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大葱切根装置设计[三维PROE]【全套CAD图纸+WORD毕业论文】【农业机械资料】

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三维PROE
123_screw10.prt.1
chengpin.prt.1
chilun.prt.1
chilun1.prt.1
chilun2.prt.1
chilun3.prt.1
config.win.1
dao.asm.2
dao_01.prt.4
dao_02.prt.2
dao_3.prt.1
dao_4.prt.1
dingwei.asm.1
dingwei_1.prt.1
dingwei_3.prt.1
dingwei_4.prt.1
dingwei_5.prt.2
dingwei_6.prt.1
dongwei_2.prt.2
lianzhouqi.prt.1
lianzhouqi1.asm.1
proe垃圾文件清理程序.bat
prt0001.prt.1
trail.txt.1
vc_screw10.prt.3
xiangti.asm.3
xiangti_1.prt.1
xiangti_2.prt.1
xiangti_3.prt.2
yajin.asm.1
yajin.prt.1
yajin_1.prt.2
yajin_3.prt.3
yajin_4.prt.1
yajin_5.prt.1
zhou1.prt.1
zhou2.prt.1
zhou3.prt.1
zhou4.prt.1
zhou5.prt.2
zhou6.prt.1
zhuichilun.prt.1
传动线路图.dwg
切割部分.dwg
切割部分结构图.dwg
切根装置总装配图.dwg
压紧部分结构图.dwg
处理板.dwg
箱体.dwg
联轴器.dwg
轴1.dwg
轴2.dwg
轴3.dwg
轴4.dwg
轴5.dwg
轴6.dwg
锥齿轮.dwg
齿轮.dwg
齿轮1.dwg
齿轮2.dwg
齿轮3.dwg
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大葱 装置 设计 三维 proe 全套 cad 图纸 word 毕业论文 农业机械 资料
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目录

中文摘要………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ

Abstract

第1章 绪论1

1.1  我国蔬菜的生产现状1

1.2  大葱生物特性与加工标准2

1.3  国内外的研究现状3

1.4  研究内容3

第2章  大葱切根装置的设计5

2.1  动力部分5

2.2  传动部分的设计5

2.3  传送部分的设计9

2.4  定位部分的设计10

2.5 压紧部分的设计10

2.6  切割部分的设计11

2.7 成品大葱的放置以及残根的处理12

2.8 支架12

第3章 结论13

参考文献14

致谢15


摘要

大葱是我国的主要出口蔬菜之一。本文在总结国内外相关资料的基础上,对大葱切根装置的工作原理及各部分结构进行了详细地设计。该装置采用针定位,成功解决了切割过程中大葱容易跑偏的问题,设计合理,结构简单,对提高大葱的附加值,促进大葱的出口,提高我国大葱产后加工的机械化水平具有重要意义。

关键词:大葱 大葱切根装置 针定位 切割



ABSTRACT

The scallion is one of main export vegetables in our country. Based on the summary of references, the principles and structure of the cutting roots equipment of scallion are thoroughly designed in this paper.  The cutting roots equipment of scallion has solved the problem of scallion’s removing irregularly while it is being cut by using the needle-locating implement .The design is reasonable and the structure is simple. The cutting roots implement of scallion plays an important role to increase the mechanization level of scallion’s after-production processing and expand export.

Key words: scallion;the cutting roots equipment of scallion; needle-location;cutting


第1章  绪论

1.1  我国蔬菜的生产现状

我国是农业大国,有着几千年的农业发展历史。历史上,我国曾在各项农业生产技术上处于领先地位,勤劳的中国民发明了各种各样的农具。但是到了近代,由于社会发展滞后,导致我国农业技术发展停滞不前,闭关锁国政策又使我们未能及时引进国外的先进技术,在国外已经普遍使用机械时,我国农民依然进行着繁重的体力劳动。新中国成立后,我国的领导人提出要尽快实现农业机械化,但是由于种种原因,中国只有、黑龙江等地的大农场基本实现了机械化生产,而其它大部分地区由于受各种因素的制约,仍未能实现农业生产的机械化。

众所周知,我国用占世界7%的耕地养活着占世界22%的人口,人多地少,而且我国有相当多地方仍然依靠人畜力劳动,劳动生产率低,不能形成大规模生产。因此,我国要想在农业方面获得更大的成就,必须根据自己的国情,发展有自己特色的农业生产。

近年来,我国的蔬菜和水果的生产逐渐展现出广阔的发展前景。目前,我国蔬菜生产发展迅速,尤其是沿海地区,依托有利的地理条件,大规模发展蔬菜生产,不但满足我国居民消费外,还大量出口国外,是目前出口增长最为迅速的农产品这之一。在一些地区,蔬菜的生产加工和出口贸易已经成为支柱产业,实现了专业化、规范化、优质化经营发展,形成了种加销、贸工农于一体的新的生产格局,除了满足我国居民消费外,出口蔬菜已经成为重要的创汇农产品。而且我国生产的蔬菜在国际市场上有一定的竞争优势,出口蔬菜已成为一些地区增加农民收入、出口创汇和发展农村经济的一条重要途径,越来越显示出它强大的生命力。

但是,目前我国蔬菜生产加工依然主要依靠人力,机械化程度极低,在国际上的竞争优势主要源自于低廉的劳动力。这种优势将随着中国加入WTO以及中国人民生活质量的提高化为乌有。这不符合长久发展的利益,要使我国蔬菜继续在国际市场上保持竞争优势,一是要提高本身的品质,二是要降低生产成本。提高蔬菜生产加工的机械化水平是解决问题的最佳途径。

由于我国蔬菜生产在以前很长的时间里,都是小规模生产,主要是自产自销,所以蔬菜的加工几乎全部是手工完成。现在,随着改革开放的深入,一些地区逐渐出现了大规模的蔬菜生产基地,而且大部分蔬菜将出口国外。以前完全依靠人工的作业方法已经不能适应现在的生产了。这就要求我们必须发展适合于我国生产力状况的蔬菜生产加工机械。尤其是蔬菜的加工机械,因为要想在国际市场上取得竞争优势,必须采用统一规范的加工,创品牌,开拓市场。

大葱在我国出口创汇蔬菜中,占有很重要的位置。大葱原产于我国西部及中亚、西亚地区。约在公元1000多年即成为我国栽培食用蔬菜。在世界上,我国是栽培大葱的主要国家之一。大葱可以周年供应,产量高,栽培容易,病虫害少,既耐贮藏又耐运输。它在一般气候、土壤条件下均能生长良好,它是一种很受欢迎的蔬菜和重要的调味品,在国内外都很受欢迎。目前,我国大葱主要销往日本和欧美国家,部分销往港澳地区,日本国内年产54万吨,近年来从中国进中数量剧增。大葱由外贸加工企业收购后,进行保鲜或加工后运销海外。


内容简介:
Agricultural Information Technology in Asia and Oceania 1998 193 - 193 1998 by The Asian Federation for Information Technology in Agriculture- 193 -AbstractAutomation techniques inagricultural field had been developedrapidly. But, the techniques do not stillreached a level of factory automation.There are several problems inagriculture field. For example,agricultural operations are morecomplicate than industrial one. Sinceshapes of each organs are different fromeach other, image sensors andrecognition systems are required to getfruits position well.Until now, 2- and 3-dimentionalimage sensor, image recognition andshape modeling have been investigated.In our laboratory, a 3-dimentional visualsensor system was developed torecognize direction of strawberry fruit.This system is composed of three units.(1) a CCD camera for detecting the fruitsbased on the color image, (2) a rangefinder unit for recognizing direction offruits and measuring the distance and (3)computers for analyzing 2D- and 3D-data. This systemfinds out the 3D coordinates of fruit based on therecognizing data. Using the 3-dimentional visualsensor system, it is found that the shapes of the fruitsselected can be successfully recognized.To support the movement of gantry system, databaseconsidering daily changes in the fruits growth has beenconstructed. This database contains ripening fruits,unripe fruits, harvested fruits, fruit shape, color and 3Dcoordinates, and therefor can perform shipmentprediction.Thus, a database developed here enable us to make aplan for harvesting fruits by robot, and would be effectiveto increase the efficiency operations efficiency ofharvesting.* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax.: + 81-89-947 - 8748 ;E-mail: KenjiHATOUagr.ehime-u.ac.jpIntroductionIn greenhouse production, computer support systemsare introducing to control environmental conditions forautomations. Furthermore , many robots were studiedfor automation in the agricultural field. Harvestingrobots have been studied in particular . For theautomatic robot control, the recognizing system for thepositions of fruits and flowers is important. In theprevious paper, we made robot sensor system. But,previous system could not recognize very small fruitswhich colors were white and green. In this paper, wemade flowers and fruits database to find out these smallfruits. And we made recognition system for flowersand small fruits.Strawberry Cultivating SystemFigure 1 shows a 3-dimentional visual sensor systemon a gantry system. This system is composed of CCDcamera for input colors and 2-dimentional image data,range finder for input z-axis data and a work stage for toHarvesting Support Database based on Image RecognitionKenji Hatou*1), H. Matsuura2) and Y. Hashimoto1)1) Dept. of Biomechanical Systems, Ehime University, 790-8566, Japan2) Sikoku Research Institute Inc., Yashima- nishi 2109 8, Takamatsu, 761 0192, JapanCCD cameraRailGantryWheelWork stageTopviewSideviewRange finderX-axisY-axisZ-axisFigure 1 Gantry system and 3-dimentional visual sensor system.ntsHatou, et. al.- 194 -move on y-axis. The gantry system can move on therails (x-axis). The unit for image processing on thegantry system is a work stage in figure 2.Figure 2 shows a strawberry field. There are threeridges covered with mulching seats and a gantry systemmoving on the rails. These ridges are separated to total27 work stages for image processing. This unitmoves by turns on these ridges.The strawberries are planted as shown in figure1. Fruits and flowers are in center of ridges, andleafs are at near furrows side. Thus, unit ofimage processing can separate flowers and fruitsfrom 2-dimentional image data easily.Database for Harvesting SupportIn figure 3, left side block shows i mageprocessing system. This system is composed ofthree units. (1) a CCD camera for detecting thefruits based on the color image, (2) a range finderunit for recognizing direction of fruits andmeasuring the distance and (3) computers foranalyzing 2D- and 3D-data and controlling x-yrobot and range finder . This system finds out the3D coordinates of fruit based on the recognizingdata.In figure 3, right side block shows databasesystem for harvest support. This system storesdate, numbers and position of flowers and fluits.It is defficult to detect green unripe fruits fromleafs and stems based on color detection program,because of these are same color. Then, thisestimation unit use flowers data, we can to detect greenunripe fruits easily.Image Processing MethodFigure 3 Image processing system and database system for harvest support.Figure 2 Ridges and gantry system in the strawberry fieldComputer roomPlant factoryHarvestestimation unitColor CCD camera Range finderRobot controland imageprocessing unitX-y robotDatabaseDateLabel and position1. Flower2. Unripe fruit (green)3. Unripe fruit (white)4. Mature fruitLANGantryRidgeRail Work stagentsHatou, et. al.- 195 -The databese is composed of four stage data areflower, green unripe fruit, white unripe fruit or maturefluit. These stages are desided by color conditionsbased on HSI ( hue, saturation, intensity ) data. Figure 4shows relationship of H SI color space and color solid.1. Frowers detection230 I 255 (1)0 S 0.05 (2)If equation (1) and (2) are satisfied then this point isfrower.2. Green unripe fruitsH = 120 o (3)When this point was flower and not white unripe fruit, ifequation (3) is satisfied then this point is green unripefruits.3. White unripe fruits230 I 255 (4)15 o H 50 o (5)When this point was green unripe fruit, if equation (4)and (5) are satisfied then this point is white unripe fruits.4. Mature fruits0 o H 15 o (6)When this point was white unripe fruit, if equation (6) issatisfied then this point is mature unripe fruits.Result and DiscussionWe can detect flowers and fruits data and stored intodatabase. The database developed here enable us tomake a plan for harvesting fruits, and would be effectiveto increase the efficiency operations efficiency ofharvesting.References1) H. Matsuura, K. Hatou, J. Yamashita and Y.Hashimoto: Recognition by robot visual sensor basedon sensor fusion -Fuse range image and 2-dimentional image- , Journal of SHITA: 9 (2):132138 (1997).2) K. Hatou, H. Matsuura, T. Sugiyama and Y.Hashimoto: Range Image Analysis for theGreenhouse Automation in Intelligent Plant Factory,Preprints of the 13th IFAC World Congress (B) :459 464 (1996) .3) T. Morimoto, K. Hatou and Y. Hashimoto:Intelligent control for plant production system ,Control Eng. Practice 4(6): 773-784 (1996).4) Susumu Tachi
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