中考考点形容词.doc

Period Five形容词大纲在语法项目表中要求掌握形容词的句法作用和比较等级。在比较等级中重点掌握句型：（1）as+原级+as（2）no+ as/so+原级+as （3）比较级形式+than （4）the+最高级形式+in/ of短语一、形容词 形容词是用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或物的性质、特征或状态。二、形容词的用法形容词可以在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语等。eg: There are some beautiful flowers in the garden. 花园里开着些美丽的花。（作定语） They look very sad. 他们看起来很伤心。（作表语） We should make our school more beautiful. 我们应当使我们的学校更加美丽。（作宾格补足语） They spent a few days in the woods, cold and hungry. 他们又冷又饿地在森林里度过了好几天。（作状语） 注以a开头的形容词如：alone, afraid, asleep, awake, alive和ill (表示“生病”时)，只能作表语，不能作定语。eg: The old woman was alone in a small village. 那个老妇女独自住在一个小村子里。John was ill, so he didnt go to school. 约翰生病了，所以他没去上学。有些表情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式。 eg: glad, happy, pleased be+ sorry, sad, sure to do sth. ready, afraid, able有些形容词前加定冠词the后变成名词，泛指一类人，含复数概念。它作主语时，谓语动词用复数。eg: The poor were well taken care of in the area. 在这个地区穷人们得到了很好的照顾。 They took the wounded to the hospital. 他们把伤员送到了医院。三、形容词作定语的位置1. (1) 形容词修饰名词时通常放在名词前面。 eg: Its a safe place. 这是个安全的地方。 (2) 在以下情况下，形容词应放在所修饰词的后面。 修饰复合不定代词的形容词要后置。 eg: Please give me something delicious to eat. 请给我一些好吃的东西。形容词短语作定语时要后置。She is the only person suitable for the job. 她是唯一适合做这项工作的人。形容词修饰数词短语时，要后置。eg: The boy is 1.83 metres tall. 这个男孩身高1.83米。and 或or连接的两个或两个以上的形容词修饰名词时，常放在名词的后面。eg: I bought a book, interesting, moving and educational. 我买了一本既动人有趣又富有教育意义的书。2. 多个形容词修饰名词时的排列顺序 当几个形容词同时修饰一个名词时，这些形容词的词序通常遵循一定的规则，一般不得随意调换，也不能依照汉语的意思去排列。排列顺序如下： 限定词（冠词，指示代词，不定代词，物主代词，名词所有格）+基数词+一般性描述形容词+形状（大小，长短）+年龄（新，旧，量度）+颜色+国籍（出处）+材料（物色）+用途（类别）+被修饰的名词。eg: two new red cars 两辆新的红色的小汽车 a big modern hospital 一家现代的大医院 a beautiful large green Chinese carpet 一块美丽的、绿色的、中国式大地毯四、形容词的比较级1. 形容词的比较级的构成 (1) 规则变化构成方法原级比较级单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加-ercold tall shortcolder taller shorter以字母e结尾的形容词，在词尾加-rnice latenicer later以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写这一辅音字母，再加-erbig hot wetbigger hotter wetter以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，先变y成i, 再加-ereasy happy heavyeasier happier heavier双音节和部分多音节词在词前加moredelicious interesting careful friendlymore deliciousmore interesting more carefulmore friendly(2) 不规则变化原级比较级good/wellbetterbad/illworsemany/muchmorelittlelessfarfarther further2. 形容词比较级的用法 两个人或事物进行比较时要用比较级，其结构是：主语+be动词+形容词+than+对比成分。eg: The book is more interesting than that one. 这本书比那本书有趣。 It is warmer today than it was yesterday. 今天比昨天暖和。 注形容词的比较级前有时可以用一个表示程度的词或短语来修饰，如：much, a little, a lot, even, still等。eg: This one is good. That one is even better. 这个很好。那个更好。形容词的比较级前还可以用倍数的词或词组来修饰。eg: This table is twice bigger than that one. 这张桌子比那张桌子大两倍。形容词的比较级还可以用于句型：比较级+and+比较级；the+比较级，the+比较级。eg: Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. 我们的国家变得越来越强大。 The busier she is, the happier she feels. 她越忙越高兴。五、形容词的最高级1. 形容词的最高级的构成（1）规则变化构成方法原级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加-estcoldtallshortcoldesttallestshortest以字母e结尾的形容词，在词尾加-stnicelatenicestlatest以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写这一辅音字母，再加-estbig hot wetbiggest hottest wettest以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，先变y成i, 再加-esteasy happy heavyeasiest happiestheaviest双音节和部分多音节词在词前加mostdelicious interesting careful friendlymost deliciousmost interestingmost carefulmost friendly (2) 不规则变化原级最高级good/wellbestbad/illworstmany/muchmostlittleleastfarfarthest furthest2. 形容词的最高级的用法 (1) 三者或三者以上的人或事物相比，表示最高程度时，“the+最高级”的结构来表示。这种句式的句末一般有一个of/in介词短语来说明比较的范围。eg: Spring is the best season of the year. 春天是一年中最好的季节。 Jim is the tallest in his class. 吉姆是他的班里个子最高的男孩。 (2)形容词的最高级修饰作表语或介词的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。eg: She is the oldest (girl) in her class. 她是班上年龄最大的。 注句型“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”意为“是最之一”。 eg: China is one of the largest countries in the world. 中国是世界上最大的国家之一。若形容词的最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格修饰时，不用加the。eg: Sunday is his busiest day. 星期日是他最忙的一天。表示最高程度的形容词，如excellent, extreme, perfect等，没有最高级和比较级。 eg: He is an excellent doctor. 他是一位极出色的医生。六、形容词的原级1. 说明某人、某物自身的性质特征时用原级。eg: Shes very strict with her children. 她待子女很严。2. 表示双方程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。 (1) 肯定句的句式结构为：A+ be动词+as+形容词原级+as+ B，表示A、B两者比较程度相同；其否定结构为：A+ be动词+not+ so/as+形容词原级+as +B，表示A、B两者程度不同。eg: She is as heavy as her mother. 她和她妈妈一样重。It wasnt so/as bad as last time! 这次不像上次那么坏！注倍数句型为：times as+形容词原级+as，表示是的几倍 half as+形容词原级+as,表示是的一半。eg: The farm is three times as large as that one. 这个农厂是那个农厂的三倍。My bedroom is not half as big as hers. 我的卧室不如她的一半大。七、巩固练习1. Nowadays science fiction isnt as A as cartoons among teenagers. A. popular B. more popular C. less popular D. the most popular (2005. 上海)2. Supermarkets are necessary. People usually spend B time finding things they want, but they usually spend _ money than they want. A. less; less B. less; more C. fewer; less D. fewer; more (2005. 杭州)3. To our disappointment (失望), the swimming pool was A for the whole time during our stay. A. closed B. open C. clean D. gone (2005. 浙江宁波)4. A: My watch doesnt work. Could you mend it? B: Sorry. But the worker in the shop may be D . A. careful B. kind C. hard-working D. helpful (2005. 宁夏)5. We are proud of the great changes in Wenzhou. Were sure Wenzhou will be even B tomorrow. A. good B. better C. best D. the best (2005. 浙江温州)6. Now more and more Chinese people are A enough to buy cars. A. rich B. weak C. poor D. strong (2005. 南京)7. The size of this classroom is much B than that one. A. stronger B. bigger C. faster (2005. 重庆)8. Sorry, I cant work out this problem. Try again, please. Its only A difficult. A. a bit B. a lot C. very D. much too (2005. 黑龙江)9. Why didnt you enjoy the talk? It was B talk that I had ever listened to. A. the most interesting B. the least interesting C. more interesting D. less interesting (2005. 云南)10. Which is A to learn, swimming or skating? A. easier B. the easier C. more easily (2005. 青岛)11. This year, it doesnt snow as C last year. A. more than B. many as C. much as (2005. 四川)12. A we work, _ we feel. A. The more; the happier B. More; happier C. The much; the happier D. Much; more happy (2004. 兰州)13. Everyone knows China is getting B .A. strong and strong B. stronger and stronger C. more strong D. strongest and strongest (2004. 黑龙江)14. A new car is much D than a secondhand one in the same brand (品牌) and model (型号). A. cheap B. cheaper C. expensive D. more expensive (2004. 锦州)15. Linda said she hadnt heard A music before. A. such a beautiful piece of B. a beautiful C. so beautiful a D. such a wonderful (2004. 贵州)16. Mike looks C than Paul, but they