高中英语必修一 Unit 4复习.doc

A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEPStrange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei.For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. At about 3:00 am on July 28, 1976, some people saw bright lights in the sky. The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst,but the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end! Eleven kilometers directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20th century had begun. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away. One-third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals. Steam burst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. The suffering of the people was extreme. Two-thirds of them died or were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.But how could the survivors believe it was natural?Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.All of the citys hospitals, 75%of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.No wind,however,could blow them away.Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling.The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel.Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again.Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead.Sand now filled the wells instead of water.People were shocked.Then,later that afternoon,another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.More buildings fell down.Water,food,and electricity were hard to get.people begab to wonder how long the disaster would last.All hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers.Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.To the north of the city,most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.Fresh water was taken to the city by train,truck and plane.Slowly,the city began to breathe again. Congratulations!We are pleased to tell you that you have won the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan. Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year. Your parents and your school should be very proud of you!Next month the city will open a new park to honour those who died in the terrible disaster. The park will also honour those who helped the survivors. Our office would like to have you speak to the park vistors on July 28 at 11:00 am. As you know,this is the day the quake happened thirty-_years ago.We invite you to bring your family and friends on that special day.1.He is ill,you should call in the doctor right away. The police will be here right away.right away=at once=in no time立刻，马上 right now现在，此刻，立刻 When he asked me if I was willing to go there,I didnt answer .A.far away B.at present C.just now D.right away2.burst out/into突然迸发，但into后接名词，out后接动名词。The poor girl burst out crying when she heard the bad news.Hearing the news,all the children burst out laughing.(1)At the sound of her boyfriends amusing remarks,she .A.burst into laughing B.burst out into laughing C.burst out laughter D.burst into laughter(2)On seeing Jay Chou appear on the stage,the audience cheering.A.burst on B.burst into C.burst in D.burst out(3)The sad mother crying when the reporter asked about her sons death.A.set out B.broke out C.gave out D.burst out3.destroy表示严重毁坏某物，使之不复存在或无法修复； damage表示损坏后价值或效益会降低，这种顺坏是部分的； ruin (动)毁坏,毁灭 (名)废墟,灭亡 指某物毁坏到不能再使用的程度； ruindestroydamage in ruins严重受损,破败不堪 fall into ruins成为废墟A large number of buildings fell into ruin after the earthquake.Heavy smoking ruins your health,so you should give up smoking.(1)The 12 million people in Mexico City woke up on September 19th,1985,to find their city after the terrible quake.A.in trouble B.in ruins C.out of work D.at midnight(2)There is an interesting old at the top of the hill.A.ruin B.ruins C.damage D.destroy4.分数的表示分子在前，分母在后；分子用基数词，分母用序数词；当分子大于1时，分母要加s.分数/百分数+of+名词 作主语时，谓语的单复数由of后面的名词来决定。some of,plenty of,a lot of,lots of,the rest of,all of,half of,part ofA lot of money has been wasted for no reason.More than 70% of the surface of the earth is civered by water.Part of the story he told was not true.5.shock 使震惊 震动 休克be shocked at (doing)sth be shocked to do sth由于(做)某事而震惊It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children.The sudden death of the boy shocked everyone present at the meeting.All the people present at the meeting felt at the decision announced by the manager.A.shocked,shocking B.shocking,shocked C. shocked,shocked D. shocking,shocking6.injure多指在意外事故中受伤 hurt可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、情感上的伤害； wound指枪伤、刀伤等皮肉之伤，尤指战场上所受的伤 harm一般指伤害到有生命的东西，常指人的健康、权利、事业His left leg was injured in an accident. I dont want to hurt your feelings.The soldier was wounded badly. Smoking seriously harmed his health.Im sorry if I your feelings.The boy his leg in the accident.Reading in the sun will your eyes.I received his mothers phone call at ten.Only then did I know that he was badly in an accident the day before yesterday. Five passengers were in the traffic accident and they have all been taken to the nearest hospital. The accident caused some to my car,but its nothing serious. The farmer never expected that the illness could his life.7.rescuefrom把从中营救出来 rescue援助，救助，营救 save救助，拯救We rescued him form the enemys camp.He dived into the water to rescue the boy.(1)A group of soldiers with water and food were sent to the farmers trapped in the cave.A.view B.orgnize C.rescue D.catch(2)The lifeboat was sent out to the sailors from the sinking ship.A.protect B.keep C.rescue D.prevent(3)Soon after the quake,one thousand soldiers were sent out to the miners from the local coal mine.A.shelter B.bury C.rescue D.injure(4)Thank you so much.You me from the difficult situation.A.remember B.recover C.rescue D.review8.bury 埋葬，掩埋，隐藏They helped the child bury his father.The paper was buried under a pile of books.be buried in bury oneself in埋头于，专心于 bury ones head in ones hand用手捂住头Buried in his work,he didnt know when it began to rain.She buried her face in her hand and wept.(1)The scientist knew nothing about the matter,because he was always himself in his studies.A.burying B.devoting C.focusing D.concentrating9.shelter (名)掩蔽处，藏身处 (动)保护，掩蔽 shelter sb from保护某人不受 take shelter from躲避They found shelter from the storm in a barn.(1)What I can say is that he may spoil his son,for he is aways trying to shelter him being scolded.A.from B.off C.to D.out(2)In the storm,I took under a small shelter.A.cover B.shelter C.hide D.shade10.He was buried under the building and had to be dug out.dig out掘出，发现 dig down 挖倒 dig up挖出，崛起 (1)After the old wall,the explorers found something new.A.digging into B.digging out C.digging up D.digging down(2)The soldiers were trying to a young man who was buried under the ruins.A.dig down B.dig out C.be dug out D.be dug down11.think little of 对不屑一顾；对评价不高 think much/highly/well of对高度评价 speak highly/well of对高度赞扬 sing high praise for对高度赞扬Dont the small mistakes you have made,or youll make the same mistakes again,even fail the exam.A.think much of B.think little of C.sing high praise for D. speak well of12.at the end of在的末尾/尽头 by the end of在/到末为止，与完成时态连用 in the end=at last=finally最后，终于 at an end结束，终结The meeting was nearly at the end when I got to the meeting room.By the end of this week,I will have finished most of the work.By the end of last term they had learned 2000 words.We succeeded in passing the exam in the end.(1)“Wash your hands with soap the experiment.”the teacher said to his students.A.in the end of B.in the end C.to the end D.at the end of(2)We had planted three thousand trees the end of March.A.by B.in C.at D.to(3)The couple flew to Italy for a week of holiday of last month.A.in the end B.on the end C.at the end D.by the end13.a large/great/good number of a great/good many a good few/quite a few+可数名词复数a great/good deal of a great /large amount of quite a little+不可数名词a lot of lots of a great/large quantity of plenty of+可数名词复数/不可数名词拓展:the number of (的数量)作主语时，谓语用单数形式； a number of(许多) 作主语时，谓语用复数形式；A great number of new factories have been set up in my hometown.A number of people were killed in the earthquake.We dont know exactly the number of them.(1)Nowadays,a large number of women,especially those from the countryside, in the clothing industry.A.is working B.works C.work D.worked(2) As you can see,the number of cars on our roads rising these days.A.was keeping B.keep C.keeps D.were keeping14.as if/though(仿佛，好像)引导表语从句。as if/though引导从句时，其主句的谓语动词多为look,seem,taste,smell,sound;若从句所述的是真实的、极有可能发生或存在的事实时，从句要用陈述语气；若从句所述的是不真实的、极少可能发生或存在的事实时，从句要用虚拟语气：若从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；若从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用had+V过去分词；若从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用would/should/could/might+V原；Look at the clouds in the sky!It looks as if it is going to rain.The woman loves the children as if she were their mother.He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.He opened his mouth as if he would say something.He kept working as if nothing had happened.You treat them as if they were your parents.(1)It looks he is not so healthy as he used to be.A.right away B.ever since C.even if D.as if(2)Though the girl had been suffering from the blood disease,she acted as if nothing to her while facing her relatives and friends.A.happened B.happens C.had happened D.happens(3)The young nurse always talks to the patients as if they children.A.were B.are C.be D.had been15.be afraid/frightened of sb/sth害怕某人/物 be frightened at受到的惊吓 frighten sb into/out of doing sth恐吓某人做/不做某事 be frightened to do sth害怕做某事The frightening news made all of them frightened to death.The frightened child cant help shaking with fear.They frightened the old lady into signing the paper.(1)She was very to look down from the top floor of the building.A.frightened B.frightening C.to frighten D.frighten(2)The lawyer frightened the old lady the paper.A.to sign B.sign C.into signing D.signed(3)When the man with a scar came into the cafe I noticed a look come over the waitresss face although she did not say anything.A.surprise B.surprising C.sueprised D.surprisingly16.be proud of=take pride in= pride themselves upon因而自豪 proud形容词 pride名词&动词 hurt ones pride伤某人的自尊心 the pride of 的骄傲 Youd better not hurt his . He is of his parents.A.proud,a pride B.pride,a pride C.proud,the pride D.pride,the pride语法：定语从句(一)基本概念：先行词、关系代(副)词、关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as；关系副词有when,where,why。关系词通常有下列三个作用:A.引导定语从句；B.代替先行词；C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.(二)关系词的用法关系词指代对象在从句中担当句子成分who先行词指人在从句中作主语/宾语whom先行词指人在从句中作宾语whose先行词指人/物在从句中作定语that先行词指人/物在从句中作主语/宾语which先行词指物在从句中作主语/宾语when先行词指时间在从句中作状语why先行词指原因在从句中作状语where先行词指地点在从句中作状语1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.Thosewhowanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.2.whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。MrLiuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.Theprofessor(whom)youarewaitingforhascome.注意:关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替,也可省略。Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend. 3.Which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.Thefactorywhichmakescomputersisfarawayfromhere.Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters. Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.4.that指人时,相当于who或whom；指物时,相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/whichcamefromAustralia.5.Whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.6.when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded. 7.where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofcowswereraised.8.why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous.注意:关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。Fromtheyearswhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoprimaryschoolinthecountryhehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewup.Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichtheylive.Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear. (三)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtenniswithyesterday.Wellgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/who/that)wehaveoftentalkedabout.Wellgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时只可用whom,不可用who,that；关系代词指物时只可用which,不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。(四)限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 形式上：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语,如删除,主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。译法上：译成先行词的定语：“的”关系词的使用上：A.作宾语时可省略 B.可用that C.可用who代替whom非限制性定语从句形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明,如删除,主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。关系词的使用上：A.不可省略 B.不用that C.不可用who代替whomTheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon. Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.LastsummerIvisitedthePeoplesGreatHall,inwhichmanyimportantmeetingsareheldeveryyear.(五)限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing(something除外),all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时,或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。Hestayedinthelibraryandlookedupanyinformationthattheyneeded.2.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.3.当先行词被thevery,theonly修饰时。ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.这正是我要买的词典。Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowns.4.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?5.当先行词既有人又有物时。Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool.Lookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet.6.主句是there be结构时，修饰其主句的定语从句用that引导。There is a table in the corner that is folded away.(六)限制性定语从句中只能用which引导定语从句的情况1.当关系代词前有介词时 This is the house in which he once lived.2.引导非限定性定语从句 Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.3.一个句子有两个定语从句，为了避免重复，一个用that,另一个用whichHe bought an American magazine that could give him so much English knowledge and which could help him kill time.4.当先行词本身是that时 The clock is that which tells the time.定语从句做题四步分析法：一看指人还是指物 二看介词在何处 三看在从句中作什么成分 四看是否属特殊(1)Oct 1st, is our National Day,is always celebrated with singing and dancing.A.as B.that C.when D.which(2)In fact the students did not understand the three questions were asked in French.A.where B.who C.whose D.which(3)In this accident,the number of people died reached 25.A.where B.who C.whose D.whom(4)That tree, branches are almost bare,is a very old one.A.that B.who C.whose D.which(5)Bears often hide themselves in places cant be found by hunters.A.what B.that C.where D.in which(6)Mo Yan became the first Chinese Nobel Prize winner in Literature, left school to make a living at the age of 12.A.as B.who C.that D.which(7)September 18,1931 is the day well never forget.A.that B.when C.on which D.on that(8)I still remember the pig farm we visited three months ago.A.that B.when C.in wh