初中英语时态总结.doc

初中英语八大时态.1 一般现在时1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 时间状语： every, sometimes,at, on Sundays I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.Columbus proved that the earth is round.二. 构成及变化1、be动词的变化肯定句：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它 否定句：主语+ be + not +其它一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句2、行为动词的变化当主语为第一，二人称及复数时，助动词为do肯定句：主语+动词原形(+其它)否定句：主语+ dont+动词原形(+其它)。一般疑问句：Do +主语+动词原形+其它?特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问当主语为第三人称单数时 ,助动词为does2 一般过去时1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday, an hour ago, the other day, in 1984yesterday morning (afternoon, evening)last night (week, month, year),a moment ago , a week ago, three years agojust now,等。 Where did you go just now?2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street.3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。比较：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，与现在无关，对现在无影响。I was there that time. （现在不在那里了）4）情态动词 could, would.Could you lend me your bike?二、构成及变化1. Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasnt)are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=werent)2.行为动词在一般过去时中的变化：肯定句 ： 主语 + 动词的过去式 .否定句 ： 主语+ didnt + 动词原形.一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 ?特殊疑问句：疑问词+ 以did 开头的一般疑问句 ?3、现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。时间标志now，句前的look ,listen构成:be (am, is ,are )+动词现在分词-ing形式肯定句： 主语 + be + 现在分词V-ing 否定句：主语+be+not+动词-ing一般疑问句：Be+主语+动词-ing 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词-ing现在进行时的基本用法：a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。 We are waiting for you.b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 Mr. Green is writing another novel.(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer.*不用进行时的动词 1) 属性的动词have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue This house belongs to my sister.2) 心理状态的动词Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hateHe loves her very much.3 ) 瞬间动词 accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.I accept your advice.4) 系动词seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turnYou seem a little disoppointed.4 过去进行时 1）概念：过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。3) 常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while 例： It was raining when they left the station. 典型例题一、过去进行时结构：was/were + 动词的现在分词否定句则在was/were后加一个not,疑问句将was/were提前则可。如：He was reading a book at 5:00pm yesterday. 否定句：_一般疑问句：_划线部分提问：_二、过去进行时用法：1. 过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，常和表示过去的状语连用。如： （just）then 那时，当时 at this/that time 在这/那时 yesterday afternoon昨天下午 at nine 在九点 last night 昨晚 （at）this time yesterday在昨天这个时候2.过去进行时也可以表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作。常与those days, the whole morning, from 8:00 to 12:00 last night等时间状语连用。（1）From 1983 to 1998 , he was teaching at Yale . 从1983到1998年，他正在耶鲁大学教书。（2）They were building a bridge last winter . 去年冬天他们正在造一座桥。 (3) He was writing a book those days. 那几天他正在写一本书3.过去进行时与频度副词always forever， continually， constantly等连用时表示过去经常反复的动作，常常带有埋怨、讨厌、赞扬或喜爱等情绪。 My sister was always forgetting things.(表示埋怨) He was always helping others. (表示赞扬)4. 过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，同样，过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作，常用在间接引语中。 Lucy arrived in Beijing last Friday. But she was leaving for Hong Kong the next morning. 上周五Lucy到达北京，但第二天早晨就要动身去香港了。5、过去进行时和一般过去时的区别。（1）过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作，而一般过去时则表示一个完成的动作。也就是说用一般过去时，动作是瞬间完成的（瞬间动词）；用过去进行时，则强调动作的持续性（延续性动词）。 (2) 表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be， like， love， hate， fear， own， hear， see， know， want， notice)可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。如：I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。 (3 有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时，但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的;而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。如：I was thinking of having a new lesson next year. (4) 用来描写故事发生的情景时。如：It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A PLA man suddenly appeared on the river bank. He wanted to cross the river.那是一个漆黑的夜晚，风刮得 (5) when作并列连词，表示“(这时)突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如：I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步，突然遇见了他。We were playing outside when it began to rain. 我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了。She was coming later. 她随后就来。5一般将来时 一、 意义：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态时间标志：tomorrow , soon ,next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening 二. 构成及变化：一般将来时常用的两种结构 be going to +动词原形：表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事1 定句 主语+be(am /,is,/ are) going to +动词原形+其它成份否定句 主语+be(am / is / are)not going to +动词原形 +其它成份一般疑问句 Be (am / is / are)+主语+going to+动词原型+其它成份?.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词(Wh-)+一般疑问句 ?我姐姐准备明年学英语：_否定句_一般疑问句_特殊疑问句_.will /shall +动词原形：表示将要发生的动作或情况,表示意愿三、附 :Shall I /we 常用来征求对方意见，而问对方是否愿意，或者表示客气的邀请，常用Will you?他们的回答比较灵活。四、时间标志：tomorrow , soon ,next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening 1)be going to +不定式，表示将来。2) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。3)be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。6.过去将来时1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。 2.时间状语：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc. 3.基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do. 4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. 5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。 6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the(1)过去将来时由“助动词would+动词原形”构成。would常缩略为d。(2)过去将来时的用法过去将来时表示过去的某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用在宾语从句中。如：I didnt know if she would come。 I wasnt sure whether he would do it。Wang Lei said that she would visit her uncle next Saturday。过去将来时也可以用“was(were) going to +动词原形”来表示。如：I didnt know if she was going to come。 Wang Lei said that she was going to visit her uncle next Saterday。7现在完成时 用法1：表示：过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。标志词：already, yet, just, ever, never, before用法2：表示：过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。标志词：for, since, sinceago基本结构：助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词1)肯定式：主语 + have / has + 过去分词2)否定式：主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词3)一般疑问句： Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词4)特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词例句1. 过去某时发生的动作到目前为止这个动作已经完成或刚刚完成。如：我做完家庭作业了。_2. 表示动作发生在过去并延续到现在. For/since+一段时间如：1)I have studied English for six years. 我已经学了六年英语了。当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just 时，在转换成否定句时，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet.。例如：I have already seen the film. - I havent seen the film yet.使用时注意事项1. have/has gone to 、have/has been to 和have/has been in的区别have/ has gone to 去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人还未回来have/ has been to 曾经去过，人已经回来了have/ has been in 已经在，常与一段时间连用如：He has been to Shenyang before. 他以前曾去过沈阳。He has been in Shenyang for ten years. 他在沈阳10年了。Has he gone to Shenyang? 他去沈阳了吗?4.非延续性动词不能用“现在完成时 + 表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。这类动词有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等瞬间动词不能用于完成时。但它们能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的非延续性性动词。arrive, come be here, be in buy have begin, start be on ;die be dead finish, end be over go out be outjoin be in borrowkeep finish/end be overclose be closed leave, move be away; fall asleep be asleep8 过去完成时 1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。 2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc. 3.基本结构：had + done. 否定形式：had + not + done. 一般疑问句：had放于句首。 例：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books 2） 用法a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris.b. 状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.3)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。注意：had no/hardly when还没等 就had no sooner than刚 就 He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.动词时态巩固练习( )1. There _ no hospitals in my hometown fifty years ago. A. is B. are C. was D. were( )2. - Who sings best in your class? - Jenny _.A. do B. did C. does D. has done( )3. - _ the young girl _ the old man clean his room every day? - Yes, she does. A. Does; help B. Has; helped C. Did; help D. Do; helps( )4. - Can I go to Beijing for my holiday, Dad? - You can when you _ a bit older. A. will get B. get C. are getting D. got( )5. - What does Linda often do in the evening?- She often _ her homework, but on the evening of March 12 she _ TV.A. does; watches B. is doing; watched C. does; watched D. is doing; was watching( )6. Our geography teacher told us yesterday that the earth _ around the sun.A. was moving B. moved C. has moved D. moves( )7. If he _harder, he will catch up with us soon. A. study B. studies C. will study D. studied( )8. - Dont forget to ask him to write to me. - I wont. As soon as he _, Ill ask him to write to you.A. will come B. came C. comes D. is coming( )9. - Do you like this silk dress?- Yes, I do. It _ so soft and comfortable.A. is feeling B. feels C. has felt D. is felt ( )10. Oh, its you. Im sorry I _ know you _ here. A. dont; are B. didnt; are C. didnt; were D. dont; were( )11. Mr Lu Xun died in 1936. He _ a lot of famous novels.A. wrote B. was writing C. has written D. would write( )12. - Your telephone number again? I _ quite catch it. - Its 2567321. A. cant B. couldnt C. dont D. didnt( )13. - How was your weekend on the farm? - Great! We _ with the farmers.A. enjoy ourselves B. went fishing C. will work D. make friends( )14. - What did Mr Jones do before he moved here?- He _ a city bus for over twenty-five years.A. is driving B. drove C. has driven D. drives( )15. Jane _ a new dress every month when she was in Shanghai. A. buys B. is buying C. bought D. will buy( )16. - Liu Mei cant come tonight.- Why? But she _ me she would come. A. tells B. told C. is told D. had told( )17. He turned off the light and then _. A. leaves B. has left C. will leave D. left( )18. - Keep quiet, please. They _ a meeting.- Sorry. A. have B. had C. are having D. have had( )19. - Jimmy is leaving for a holiday.- Really? Where _ he _? A. has; gone B. will; go C. did; go D. would; go( )20. Frank _ to see his grandma if he _ free tomorrow. A. will come; will be B. comes; is C. will come; is D. comes; will be( )21. There _ a talk on science in our school next Monday. A. will give B. will be C. is going to give D. is ( )22. - Shall we go shopping now? - Sorry, I cant. I _ my shirts. A. wash B. washes C. washed D. am washing( )23. Hurry up! Were all waiting for you. I _ for an important phone call. Go without me. A. wait B. was waiting C. am waiting D. waited( )24. - Did you see Tom at the party?- No, he _ by the time I got there. A. had left B. was leaving C. left D. has left( )25. - Is this raincoat yours?- No, mine _ there behind the door. A. has hung B. is hanging C. hung D. will hang( )26. - _ you _ TV at the moment?- No, you can turn it off. A. Did; watch B. Are; watching C. Do; watch D. Have; watched( )27. I dont think Jim saw me; he _ a book at that moment. A. just read B. has just read C. was just reading D. had just read( )28. Mr Smith _a book about China last year but I dont know whether he has finished it. A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing( )29. - I called you at seven yesterday evening, but there was no answer. - Oh, I am sorry. I _ dinner at my friends home. A. am having B. had C. was having D. have had ( )30. - Do you know Miss Wang? - Yes. I first met her two years ago. She _ at a radio shop at that time. A. was working B. has worked C. is working D. had worked( )31. Mr White _ the newspaper, while his daughter _TV. A. read; was watching B. was reading; watched C. was reading; was watching D. read; watched( )32. - I _ you at the meeting. Why? - I was ill. A. saw B. have seen C. not see D. didnt see ( )33. When the teacher came in, the students _ about the new film. A. are talking B. were talkingC. talked D. talks ( )34. The 2004 Athens Olympic Games _ on August 13. A. has begun B. lastedC. began D. has lasted ( )35. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes. A. has been on B. has begunC. had begun D. began( )36. - May I speak to Mr Smith?- Sorry, he _ Australia. But he _ in two days. A. has been to; will come back B. has gone to; will be back C. has been in; would come backD. is leaving for; doesnt come back( )37. I cant go to see the film tonight, because I _ my ticket. A. have lost B. lostC. will lose D. was losing( )38. - What do you think of the film Harry Potter?- It is very nice. I _ it twice. A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see( )39. We _to learn English five years ago. We _ it for five years up to now. A. began; learned B. begin; have learned C. have begun; had learned D. began; have learned( )40. - What a nice bike! How long _ you _ it？ - Just two weeks. A. have; bought B. did; buy C. have; had D. are; hav