分词作定语.doc

分词作定语分词作定语时有下面几个特点：1)现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含意。2)现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。He rushed into the burning house他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。The child standing over there is my brother站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。The room facing south is our classroom朝南的房间是我们的教室。Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那个修好的表了吗?He is an advanced teacher他是个先进教师。下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语，但不具有被动意义，这点要注意：departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come分词作定语时的时间关系一般来说，不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如：Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing?你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office?你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗？分词作状语的区别（1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。He went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。2)分词作状语放在句子开头，除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的以外，还表示结果或原因。Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch由于在专心读书，他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因)Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间)Reading carefully，youll learn something new只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。(条件)作宾补时，如果动词和宾语之间是主动关系，用现在分词； 如果是被动关系或者表示状态，用过去分词we left him crying outside the gate. we found his hands tied behind his back. we found the world outside changed. 状态共同点：单个分词做定语放在所修饰名词前(a swimming pool)；分词短语（就是不仅仅由一个分词构成的用来修饰名词的短语the book written by Luxun）做后置定语，即放名词后。用过去分词还是现在分词做定语的判断关键：名词与该动作的关系1. 现在分词(Ving)做定语：从功能上看，现在分词做定语表示 1）主动（及物）；2）进行（不及物）。做定语：相当于一个定语从句 (主动) Do you know the boy standing at the door? Do you know the boy who is standing at the door? A developing country needs aids. A country that/which is developing needs aids.They lived in a house facing the south They lived in a house that faced the south.The man wearing a red tie is our head. The man who wears a red tie(戴红领带) is our head.The workers working in the factory are well-paid. The workers who are working in the factory are well-paid. 在这家工厂工作的工人报酬很好2过去分词(p.p)做定语 从功能上看，过去分词做定语表示1）被动（及物）；2）完成（不及物）。做定语：相当于一个定语从句（被动），有时侯也表示完成的The broken window was repaired this morning.The window broken yesterday was.The window that/which was broken yesterday was.昨天被打破的玻璃今早被修好了The sold hamburgers are not to my taste.The hamburgers sold in this chain are not to.这家连锁店卖的汉堡不适合我的口味The hamburgers that/which are sold in this chain are not to. The arrived guests will be led in.（此过去分词表示完成）The guests arrived just now will.刚到的客人将会被带进来The guests who arrived just now will be.The book that was written by Wang sells well. The book written by Wang sells well.The tie that is worn by our head is made in Shanghai. The tie worn by our head is made in SHThe shoes (that were) made in a small factory are of bad quality.小厂产的鞋子质量差反之，一个定语从句可以转化为分词做定语的结构The man I introduced to you yesterday had just returned from Japan.The man introduced to you by me yesterday had just昨天我给你介绍的那人刚从日本回来 He is a man who is loved by all. He is a man loved by all. 他是个大家所热爱的人The lea