等。

参考文献

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内容简介：: 毕业设计（论文）任务书（指导教师填表）填表时间： 2007 年 3 月 16 日学生姓名王亚进专业班级汽车 05 指导教师徐立友课题类型工程设计设计（论文）题目履带拖拉机变速器改进设计 I 主要研究内容改进设计履带拖拉机变速器，作业速度范围为：前进挡 4.5 16km/h，倒车挡 46km/h。换挡方式：手动换档操纵啮合套换档；挡位数：（ 6 2）挡；主离合器形式：双作用式离合器；发动机额定功率： Ne 106kW，发动机额定转速： ne=2300rr/miin。主要技术指标(或研究目标 ) 绘制变速器总装配图；变速器齿轮、轴零件图；对变速器的各档传动比、装配尺寸链进行计算；对变速器各零部件的强度、刚度进行计算和校核；绘制总量不低于AO号的图纸 3张，其中计算机图纸 2张；不低于 12000字的论文说明书， 10000外文字符资料翻译。进行步骤：课题调研，查阅文献资料，明确任务；方案设计；总图设计；撰写论文：毕业论文答辩。进度计划调查研究，熟悉设计内容，收集文献资料，时间占 20 25（约 2.0 3周）；设计任务分析与实施方案的确定，写出开题报告；时间占 3 5（约 1周）；实施设计、计算、绘图，论文起草时间占 45 50（约 6周）；整理论文，时间占 5 8（约 1.5周）；毕业论文答辩，时间占 3 5（约 1.5 周）。主要参考文献拖拉机底盘结构设计图册；机械设计手册；拖拉机设计；拖拉机理论；拖拉机设计手册。东方红 1302R 1302RA 拖拉机设计、使用说明书工程机械底盘设计。研究所（教研室）主任签字： 2007 年 3 月 16 日 nts外文资料译文传感器与自动变速器传感器目前的燃料喷射系统有一个电子控制系统。一些汽车厂家称之为ECU 或是其他名字。一般我们叫它“智能电脑”，因为它与人们的思维有关。与人的身体相比会让我们更清楚它的工作原理。“智能电脑”通过人们的视觉、触觉、嗅觉、和听觉来获取信息。因为电脑没有手、眼、耳、或鼻子。却又必须接受信息，传感器就起到了作用。这些传感器就是 ECU 的耳和眼。一旦有信息出现， ECU 先进行处理，并决定采用何种输出信息去完成其他任务。下面是一些输入传感器和它们的工作原理。主气流传感器主气流传感器安装在输入口位置。它通过检测整个气流流量来测量输入率，它包括 ECU 提供电流的高压电线，当输入口气流流动时，高压电线产生的热量就会减少。气流越多，热量损失就越大。因此在气流增加时，ECM 就必须提供足够的电流来保持高压电线温度。 ECM 通过电流的改变来检测气流。温度传感器摄入温度传感器被安装在气管套里，它把探测到的温度信号传送给 ECM。温度传感器使用对温度的变化十分敏感的热敏电阻，热敏电阻的电阻下降，相对应的温度上升。车轴定位传感器车轴定位传感器控制发动机速度和活塞位置。输入到ECU 上的信号用来控制燃料的喷出，定时点火和发挥其他作用。冷温传感器发动机冷温传感器被用来检测发动机的冷却 E 温度。传感器改变从 ECM 里输出的电压信号。当冷温传感器输入时，修改过的信号返回到ECM。传感器采用对温度敏感的冷温传感器，当温度上升时，电热调节器的电阻会下降。爆震传感器爆震传感器附在汽缸套上，用压电元件判断发动机的爆震。汽缸套传出的爆震波被视为流体压力。这种压力转变为压电信号，然后被传送到电子对抗系统上。热氧传感器热氧传感器安装在排气装置上。它用来检测相对与外部的空气排出气体中的氧气的含量。这种传感器是用陶瓷氧化钴做成的电子管。 nts外文资料译文节流传感器节流传感器随着加速器踏板发生变化。这种传感器是能让节流阀转变为输出电压的分压计，输出的电压信号传送到电子对抗系统上。除此之外，传感器检测节流阀的回程速度和闭合速度，电压信号流入电子对抗系统里。从节流传感器接受到的信号决定节流阀的空转位置。车辆速度传感器车辆速度传感器安装在驱动桥上。它包括给里程计提供交通速度信号的脉冲发动机。里程计给电子对抗系统发射信号。停车传感器当司机使用倒车挡时，这个系统自动启动。小型传感器固定在车辆的后面，他们发送并接受减少交通困境的超音波无线电波，并提醒司机危险情况的出现。当司机接近物体时，内部的蜂鸣器逐步地频繁响起来。持续的响声表明汽车在离障碍物 0.35 米的距离。并不是所有的发动机拥有所有的传感器。这儿列举的这些传感器基于合理的燃料量管理。自动传输目前，最新的自动传输在当今的汽车领域里是最复杂的机械部分。自动传输包括机械系统、水压系统、电力系统和电脑控制。除非出现问题，这些部分的协调工作得很好。什么是动力输出器？动力输出器是连在发动机后面的设备，并从发动机输送电力到方向盘。发动机在一定时间时间旋转范围内运转时，电子传送到车轮上。在车辆前轮驱动和后轮驱动的基础上，有两种基本自动传输器类型。后轮驾驶自动传输器通常按在电动机的后面，位于汽油踏板旁的地板中心。主动轴连接着位于后轴轮最终转动的动力传送器，用于给后车轮传送电力。这个系统的电力传送很简单也很直接，过程为：先通过转矩变换器，再通过动力传输器和主动轴，直到到达分开的最终转动部分，然后传输到两后轮上。前轮驾驶动力传输器通常安装在最终转动部分，形成所谓的驱动桥。前轮驱动车的发动机通常设在车辆的侧面，驱动桥安装在汽车后面的发动机一边的下面。前车轴直接和驱动桥连接，并给前轮提供动力。在这个例子中，动力通过转矩变换器从电动器中传送出来，并把动力通过 180 度的旋转传送到电动机旁边的动力传输器的链条上。在那里，动力通过动力传输器传送到分开的最终转动部分，并通过驾驶车轴传送到两个前车轮上。动力传输器部分现代自动传输器包含了许多组件和系统，它们的设计能使那些灵巧的机械、液压、电子技术等协调工作，这些电气技术经历了多年的nts外文资料译文演变，以致许多机械人士认为它成了一种艺术。组成自动动力传输器的部分包括：行星齿轮组这是提供前轮比率和反比率的机械体系。气压系统为了控制行星齿轮组，气压系统使用一种由油泵低压传送的特殊的动力传输器流度，通过真空管来控制离合器和波段。封条和垫圈被用来保证油的一定含量，也防止油的泄露。转矩变换器它相当与离合器的作用，当发动机运转时，也可以让车辆停下来。未来的汽车未来的汽车和现在的汽车截然不同，比如说 2005 型的汽车开起来很省油，有环保作用，有电脑操作的自动系统，还有即使是身怀绝技的赛车者都不会发生意外事故的安全设施。这些将借助于二氧化碳奔跑运行，同时排出草莓香味的氧气。未来汽车模式可能有以下几种：自动化和通讯日前，有少数的汽车可以上网，将来的汽车多会实现宽带上网。另外，凡是手提电脑上有的功能汽车上都会有，包括接收电子邮件、听音乐、看电影等无线通讯。当穿越大峡谷的过程中，如果孩子们感到疲乏厌倦，他们就可以从网络上获得大峡谷的知识，或收看电视。每个乘客有平板显示器和视听器，汽车会及时告知出现的问题，并带你到最近的经销商那儿进行修理。导航系统和自动驾驶未来每辆车都会有与全球定位相连的导航系统。激光、超频音响、雷达传感器会使你的汽车紧跟着附近的汽车。在高速公路上，当前面的汽车减速时，它们也随时起作用使之减速；在城镇里，他们会帮你自动停车，也不会撞着后驶的车辆。在高峰期，在交通阻塞和意外事故中，你可以改换车道行驶；道路边安装的标志线发射器或车内设置的照相机使汽车驾驶自动化成为可能虽然有些人认为这是三四十年后的事。环境与汽车排气功在能源消耗和汽车尾气方面，当今的机动车辆就占据20%和 30%。在未来不久，混合发电设备、小型汽油发动机的作用会使汽车消耗一加仑油而前进高达 50 英里的路程。刹车会在蓄电池里产生电量。从长远来看，nts外文资料译文汽车不会再排出废气，一种能转换的燃料电池会把氢气与氧气有机的结合起来产生能量。这样，汽车尾气排出的是纯水，事实上未来的汽车零件都是可在利用的。驾驶体验未来汽车的仪表板会有少数把手和开关。你可以用自动控音系统，如“温度调的低一些”，“搜寻乡村音乐”；方向租界地发展成短柄或杠杆；更轻吏可靠的电力控制器（节流阀、闸）会代替器械控制器；纤维光缆和发光二极管会用来代替电线和电灯。车内通风效果好，且设有空调。发光二极管元件在阳光明媚的天气里也会使窗内光线暗下来。而且，未来汽车会像飞机一样自由转向。安全汽车通过保持行驶安全距离，限制刹车，及检测出昏昏欲睡或醉酒的司机来避免意外的交通事故。如果你横穿马路时没有使用闪光警戒灯（可能当时很瞌睡），汽车的方向盘回应是迅速伸出一个响声很大的把手去提醒你。未来汽车设计者还需探索新方法和更具有影响力的设计。在尽力使其设计吏具有吸引力的同时，他们会在设计上更加大胆创新，这通常会产生这样的结果：在尽力使其设计比以前市场上的老样式更标新立异时，汽车的样式也失去了平衡效果的美感。新的材料不断充斥着汽车领域。传感器可以用来监测汽车在路上行驶的位置，如果发现车辆远离交通要道或行车道，警报器就会响。传感器也会检测出司机的开车状态，追循着司机的眼部运动以查出如果司机的眼睛闭合将近几秒钟的时间，警报器就会呼以提醒司机。车辆的内部也会随之变得更有益于司机掌握和更自由化、更个性化。式效安置控制器有助于腰部便于调整座位。这会让司机感到舒适，也会减少慢性疾病和不适。乘客安全已经成为当今汽车工业的重中之重，在未来社会中其重要性会逐渐加强。气囊会得到更加广泛的应用，同时某些特殊形状的气囊所具有的保护作用，在拯救生命方面非常实用有效。在其操作和可靠性上还要做更多的研究和更精确的检测。汽车的多媒体系统将会持续发展，直到乘客们的感觉从“不知身在其中”到“真正的乐在其中”。汽车里配置的音效也会改进，从而使不同的乘客都能享受到个人空间。采用双耳机插头和多种音效模式的出口，通过不同的插孔，四个不同的收音机电视台都可以立即收听；几种 MP3 也可以立即播放。以上这些很可能是未来的汽车模式。 nts外文资料译文 Sensors and automatic transmissions Sensors in a modern fuel injection system there is an eletronic control unit some car manufactures call it a ECU or other things . Generically we call it the brain,since it does the thinking.NOW comparing it to the human boby will help you understand how it works. Your brain receive information from your sense : sight touch taste, smell and hearing. Since a computer doesnt have hands , eyes , ears or noses they need to get information some how. Thats where sensors come in .These sensors are the eyes and ears of the ECU. As the information comes in, the ECU processes it and determines what output to use to do something. Here are some of there input sensors and how they work Mass Air Flow Sensors The mass airflow rate by measuring a part of the entire intake flow. It consists of a hot wire that is supplied with electric current from the ECM. The temperature of the hot wire is controlled by the ECM a certain amount. The heat generated by the hot wire is reduced as the intake air flow around it. The more air, the greater the heat loss. Therefore, the ECM must supple more electric current to maintain the temperature of the hot wire as airflow increases. The ECM dectects the airflow by means. of this current change. Intake Air Temperature Sensor The intake air temperature sensors is mounted to the air duct housing. The sensor detects intake air temperature and transmits a signal to the ECM. The temoeraturesensing unit uses a thermistor that is sensitve to the change in temperature. Electrical resistance of the thermistor decreases in response to the temperature rise. Crankshaft Position Sensor The camshaft position sensor monitors engine speed and poston position .These input signal to the ECM are used to control fule injection, ignition timing and the other functions. Coolant Temperature Sensor The engine coolant temperature sensor is used to detect the engine coolant temperature. The sensor modifies a voltage signal from tne ECM, The modified signal returns to the ECM as the engine coolant temperature input .The sensor uses a thermistor that is sensitive to the changd in temperature .The electrical resistance of the thermistor decreases ae temperature increases. Knock Sensor The knock sensor is attached to the cylinder block. It senses engine knocking using a piezoelectric element. A koncking vibration from the cylineder block is sensed as virbrational pressure. This pressure is conveerted into a voltage signal and sent to the ECM. Heated Oxygen Sensor It is placed into the exhaust manifold It detects the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gas compared to the outside air. The sensor has a closedend tube made of ceramic zirconia. Thorttle Position Sensor The throttle position sensor responds to the accelerator pedal movement. This sensor is a kind of potentiometer the throttle position into output voltage, and emits the voltage signal to the ECM. In addition, nts外文资料译文 the sensor detects the opening and closing speed of the throttle valve and feeds the voltage signal to the ECM. The ECM receiving the signal from the throttle position sensor determines idle position of the throttle valve. Vehicle Speed Sensor The vehicle speed sensor is installed in the transaxle It contains a pulse generaor that provides a vehicle speed signal to the speedometer. The speedometer then sends a signal to the ECM. Parking Sensor The system is automatically activated when the driver engages reverse gear. Small sensors are fixed to the rear of the vehicle, and they send and receive ultrasonic radio waves which bounce off obstacles and alert the driver to their presence.There is an internal buzzer that gradually increase in frequency as the drive approach the object. A continuous tone denotes that the car is within 0.35m of the obstacle. Now not all engine have all of there sensors .The ones listed here are the most directly responsible for proper fuel management. Automatic Transmissions The modern automatic transmission is by far, the most complicatef mechanical component in todays automoblie. Automatic transmissions contrain mechanical systems ,hydraulic systems ,electrical systems and computer controls ,all working together in perfect harmony which goes virtually unnoticed until there is a problem. What is a transmission? The transmission is a drive that is connected to the back of the engine and sends the power from the enginge to the drive wheel. An automobile engine runs at its best at a certain RPM(revolutions per minute) range and it is the transmissions job to make sure that the power is delivered the engine within that range. It does this through various gear combinations. There are two basic types of automatic transmissions based on whether the vehicle is rear wheel drive or front wheel drive. On a rear wheel drive car ,the transmission is uaually mounted to the back of the engine and is located under the hump in the center of the floorboard alongside the gas pedal position.A drive shaft connects the rear of the transmission to the final driver which is located in the rear axle and is used to send power to the rear wheel . Power flow on this system is simple and straight forward going from the engine, through the torqu converter , then through the transmission and drive shaft until it reaches the final driv where it is split and sent to the two rear wheels. On a front wheel drive car, the transmission is usually with the final drive to form what is called a transaxle. The ehgine on a front wheel drive car is usually mounted sideways in the car with the transaxle tucked under it on the side of the engine facing the rear of the car. Fornt axles are connected directly to the transaxle and provide power to the front wheels In this example, power flows from the engine, through the torque converter to a large chain that sends the power through a 180 degee turn to the transmisson that is along side the engine. From there , the power is routed through the transmission to the final drive where it is split and sent to the two front wheels through the drive axles. Transmission Components The mode automatice transmission consists of many components and systems that are designed to work together in a sysmphony nts外文资料译文 of clever mechanical, hydraulic and electical technology that has evolved over the years into what many mechanically inclined individuals consider to be an art form. The mian components that make up an automatice transmission include: Planetary gear sets which are the mechanical systems that provide the various forward gear rations as well as reverse. The hydraulic system which uses a specical transmission fiuid sent under pressure by an Oil Pump thourgh the Valve Body to control the Clutches and the Bands in order to control the planetary gear sets. Seals and gaskets are used to keep the oil where it is supposed to be and preven it from leaking out. The torque converter which acts like a clutch to allow the vehicle to come to a stop in gear while the engine is still running. The Future Car The future car, lets say a 2025 model will be a very different machine to its present day grandfather. They will be cheaper to run, cleaner for the environment, packed with computers and safety devices ensuring that not even a stunt driver can crash, and they will run on carbon dioxide and emit strawberry scented oxygen. Well they might be such in the future: Computing and Communications Today, the internet in a few cars; tomorrow, broadband in all of them. Any capability a personal computer has, a car will have, including two-way wireless communications for receiving e-mail, music, and movies. When youre crossing the Grand Canyon, the kids can learn about the rock formations or watch TV if theyre bored. Every passenger will have a flat-panel display and audio/video feed. The car will broadcast developing problems and route you to the nearest dealer stocking the repair parts. Navigation and Self-Driving every car will have a navigation system linked to GPS satellites. Laser, ultrasound, or radar sensors will track nearby cars. On the freeway, theyll slow your car when the car ahead of you slows; in town, theyll help you park without smacking the car behind. At rush hour, youll get alternate routes around jams and accidents. Lane-marking emitters embedded in the roadway or incar video cameras may make it possible for the car to drive itselfthough some say thats 30 to 40 years off. Environment and Emissions Motor vehicles today represent 20 to 30 percent of the worlds energy consumption and emissions. In the near term, hybrid powerplants combining a small gasoline engine and an electric motor will top 50 miles per gallon. Braking will regenerate electricity in a storage battery. Longer term, cars might burn zero-emission hydrogen or use a fuel cell that converts a fuel like hydrogen and combines it with oxygen to create electricity. The exhaust will be pure water. Virtually all car parts will be recyclable. Driving Experience Dashboards will have only a handful of knobs and nts外文资料译文 switches. Youll use speaker-independent voice control:Make it a bit cooler, Find me country music. The steering wheel could evolve to paddles or a lever. Lighter, more reliable electronic controls (throttle, brakes) replace mechanical controls. Fiber optics and LEDs replace electrical wires and light bulbs. Seats will be ventilated and air-conditioned. LCD elements will darken windows on sunny days. The car will bank into turns, just as an airplane does now. Safety Cars will avoid some accidents by maintaining safe following distances, limiting skids, and sensing sleepy or inebriated drivers. If you cross over a divider lane without using your blinker (you may be getting sleepy), steering wheel feedback will emulate rumble strip to alert you. In the future car designers will have to explore new themes and find alternative influences for their designs .In an effort to catch peoples eye the designs will have to be increasingly bold and brash often sacrificing the aesthetic balance of the design in attempt to be

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