高中英语 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars导学案 新人教版必修3.doc

人教版高中英语必修3 unit 4 astronomy the science of the stars导学案基础巩固一、词汇详解1.it exploded loudly with fire and rock,which were in time to produce the water vapor,carbon dioxide,oxygen,nitrogen and other gases,.它（地球）巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石，最终产生了水蒸气、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多种气体，要点提示:in time来得及;总有一天，迟早典型例句:i was just in time for the flight.我刚好来得及赶上那班飞机。i will see him in time.总有一天我会遇见他。相关链接:与time相关的短语in no time立即，立刻at any time 在任何时候at one time曾经，一度at times 有时，偶尔on time按时，准时of the time现在的，当时的例如：i jump into the river in no time.我立即跳入河中。you may use my watch at any time.你可以随时用我的手表。at one time there were not so many cars on the streets.从前街上没有这么多车子。at times i go to the playground to play football.我有时到操场踢足球。the guest reached the hall on time.客人准时到达大厅。i think he is the greatest musician of the time.我想他是当代最伟大的音乐家。应用探究短语填空in timeon timein no timeat one timeat timesat any time(1)why are you in a hurry to leave here?get home _ to bathe the children.(2)these buses are never _ and the passengers are always complaining.(3)i am away,please call me _ if someone come to see me.(4)you cant imagine this lake used to be a beautiful place in our province _.(5)he rushed out of the kitchen _ when he heard the shout.(6) _ i sit silently and wonder if this kind of job is worth all the effort.答案：(1)in time(2)on time(3)at any time(4)at one time(5)in no time(6)at times赠言（1）true friendship lasts forever.（2）with a true friend,the world is but a little place after all.2.it allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases,which had become part of the earths atmosphere,into the oceans and seas.它使地球把曾经存在于大气层中的有害气体溶解在海洋里。要点提示:allow动词有下列用法:allow sb.sth.同意给某人某物;allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事;allow doing sth.允许做某事，与permit在很多情况下可以通用。其他动词advise，forbid 也有类似用法。典型例句:the readingroom doesnt allow smoking.阅览室不准吸烟。people are not allowed to spit in public.不许当众吐痰。相关链接:permit,allow的不同用法:(1)allow可以和副词连用，permit则不能。如:mary wouldnt allow me in.玛丽不让我进去。(2)表示客气的请求时，主语是you应当用permit，以表示下级对上级，幼辈对长辈，低层对高层人尊敬的请求。若主语用i，则应当用allow的被动形式。如:may i be allowed to use this knife?=will you permit me to use this knife?我可以用你的刀子吗？翻译(1)the girls parents are very strict and they dont allow the girl to stay out beyond midnight._(2)we dont allow making a noise in the meeting room of the school._(3)i allow the little boy a bike for his birthday present._答案：(1)女孩的父母相当严厉，他们不允许她待在外面超过12点。（2）我们不准有人在学校的会议室里吵闹。（3）我答应给小男孩自行车作为生日礼物。开心一刻a chemist asked for marriage to his girlfriend and said,“i am oxygen atom(氧原子) o,and you are hydrogen atom(氢原子) h.so the combine between us is very steady as water.as you know,water is very beautiful.”the girl-friend asked,“then where is the other h?”3.this encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.这促进了早期贝壳类动物和各种鱼类的生长发育。要点提示:development n. 发展，发育，成长，开发典型例句:there have been many new developments in gene.基因方面已经有几项新的发展。father watched the development of his baby with interest.爸爸充满兴趣地看着孩子的成长。相关链接:with the development of society 随着社会的发展political development政治动态housing development住宅区填空(1)as the new country _ (develop),more and more people live a happy and easy life.(2)america is a _ (develop) country,the average income is very large.(3)in africa,some countries are _ (develop) countries.they are badly need other countries aid.(4)with the _ (develop) of economy,our society still needs the rapid development of civilization.答案：(1)develops(2)developed(3)developing(4)development4.they were the last group of animals and they were different because they produced their young from within their bodies.它们是最为进化的一类动物。从体内生产出幼仔是它们不同与以往动物的特征。要点提示:different adj.不同的，相异的，常与介词from连用。强调different时，使用very, much, quite, entirely,totally等单词。典型例句:they are quite different in their tastes.他们的品位差异很大。my opinion is different from yours.我的意见和你的不同。相关链接:同根的词语:differently adv.不同地;有差别地difference n. 差异；差额；意见不同完成句子(1)my opinion is _ from yours.我的观点与你的观点不同。(2)the people coming from different places all over the world speak english _.来自世界不同地方的人说英语不同。(3)the twin sisters went to _ middle schools.这双胞胎姐妹在不同的中学就读。答案：(1)different(2)differently(3)different5.small clever animals,now with hands and feet,appeared and spread all over the earth.一些小巧聪明，长着手脚的动物出现了，它们散布在地球各个地方。要点提示:spread(spread,spread) vt.使伸展，延伸vi.（消息等）传开，流行典型例句:mum spread a new cloth bought in the supermarket on the table when we had dinner.我们吃饭时妈妈在桌子上铺上一条从超市买来的新桌布。he spread out his arms to welcome us warmly.他张开双臂热情地欢迎我们。the exciting news spread through the school quickly.这激动人心的消息很快传遍了学校。相关链接:spread out 传开spread rumors 散布谣言spread like wildfire 像野火一般传开spread oneself 舒展身体spread the table 铺桌子spread the load 分摊(工作量)阅读阅读时文，体会spread含义(1)foot and mouth disease(口蹄疫) spread is a fast spreading disease.now it has begun its killing on the whole british countryside,forcing the closure of almost everything from country visits to sports events,with all preparing for the worst.(2)fear had spread the nation,indeed the whole world.an unknown deadly virus had infected thousands quickly.there was no cure and the number of cases was rising every day.in the media,sars seemed to be the topic of every headline.in beijing,the streets were empty.few had to go outside with masks covering their mouths.答案：略6.they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去要点提示:prevent sb./sth.(from) doing sth.阻止某人或者某事做某事典型例句:his words cant prevent us from buying books.他的话不会阻止我们买书。the heavy rain prevented us going on,but we didnt lose heart.大雨阻止我们前进，但是我们不灰心丧气。相关链接:另外，与这种结构相似的有stop sb./sth.(from) doing sth.（from可以省略） 和keep sb./sth.from doing sth.（from不可以省略）。lynns parents tried to stop her seeing him.林恩的父母企图阻止她和他见面。you wont keep the things from happening.你不能阻止事情发生。英泽汉(1)nothing would prevent him from speaking out against injustice._答案：什么也不能阻止他鸣不平。(2)please have an apple to keep you going until dinner time._答案：吃个苹果就能挨到吃晚饭了。单项选择（3）the heavy rain _ us visiting the attractive lake,but we didnt _.a.prevented;lose the heartb.prevented;lose heartc.kept;lose the heartd.kept;lose the heart解析:第一分句的意思是:大雨使得我们不能参观那湖水，可以用prevented /kept sb. from doing sth.，第二分句意思是:我们并没有灰心丧气，用lose heart表达。选 b项。答案:b7.whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。要点提示:depend on/upon意思为“依靠，依赖”，常用结构是 depend on sb./ sth.，depend on sb. to do sth.。典型例句:the country depends heavily on its tourist trade.这个国家主要依靠旅游业。the poor man depends his son to earn money.这个穷人依靠他的儿子去赚钱。相关链接:要特别注意depend on it常用于句首或句末，意思为“请放心，没问题”;it all depends和that depends意思为“看情况而定”，二者都用于口语中。例如：depend on it,hell turn up.请放心，他一定会来的。it depends how you tackle the problem.那取决于你如何解决这个问题。完成句子(1)is your father coming tomorrow? _ _ (那要看情况).he may not have the time.(2)we dont know if we can offer help._ _ _ (一切看情况而定).(3)what is your attitude?_ _ _ (请放心).we wont give up.答案：(1)that depends(2)it all depends(3)depend on it脑筋急转弯(1)why is the library the highest building?(2)why is the river very rich?(3)what is the longest word in the world?答案：(1)it has the most stories.（故事，楼层）(2)it has two banks.（岸，银行）(3)smiles（首尾字母相隔一英里）8.they exist everywhere on the earth.他们存在于地球上各个地方。要点提示:exist v.存在;there exist表示“存在/有”，此时exist不用进行时。典型例句:several people believe the devil exists in the world.少数人认为世界上存在恶魔。there exists warmhearted person everywhere.好人到处都有。conference like the earth summit help people understand that there exist serious problems and that there is still time to take action.像地球峰会一样的会议有助于人们明白现存在的严重问题，也明白还有时间来采取行动的。相关链接:there exist表示“存在/有”，是 “there be”句型的延伸，类似的还有:there stand,there lie,there live,there occur。改错(1)it is surprising that a kind of animal is existing in the dry desert.(2)there exist a good way to solve many difficult physics problems.答案：(1)is existingexists(2)existexists幽默son:daddy,i think i must go to see the doctor.my teacher says there is something wrong with my ears.dad:what is the matter?son:things always go into my left ear and out of my right ear in class.9.before we left,li yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey.我们起飞前，李彦平向我解释说，在我们的航行中会有三次重力的改变，要点提示:force n.力，力量;（forces pl.）军队;暴力，武力 典型例句:the force of the explosion broke all the windows in the building.那爆炸将该建筑物的玻璃全部震碎。no man would use force on another in a truly civilized society.在真正的文明社会中，不会有人对他人实施暴力。相关链接:by force of 依据，凭借之力come into force（法律）实施labor force 劳动力the air force空军观察猜想观察下面几个句子中的force意义和词性是否一样(1)the spokesman said that it was quite wrong to solve the dispute by force instead of by peaceful talk.(2)the force of the explosion made all the glass fall into pieces.(3)every president want to use the forces of his country to strength his rule.(4)they forced the qing government to sign the paper.答案：(1)n.武力(2)n. 力(3)n. 军队(4)v.迫使10.i cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.我立刻高兴起来，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着地球越来越小，而月球越来越大。要点提示:cheer up感到高兴，提起精神典型例句:i cheered up the moment i heard the news.一听到消息，我感到高兴。cheer up! we are near the finish line.打起精神，我们临近终点线了。相关链接:cheer v.& n. 欢呼，喝彩，加油;cheer 作“欢呼，喝彩”讲时为不及物动词;作及物动词时，意思为“向欢呼”；作名词时，有“欢呼，喝彩（声）”的意思；cheers！干杯！翻译(1)the singer was cheered by the fans._(2)she heard the cheers of the children,and she knew the performance started._(3)the people waiting on the playground cheered when the leader appeared._答案：(1)歌迷欢呼歌星。(2)她听到了孩子们的欢呼声，她知道演出开始了。(3)当领导出现时，在操场上等待的人们发出欢呼声。11.if you are right,my mass will be less than on the earth because the moon is smaller and i will be able to move more freely.要是你对了，我的质量就会比地球上小，因为月亮比地球小，而我就能更加自由活动了。要点提示:mass n.块，堆;多数，大量（常与of连用）;大小，体积，质量典型例句:she has a mass of things to do.他有一大堆事要干。your mass doesnt change if you are in this room.在这个屋子里你的质量不会发生改变。相关链接:mass communication大众媒体mass meeting群众大会mass production大量生产the mass media大众传媒the masses大众in the mass总体上，大体上完成句子(1)the talented actor played an part in the film which is popular with _ _.这位多才多艺的演员在这部受大众欢迎的电影中担任角色。(2)large _ _ black clouds appeared in the blue sky.一大块一大块的黑云出现在蓝色的天空中。(3) _ _ _,we all need a great deal of information about the economy.大体上，我们都需要大量的有关经济方面的情报。答案：(1)the masses(2)masses of(3)in the mass12.but i step forward i found i was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出好远，步子的跨度竟是地球上的两倍。要点提示:在本句中，用twice as far as表示倍数，符合“倍数+原级”。典型例句:the road is twice as wide as that road.这条路是那条路的两倍宽。相关链接:此类相似结构还有:倍数+比较级;倍数+what;倍数+抽象名词等。例如:what i get is twice more than mr wang.我所得比王先生多两倍。the room is twice the size of my brothers room.这屋子是我哥哥屋子的两倍大。his income is ten times what i get in this area.他的收入是我在这地区收入的10倍。your shirt is twice the size of mine.你的衬衫是我的衬衫两倍大。选择填空(1)how are you getting on with your project?_ your speed.a.twice faster thanb.twice as faster asc.doubled.as twice as解析:单从用于第二句的选项看，b、d两项比较级的表达形式就不对;a项形式虽然对，却不能用来回答问题。其问句意思是:你最近工程进展如何？答:加倍进行。double是动词，意思是“使速度加倍增进”。故选c项。答案:c(2)the house rent is expensive.i have got about half the space i had at home and i am paying _ here.a.as 3 times muchb.as much three timesc.much as 3 timesd.3 times as much解析:本题考查形容词的同级比较，倍数放在比较级之前，3 times as much之后省去了 as i paid at home。故选d项。答案:d13.we watched amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.我们惊奇地看着，随着地球的引力增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。要点提示:break out 战争（火灾等不愉快事情）发生典型例句:several scuffles broke out in the crowd.人群中发生了几场混战。when the fire broke out,many workers had escaped.火灾发生时，很多工人早已逃走了。相关链接:break in 打断，侵入，打岔break up 拆散，打碎break down 分解，不成功，毁坏break into 闯入;破门而入break through 突破（障碍），显现break away from 逃走，从中脱离选词填空break inbreak throughbreak outbreak intobreak away from(1)they kissed,then she _ him and ran out of the room.(2)when they reached the room,they found the room had been _.(3)mother and i had a discussion about how to visit beijing and my elder brother would sometimes _ with a suggestion.(4)we are very sorry to see the civil war _ at last.(5)at 10 oclock in the morning 300 tanks prepared to _ the enemy lines.答案：(1)broke away from(2)broken into(3)break in(4)break out(5)break through二、句型必背 1. what it was to become was a mystery until the dust began to slowly combine into a ball moving around the sun.随后它会变成什么曾经是一个迷，直到最后这团尘埃开始慢慢地合成一个环绕太阳运转的球状物。要点提示:“be+动词不定式”结构在本句中表示“计划，打算”。典型例句:the line is to be opened to traffic on national day.这条铁路将在国庆节通车。the queen is to visit japan next year.女王将于明年访问日本。相关链接:“be+动词不定式”的常见用法还有:(1)表示命令，意为“必须，不得不”(=must,have to)。如：you are to do your homework before you watch tv.你得做完了作业才能看电视。(2)表示可能性，相当于can，主要用于疑问句和否定句。如：how am i to know what has become of him?我怎么知道他的遭遇如何呢？not a sound was to be heard.一点声音也不可能听到。(3)表示假设。如：certain skills must be learned if one is to use english well.如果想要用好英语，某些技巧是必须得学的。(4)表示目的。如：this house is to be let or sold.这房子要出租或出售。(5)表示“命运注定”，通常用于过去时。选择填空(1)in dry weather the flowers will have to be watered if they _.a.have survivedb.are to survivec.would survived.will survive解析:本题考查真实条件句，如果花要活下去的话，就必须浇水。a、c、d三项时态不对，are to survive 并不是真正的将来时态，而是要表示预期、期望。故选b项。答案:b(2)it was the boy,rather than his teachers _ for what the boy had done.a.are to blameb.are to blamedc.is to blamed.is to be blamed解析:rather than his teachers可以看作插入成分，和the boy相对应的应用is to blame，is to be blamed是错误的。答案是c项。答案:c猜测句意(3)if we are to develop the world successfully,we must make sure that everyone is able to take part in the new world we create.(4)she came to power,but she was to pay dearly for it;soon she was killed.答案:(3)如果我们想成功地推动世界的发展，我们必须确保每个人都能加入到我们创造的新世界里来。(4)她得到了权力，但是却也为此付出了昂贵的代价；不久她就被杀了。2.last month i was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend li yanping,an astronomer.我的朋友李彦平是一位宇航员。上个月我有幸得到一个机会同他一道去太空旅行。要点提示:本句中出现“be+adj.+enough+to do”结构。典型例句:it is well known that it is good enough to get enough food before you start.都知道出发前带足食物则是太好了。it is young enough for the boy of five years old to attend school.五岁的孩子就上学，这太早了。相关链接:enough作副词时可以修饰形容词或副词，放在被修饰的形容词、副词之后，再加动词不定式或介词for短语构成句型:be+adj.+enough+to do sth./for sth.意思为“足够干”，也可和形容词一起修饰名词。如：the room is big enough to hold the people who attend church.屋子足够大了，足以容下做礼拜的人们。the text is long enough for reading.课文太耐读了。完成句子(1)a:we had enough food to last a whole month. so you neednt worry about the food supply.b:there was _ food for us _ _ a whole month. so you neednt worry about the food supply.(2)a:this house is big enough for them to live in.b:this house is _ big _ they can live in it.(3)a:the girl is too young to go to school.b:the girl is not _ _ to go to school.答案:(1)enough;to last(2)so;that(3)old enough3.walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.既然引力改变了，走路也的确需要练一练了。要点提示:now that 的意思为“既然，由于”，从属连词，引导原因状语从句或者时间状语从句，在口语中可以省略that。典型例句:now that you have mentioned it,i keep it in mind.既然你提到了，我要装在心里。相关链接:与now that意思相近的有seeing that，since等。since the professors lecture is very instructive,why not go and attend it.既然教授的报告很有教育意义，为什么不去听呢？since you have finished doing homework,you can go out for a rest.既然你已经完成了作业，你可以出去休息一下。seeing that you have enough money,you lend me a lot.鉴于你有足够的钱，你借给我一些。选择填空（1）_ your father have bought a new bike for you,its no use going to the shop to buy another one.a.now thatb.althoughc.after alld.because of解析:本句的意思是:既然你父亲已经为你买了一辆新自行车，就没有必要再买一辆。now that的意思是since。答案是a项。答案:a谜语（2）what is it that adam has none,eve has two and everyone has three?（3）what is it that the dead eat and the living would die if they ate?答案:（2）the letter “e”（3）nothing三、语法解读主语从句在复合句中充当主语的句子叫主语从句。主语从句主要由that,和wh-词引导。1.that引导的主语从句要点提示:（1）that引导的主语从句既可以放在句首，也可以放在句后。但为了保持句子的平衡，常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语放在句子的后面。（2）用it作形式主语的that从句有的已形成固定用法和译法。常见的如下句型:it +be+形容词（过去分词、名词、不及物动词等）+that从句。典型例句:that he survived the accident is a miracle.=it is a miracle that he survived the accident.他在这场事故中幸免于难，真是奇迹。it is natural that she should cry.她大哭是人之常情。it is a great pity that you cant help us.你不能帮助我们真是非常的遗憾。it is reported that the number of wild animals in africa is decreasing.据报道非洲野生动物的数量正在减少。it occurred to me that i would travel to europe.我突然感到想要去欧洲旅行。相关链接:th