【创新设计】（山东专用）高考英语一轮复习 高频语法训练 附录7 情态动词和虚拟语气.doc

七、情态动词和虚拟语气1guess what，he has decided to enter for tomorrows speech contest!_ it be possible？he is usually quite shy and reserved.amust bwould cshould dneed答案c句意：你猜怎么样，他已经决定参加明天的演讲比赛了。这有可能吗？他通常很害羞很保守。should表示说话人意外、惊喜等语气。must“必须；一定；偏偏”；would表示过去的意愿；need“需要”。2he has always insisted that he _ dr turner instead of mr turner.awill be called bcallchave been called dshould be called答案d句意：他一直坚持被叫做特纳博士，而不是特纳先生。insist意为“坚持要”时，其后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”；he与call是逻辑上的被动关系，应用被动语态。3if we had taken such effective measures much earlier，the river _ so seriously now.ais not pollutedbwould not be pollutedchad not been polluteddwould not have been polluted答案b句意：如果我们早采取这些有效措施，那条河现在就不会被污染得这么严重了。由语境及时间状语可知，从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，主句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，属于错综虚拟语气，故主句谓语用would do的形式。4mary failed the driving test again.if she _ harder，she _ the test easily.apracticed；would passbhad practiced；would passchad practiced；would have passeddshould practice；should have passed答案c考查虚拟语气。句意：玛丽又没有通过驾驶考试。要是她多加练习，她就能很容易地通过考试。表示与过去事实相反时，if从句谓语用“had过去分词”，主句谓语用“wouldhave过去分词”。5it _ be really cold in november in hefei though we usually have warm and sunny days.ashould bwill cmust dcan答案d考查情态动词can的用法。句意：11月份合肥真的很冷，虽然通常温暖且阳光明媚。can表示推测多用于否定句和疑问句中，用于肯定句时，多指“客观可能性”。6i _ have gone the concert because i know nothing about that kind of music.acouldnt bmustntcshouldnt doughtnt答案c考查虚拟语气。句意：我本来不应该去音乐会的，因为我对那种类型的音乐一无所知。shouldnt have done sth表示“本不该做的事情却做了”。7id rather you _ right away.aleave bleftcwill leave dto leave答案b考查would rather后面的从句用虚拟语气，动词用过去式。8its important that we _ protect wild animals.awill bshould c shall dmust答案b考查“itbeadj.thatsb(should)动词原形”结构，即虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用。9jack should have taken the doctors advice that he _ in bed for a couple of days.alies blie cmust lie dlay答案badvice，suggestion等表示意见、建议的词后面的同位语从句用虚拟语气。10we _ a wonderful party to mark the special occasion in the open air，but it rained heavily then.acould have had bmust have hadccould have dmust have答案a句意：为了纪念这特别的日子我们本来能在露天举办一个美好的晚会的，但那时雨下得很大。由“it rained heavily then”可知，此处表示过去本能够做某事实际上没做，故用could have done。must have done表示对过去情况把握性较大的肯定推测；could do和must do是对现在情况的推测。11michael is always doing well in maths.but sometimes he _ be a failure.acan bshall cmust dwill答案a句意：迈克尔的数学非常好，但有时他也会做得很差。can表示推测用于肯定句时，表示偶然的可能性或一时的情况，意为“有时会”，符合题意。shall表示命令或请求；must表示推测或“必须”；will表示意愿或习惯。12will you take up teaching as a career after graduation?hard to say.i _ go abroad for higher education instead，but it depends.ashould bmust cmight dshall答案c句意：毕业之后你会从事教育职业吗？很难说，我可能去国外留学深造，但也要看情况。由题意可知，此处表示对将来情况把握性不大的推测，故用might。should表示请求、责任或义务；must表示推测或“必须”；shall表示命令或请求。13we _ as well go straight home.theres nothing better to do.ok，though i hate to do so.amight bcan cshould dmust答案amight as well为固定搭配，意为“不妨”。14when shall we meet your cousin at the station?his plane took off 2 hours ago，and it _ arrive at 5 pm.ashould b couldcmust have dneed答案ashould意为“应该会，可能”，此处是对将来的推测，表示“预期会”。15the traffic is heavy now，so mike _ come late.lets wait ten more minutes.acan bneed cmay dshall答案c句意：现在交通繁忙，所以麦克可能会迟到。那让我们再等10分钟吧。此处may表示“(有可能但不肯定)也许，可能”；can表示“能够”；need表示“需要”；shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示警告、命令、威胁等语气。因此选c项。16he wished he _ so careless；his examination results could have been more satisfactory.aisnt bwasnt chasnt dhadnt been答案d句意：他希望自己没有这么粗心就好了，他的考试结果本应更令人满意的。wish后的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气，此处表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时，故选d。17i really dont know how to express my thanks to mr li，my high school english teacher，without whose help i _ to college that year.awerent to gobhadnt been able to goccouldnt godcouldnt have gone答案d句意：我真的不知道怎么表达对我的高中英语老师李老师的感谢。那一年若没有他的帮助我是不会考上大学的。without whose help表示含蓄的虚拟条件，句子表示与过去事实相反的情况，故用couldnt have gone。18the doctor suggested he _ with a serious disease and that he _ to hospital at once.abe infected；be sentbwas infected；be sentcshould be infected；was sentdbe infected；was sent答案b句意：医生说他得了一种严重的疾病，并建议他被立即送到医院去。第一个suggest意为“表明，暗示”，其后的宾语从句不用虚拟语气，句子表示过去的事实，故用一般过去时的被动语态。第二个suggest意为“建议”，其后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。19_ he have been chosen as captain of our school football team?yes，he _.cant you see hes wearing an armband?acan；can bmust；must havecmust；must dcan；must have答案d考查情态动词的用法。句意：难道他被选为我们学校足球队的队长了吗？是的，他一定被选为队长了，你没看见他戴着袖标吗？第一空，can have done表示对现在的推测，一般用于疑问句和否定句。用于疑问句时表示怀疑，用于否定句时表示不确定；第二空，must have done，表示肯定推测。20if rose _ her diamond in a safer place，it _ stolen.ahad put；might bebhad put；might not have beenchad put；could bedhad not put；could not have been答案b考查虚拟语气。句意：如果罗斯把钻石放在更安全的地方，钻石就可能不会被偷了。表示与过去事实相反的假设时，从句谓语用had过去分词，主句谓语用would/should/could/mighthave过去分词。根据语境，说话者语气不肯定，用might表示不确定的推测。21its said that there are plenty of hotels in that town.there _be any difficulty for you to find somewhere to stay.awouldnt bshouldntcmustnt dneednt答案b句意：据说在那个城镇有许多旅馆，对你来说找个地方住下应该没有困难。只有b项shouldnt是这个意思。22you really should have taken part in the competition.i know i _，but i _ too busy to spare any time.ashould have；was bshould do；wascshould；had been dshould have；had been答案a从语境判断，谈话人所说的事情是已经发生过的事，因此是对过去事情的推断，用情态动词的完成时，而but后是对过去事实的描述，用一般过去时。23look at the girl，her eyes were red.yes，she _.amay cry bmust crycmust be cried dmust have been crying答案d考查情态动词。句意：看那个小女孩，她的眼睛是红的。是啊，她刚才肯定一直在哭。”对过去正发生某事的推测。24can i pay the bill by check?sorry，sir.but it is the management rules of our hotel that payment _ be made in cash.ashall bneed cwill dcan答案a考查情态动词shall的用法。句意：我能用支票付账吗？先生，很抱歉，这是我们酒店的管理规定，必须要用现金结算。四项中只有shall可以表示按照命令、条文、承诺、要求或义务等应该怎样。25jim _his strict father，for he has failed in the examination once again.adidnt dare to see bnot dare seecdidnt dared to see ddare not to see答案a考查dare的用法。句意：吉姆不敢见他严厉的父亲，因为他又没通过考试。dare可用作情态动词和实义动词，用作情态动词否定形式为：dare not do sth，故排除b、d两项；用作实义动词否定形式为：dont/didnt dare to do sth。26you _ come if you dont want to.awont bneednt cmustnt dshant答案b句意：如果你不想来，你不必来。wont“将不会”；neednt“没有必要”；mustnt“必须不”；shant“不愿意”，只有b项句意通顺，故选b。27its hard to believe that jack _ have fought with the policeman.yes.if one _ ask for trouble，it cant be helped.awould；will bmust；maycshould；must dneed；dare答案c句意：难以置信，杰克竟然与警察打了一架。是的。如果一个人非要找麻烦，实在没法子。句中should表示“竟然”，must表示“硬要，非要”。均符合语境。28mr white _ at 8：30 for the meeting，but he didnt show up.ashould have arrivedbshould arrivecshould have had arriveddshould be arriving答案a“should动词原形”表示现在或将来应该；“shouldbe doing”表示现在应该正在做某事；“should have过去分词”表示过去本该做某事而未做。根据题意，a符合本题要求。29sorry，im late.i _ have misunderstood the plan and i went for another appointment.amight bshould ccan dwill答案a句意：抱歉，我迟到了。我可能误解了这个计划，赶赴了另一个约会。此处表示把握性不大的肯定推测，用might。should表示“应该”；can表示推测多用于否定句和疑问句；will表示意愿和倾向性。30if you _ that film late last night，you wouldnt be so sleepy now.adidnt see bhavent seencwouldnt have seen dhadnt seen答案d句意：如果你昨晚没有熬夜看那部电影，你就不会这么困了。last night暗示从句是与过去事实相反的假设，因此从句应用过去完成时；而主句与现在事实相反，谓语用would do。31if he _，he _ that food.luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.awas warned；would not takebhad been warned；would not have takencwould be warned；had not takendwould have been warned；had not taken答案b考查虚拟语气在if从句中的运用。答句.he was sent表明“他被送进医院”是过去的事，从句用过去完成时，主句用would have done。32the rice _ if you had been more careful.awould not be burningbwould not burncwould not have been burntdwould not burnt答案c从句子的意思分析“如果你仔细点，那么饭就不会烧焦了。”明显是对过去动作的假设。根据条件状语从句中虚拟语气的规则选出答案。33you _ pay too much attention to your english learning，as it is so important.ashould bmust ccannot dneednt答案ccannot too.表达“再做也不过分”的意思。34excuse me.is this the way to the summer palace?sorry，i am not sure.but it _ be.amight bwill cmust dcan答案a由答句中“i am not sure”来判断，空白处需要一个表示“可能”之意的情态动词来进行判断。而might恰恰表示一种语气较为委婉的推测，含义是“也许”，故选a。35in the 1990s，a trip to zhangjiajie cost less than 500 yuan，but now with the same amount of money you _ even cover the entrance fee.acouldnt bshantccant dwont答案c考查情态动词。句意：在九十年代，到张家界的旅游费用不到500元，但是现在同样的钱连付门票都不够。选项中，只有cant表示客观事实。36the fog is so thick that the express way _ have been closed.you are right.i _ have thought of that.now we have to take another road.acan；should bmay；cancshould；must dmust；should答案d考查情态动词。句意：雾这么大，高速公路一定已经关闭了。你说的对。我本应该想到的。我们选别的路吧。第一空，must have done“一定”，表示肯定的推测，语气较肯定；第二空，should have done“本应该而没有”。37_ about his financial situation，i would have helped him out.adid i know bhad i been knowingchad i known dhave i known答案c句意：我要是知道他的经济状况，就帮助他了。由主句谓语would have helped可知，从句是对过去事实的虚拟，要用过去完成时；从句省略if，把had提前，故选c。38the professor recommended the young couple _ their emotions.ado not hide bnot hidecmustnt hide dcouldnt hide答案b句意：那位教授建议那对年轻夫妇不要隐瞒他们的情绪。recommend表示“建议，劝告”，其后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。本题从句是否定句，故谓语动词用(should)not hide。39a man is asking to see you._ he come in?let him in.amust bshall cwill ddare答案bshall用于第一、三人称表示请求允许。40is it good to look up every new word when i come across it in reading?no.you _ because you are likely to guess the meaning from the context.acant bmustntcdont have to dshouldnt答案c根据答语中的no以及空格后的解释可知没必要查生词，故c符合题意。41when winter comes，_ spring be far behind?amust bshould cwill dcan答案dmust表示推测，用于肯定的陈述句表示有一定事实根据的推测，“一定，肯定”；should表示常理、常规或一般情况的推测， “应该会”；can表示逻辑上、理论上的可能性。本句意为：冬天来了，春天还会远吗？为理论上的推测，应选d。42you realize that you were driving at 80 miles per hour，dont you?no，officer，i _.this car cant do more than 70.adont need to be bmust not have beenccouldnt have been dneednt have been答案c根据横线后的话“这辆车不能开到70公里以上”，判断说话者是说“我不可能”。因此只能选择c。43if there were no subjunctive mood，english _ much easier.awill be bwould have beenccould have been dwould be答案d主句是对现在情况的假设，用would be。44i forget where i read the article，or i _ it to you now.awill show bwould showcam going to show dam showing答案b考查虚拟语气。句意：我不记得我在哪儿读过这篇文章，不然的话我现在就可以指给你看。根据上文的语境可知句中的or隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即orif i didnt forget where i read the article(要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话，但事实上忘了)。45it looks as if he were drunk.so it does._.ahad better give up drinkingbhe shouldnt have drunk so muchchealth is more important than drinkdi wonder why he is always doing so答案d考查虚拟语气。句意：他好像喝醉了。如果是这样。我想知道他为什么经常这样。关