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托盘烟垛升降移栽机的设计

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关键词：: 托盘升降移栽设计

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概述3

第一章概述5

1.1物流知识5

1.1.1物流的定义5

1.1.2物流系统的组成5

1.1.3常用输送机构及功能6

1.2托盘烟垛升降移栽机7

1.2.1升降移载机的分类与特点7

1.2.2 应用情况8

第二章升降移栽机的总体设计方案8

2.1托盘烟垛升降移载机的工作原理8

2.1.1托盘烟垛升降移载机升降机构的工作原理8

2.1.2托盘烟垛升降移载机中转机构的设计和工作原理9

第三章动力系统的设计与计算12

3.1.1电动机功率的选择12

3.1.2移栽机构链轮链条的设计计算13

3.2.1液压缸的选择15

3.2.2推力杆的校核18

第四章轴的设计计算20

4.1.1最小直径20

4.1.2轴上各零件的布置方案20

4.1.3轴的校核21

4.2.1长轴的分布方案23

4.2.2长轴的校核23

第五章轴承的选取与寿命的计算24

链轮轴轴承的校核24

第六章总结25

参考文献26

概述

物流机械设备不仅是现代化企业的主要作业工具之一，也是合理组织批量生产和机械化流水作业的基础。对第三方物流企业来说，物流设备还是组织物流活动的物质技术基础，它体现着一个企业物流能力的大小。物流设备是物流系统中的物质基础。伴随着物流的发展与进步，物流设备也不断的得到提升与发展。物流设备领域中许多新的设备不断涌现，例如托盘叠盘机、托盘拆盘机、四向托盘、高架叉车、自动分拣机、自动引导搬运车(AGV)、集装箱、升降移栽机等等。它们的出现不但极大的减轻了人们的劳动强度和降低了物流成本，而且提高了物流运作效率和服务质量。因此，它们对物流的快速发展起着重要作用。

关键词：物流机械托盘升降移栽机

ABSTRACT

Logistics equipment is not only the modernization enterprise's main operation tools, and also one of reasonable organization batch production and mechanization flow operation foundation. For the third party logistics enterprise that, logistics equipment or organization logistics activity material and technical basis, it reflects the a enterprise logistics capability of size. Logistics equipment is logistics system of material base. With the development and progress of logistics, logistics equipment also constantly get promoted and development. Logistics equipment in the field of many new equipment constantly emerging, such as tray fold plate machine, tray open offer machine, four to tray, elevated forklift, Automatic sorting machine, Automated guided transport vehicles(AGV), container， Lifting transplanting machine and so on. These appeared not only greatly reduce the labor intensity of the people and reduces the logistics cost, but also improve the logistics operation efficiency and quality. Therefore, the rapid development of their logistics plays an important role.

Key words：Logistics equipment ；Tray Stacked ；Lifting transplanting machine

1.2托盘烟垛升降移栽机

1.2.1升降移载机的分类与特点

升降移栽机机是用于设备及楼层之间的传送装置，广泛用于家电，食品，医药等行业的垂直输送工作。主要型式有托盘式升降机SZ和SC型。在不同的线体之间实现快速而平稳的传递。

SZ托盘式升降移载机是一种自动、连续垂直输送设备，具有输送率高、运行平稳、安全可靠、节能省工的特点。由于托盘式升降机具备自动、连续、垂直输送的特点，在电气控制上要求非常严格。

SC型升降移载机是一种靠齿轮条传动的电梯，主要用于建筑施工的人、货运输。以非常方便的进行安装和拆卸，并可以随着建筑物的增高而增高，及可靠的电器和机械安全系统,是建筑施工中安全高效的垂直运输设备。

1.2.2 应用情况

托盘烟垛升降移载机主要应用于以标准托盘存取的集装化单元货物和货物体积、质量较大的场合。目前广泛应用于烟草行业，烟草行业也是物流系统应用最广泛和技术最成熟的行业。烟草行业货物的转移中转都必须依赖升降移载机。升降移载机的应用不但使货物的存取方便快捷，为烟草行业的迅速发展提供了技术保障。

2.1托盘烟垛升降移载机的工作原理

2.1.1托盘烟垛升降移载机升降机构的工作原理

下图所示为有液压缸和杆机构组成的升降机构，如图所示杆机构与上面的移动箱体组成平行四边形在液压缸的带动下左右运动，来实现移动箱体的上下移动，起到货物中转的作用。

图2.1.1

2.1.2托盘烟垛升降移载机中转机构的设计和工作原理

　　1. 链传动的合理布置

　　在链传动中，两链轮的转动平面应在同一平面内，两轴线必须平行，最好成水平布置如图 a ，如需倾斜布置时，两链轮中心连线与水平线的夹角 j应小于 45 ° ，如图 b 。同时链传动应使紧边（即主动边）在上，松边在下，以便链节和链轮轮齿可以顺利地进入和退出啮合。如果松边在上，可能会因松边垂度过大而出现链条与轮齿的干扰，甚至会引起松边与紧边的碰撞。

图2.1.2

　　2. 链传动的张紧

　　为防止链条垂度过大造成啮合不良和松边的颤动，需用张紧装置。如中心距可以调节时，可用调节中心距来控制张紧程度；如中心距不可调节时，可用张紧轮。张紧轮应安装在链条松边靠近小链轮处，放在链条内、外侧均可，分别如图 c 、 d 所示。张紧轮可以是链轮，也可以是无齿的滚轮

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移栽机机体

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内容简介：: 山东轻工业学院毕业设计（论文）中期进展报告表学院机械工程学院专业班级机械 08-3 班学生姓名王章坤学号 200801011126 导师姓名范维华设计（论文）题目托盘烟垛升降移载机的设计根据设计要求和升降移栽机性能参数，在老师的指导下，前段时间主要完成了开题报告、英文翻译、实习报告的工作，并查阅相关的资料，拟定了设计方案。初步完成了升降移栽机中动力装置的选择，传动轴的设计，及其装配图。电动机的选择主要根据烟草托盘所承载货物的重量来估计，计算出传动链轮的牵引力。根据牵引力和设计要求的水平行走速度初步计算出电机功率。然后，根据各级传动机构的效率来确定电动机功率。电机输出的功率通过链轮，链轮通过链条将电动机功率输出来带动链条运动，完成货物的转移。链传动的设计参考了机械设计手册，根据电机输出转速以及传递功率计算出链轮的一系列参数。完成了电动机功率输出轴的设计，实现了链轮的定位，并对轴进行了应力校合。应力校合根据第三强度理论，对弯扭组合变形进行应力计算。完成了升降部分液压缸的选择，以及推力杆的设计与校核。在设计过程中，自己遇到的问题在老师和同学的帮助下，基本上都得到了解决。在以后的设计中将继续查阅相关资料，参考现有的设施对装配图进行优化。同时绘制零件图。根据设计要求，在老师的指导下，顺利完成各项工作。 2012 年 05 月 22 日 nts 指导教师评价意见 1设计（论文）进展情况评价（基本完成计划、部分完成计划、没有完成计划） 2学生工作态度情况评价（认真、一般、较差） 3已完成设计（论文）质量评价（较好、一般、较差） 4设计（论文）不足之处及改进意见指导教师签字：年月日注：每名学生填写一份，并由指导教师填写意见、签字后，返还学生归档。 nts The development trend of the numerical control technology The engineering level of equipment industry and modernized intensity are determining the level of the whole national economy and modernized intensity , numerical control technology and equip , develop new developing new high-tech industry and most advanced industry To can make technology and basic equipment most (national defense industry industries , such as information technology and their industry , biotechnology , industry , aviation , spaceflight ,etc. ). Marx has ever said the differences of different economic times, do not lie in what is produced, lie in how produce, with what means of labor produce . Manufacturing technology and equipping the most basic means of production that are that the mankind produced the activity, and numerical control technology to equip most central technology. Nowadays the manufacturing industry all around the world adopts the technology of numerical control extensively; in order to improve manufacturing capacity and level, improve the adaptive capacity and competitive power to the changeable market of the trends. In addition every industrially developed country in the world also classifies the technology and numerical control equipment of numerical control as the strategic materials of the country, not merely take the great measure to develop ones own numerical control technology and industry, and implement blockading and restrictive policy to our country in high-grade, precision and advanced key technology and equipment of numerical control. In a word, develop taking technology of numerical control as the core advanced manufacturing technology become world all developed country; accelerate economic development already in a more cost-effective manner, important route to improve the comprehensive national strength and national position. Numerical control technology to go on technology that control with digital information to mechanical movement and working course, numerical control equipment whether represented by technology of numerical control new technology make industry and new developing infiltration electromechanics integrated product that form of manufacturing industry to tradition, i.e. what is called digitization equip, its technological range covers a lot of fields: (1)Mechanical manufacturing technology; (2)Information processing , processing , transmission technology; (3)Automatic control technology; (4)Servo drive technology; (5)Transducer technology; (6)Software engineering ,etc. 1 Development trend of a numerical control technology The application of the technology of numerical control has not only brought the revolutionary change to traditional manufacturing industry, make the manufacturing industry become the industrialized symbol , and with the constant development of the technology of numerical control and enlargement of application, the development of he some important trades (IT , car , light industry , medical treatment ,etc. ) to the national economy and the peoples livelihood plays a more and more important role, because these trade necessary digitization that equipped has already been the main trend of modern development. According to the technology of numerical control and equipment development trend in the world at present, its main research focus has the following several respect 14. nts 1.1 A high-speed , high finish machining technology and new trend equipped Efficiency, quality are subjects of the advanced manufacturing technology. At a high speed, high finish machining technology can raise the efficiency greatly, quality and grade to raise product, shorten production cycle and improve the competitive power of market. Japan carry technological research association classify their as one of the 5 loud modern manufacturing technologies first for this reason, learn (CIRP ) to confirm it as the centre in the 21st century to study one of the directions in international production engineering. In the field of car industry, produce 40 second when beat such as production of 300,000 / vehicle per year, and many variety process it is car that equip one of the key problems that must be solved; In the fields of aviation and aerospace industry, its processings spare parts are mostly the thin wall and thin muscle, rigidity very bad, material aluminum or aluminum alloy, in high to cut pace and cut strength very under the little situation only, could process these muscles, walls. Adopt large-scale whole aluminium alloy blank method of pay empty make the wing recently, large-scale parts such as the fuselage ,etc. come to substitute a lot of parts to assemble through numerous rivet , screw and other connection ways, make the intensity , rigidity and dependability of the component improved. All these requirement for processing and equipping and proposing high-speed , high and precise and high flexibility. According to EMO2001 exhibition situation, the high-speed machining center enters for the pace to can reach 80m/min, even high; air transport competent pace can reach 100m/min about. A lot of car factories in the world at present, including Shanghai General Motors Corporation of our country, adopt, substitute and make the lathe up with high-speed machining center production line part that make up already. HyperMach lathe of Company , CINCINNATI of U.S.A. , enter , give pace to be most loud to reach 60m/min, it is 100m/min to be fast, acceleration reach 2g, the rotational speed of the main shaft has already reached 60 000r/min. Processing a thin wall of plane parts, spend 30min only, and same part general at a high speed milling machine process and take 3h, process and need 8h with ordinary milling machine; The paces and acceleration of main shaft of dual main shaft lathes of Germany DMG Company reach 12* separately! 000r/mm and 1g. In machining accuracy, in the past 10 years, ordinary progression has accused of the machining accuracy of the lathe to already improve from 10 m to 5 m, accurate grades of machining center from 3- 5 m, raise to 1- 1.5 m, and ultraprecision machining accuracy begin , enter getting nanometer already. In machining accuracy, the past 10 years, ordinary progression accuse of machining accuracy of lathe raise to 5 m , from 3- 5 m accurate grades of machining center from 10 m already, improve to 1- 1.5 m, and the ultraprecision machining accuracy has already begun to enter nanometer (0.01 m )ly. In dependability, MTBF value of the foreign numerical control device has already reached above 6 000h, MTBF value of the servo system reaches above 30000h, demonstrate very high dependability . For realize at a high speed , high finish machining, related to it function part if electric main shaft , straight line electrical machinery get fast development, the application is further expanded . nts 1.2 5 axles link and process and compound and process the lathe to develop fast Adopt 5 axle link , to three-dimensional curved surface processing of part , can cut with the best geometirc form of the cutter, not only highly polished, but also efficiency is improved by a large margin . It is generally acknowledged , a 5 axle gear beds of efficiency can equal 2 3 axle gear beds , use cubic nitrogen boron wait ultra hard material milling cutter go on at a high speed milling , sharpening , quenching hard steel at the part, 5 axle link , process constant 3 axle link , process , give play to high benefit. But go over because 5 axles link the numerical control system , complicated reason of host computer structure, price its link numerical control to be lathe several times higher than 3 axle, in addition programming technological difficulty relatively heavy , have restricted 5 axle gear beds of development. At present because of electric appearance of main shaft, make , realize 5 axle compound main shaft hair structure processed to link greatly simplify, it make difficulty and cost reduce by a large margin , numerical control price disparity of systems shrink. So promote compound main shaft head type 5 axle gear bed and compound development to process lathe (process the lathe including 5 ). At EMO2001 exhibition, new Japanese 5 of worker machine process lathe adopt compound main shaft hair, can realize 4 processing and arbitrary processing of angle of vertical plane, make 5 process and 5 axles are processed and can be realized at the same lathe, can also realize the inclined plane and pour the processing of the hole of awls . Company , DMG of Germany , exhibit DMUVoution series machining center , can put , insert , down 5 process and 5 axes link and process in one, can be controlled by CNC system or CAD/CAM controls directly or indirectly. 1.3 intellectualizations, open style, the network turns into for the contemporary numerical control system development mainly hastens The 21st century numerical control equipments will be has certain intellectualized the system, the intellectualized content including in numerical control system each aspect: In order to pursue the processing efficiency and the processing quality aspect intellectualization, like processing process adaptive contro l, craft parameter automatic production; In order to enhance the actuation performance and the use connection convenient intellectualization, like the feed-forward control, the electrical machinery parameter auto-adapted operation, the automatic diagnosis load automatic designation model, is automatic entire grades; Simplification programming, simplification operation aspect intellectualization, like intellectualized automatic programming, intellectualized man-machine contact surface and so on; Also has the intelligence to diagnose, the intelligent monitoring aspect content, the convenience system diagnosis and the service and so on. In order to solve the traditional numerical control system seal and the numerical control application software industry production existence question. At present many countries conduct the research to the open style numerical control system, like USS NGC (The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control), European Economic Communitys OSACA (Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems), Japans OSEC (Open System Environment for Controller), Chinas ONC (Open Numerical Control System) and so on. The numerical control system will open nts already becomes the numerical control system road of the future. The so-called open style numerical control system is the numerical control system development may in the unified movement platform, face the engine bed factory and the end-user, through the change, the increase or the tailor structure object (numerical control function), forms the seriation, and may conveniently integrates users special application and the technical knack in the control system, the fast realization different variety, the different scale open style numerical control system, forms has the bright individuality famous brand goods. At present the open style numerical control system system structure standard, the correspondence standard, the disposition standard, the movement platform, the numerical control system function storehouse as well as the numerical control system function software development kit and so on is the current research core. The network numerical control equipment is a nearly two year international famous engine beds expositions new luminescent spot. The numerical control equipment network enormously will satisfy the production line, the manufacture system, the manufacture enterprise to the information integration demand, also will be realizes new manufacture pattern like agile manufacture, hypothesized enterprise, the global manufacture foundation unit. The domestic and foreign some famous numerical controls engine bed and the numerical control system manufacture company has all promoted the related new concept and the prototype in the nearly two years, if unfolds in EMO2001, Japanese Shan Qima Mazak the company displays CyberProduction Center (intelligence production control center, is called CPC); Japan is Okuma the engine bed company to display IT plaza (information technology square, is called the IT square); German Simens (Siemens) the company displays Open Manufacturing Environment (opening manufacture environment, is called OME) and so on, had reflected the numerical control engine bed processing the tendency which develops to the network direction 1.4 takes the new technical standard, the standard establishment 1.4.1 about numerical control system design development gauge As noted previously, there are better commonability , flexibility , adaptability , expanding in the open numerical control system, countries such as U.S.A. , European Community and Japan ,etc. implement the strategic development plan one after another , carry on research and formulation of the systematic norm of structural numerical control of the open system (OMAC , OSACA , OSEC ), 3 of world heavy economy carry on the same science plan and standardize formulation nearly in a short time most, have indicated a new arrival of period of change of the technology of numerical control. Our country started research and formulation which standardized the frame of ONC numerical control system of China too in 2000. 1.4.2 About the numerical control standard The numerical control standard is a kind of trend of information-based development of manufacturing industry. Numerical control technology information exchange of 50 year born , to based on ISO6983 standard, adopt G , M code describes how processes, its essential characteristic faces the processing course, obviously, he cant meet demands of high-speed development of the technology of modern nts numerical control more and more already. For this reason, studying and making a kind of new CNC system standard ISO14649 (STEP-NC ) in the world, its purpose is offering a kind of neutral mechanism not depending on the concrete system , can describe the unified data model in whole lifespan of the products , thus realize the whole manufacture process, and even the standardization of each industrial field product information. The appearance of STEP-NC may be a revolution of the technical field of the numerical control, on development and even the whole manufacturing industry of the technology of numerical control , will exert a far-reaching influence. First of all, STEP-NC puts forward a kind of brand-new manufacture idea , in the traditional manufacture idea, NC processes the procedures to all concentrate on single computer. Under the new standard, NC procedure can be dispersed on Internet, this is exactly a direction of open , networked development of technology of numerical control. Secondly, STEP-NC numerical control system also can reduce , process (about 75% ) drawing , process procedure work out (about 35% ) time and process (about 50% ) time greatly. At present, American-European countries pay much attention to the research of STEP-NC, Europe initiates IMS plan (1999.1.1- 2001.12.3 ) of STEP-NC. 20 CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC users , manufacturers and academic organizations from Europe and Japan participated in this plan. STEP Tools Company of U.S.A. is a developer of the data interchange software of manufacturing industry in the global range, he has already developed and accused of the super model (Super Model ) of information exchange of machine tooling by counting, its goal is to describe all processing courses with the unified norm. Such new data interchange form has already been verified in allocating the SIEMENS , FIDIA and European OSACA-NC numerical control at present. 2 pairs of basic estimations of technology and industry development of numerical control of our country The technology of numerical control of our country started in 1958, the development course in the past 50 years can roughly be divided into 3 stages: The first stage is from 1958 to 1979, i.e. closed developing stage. In this stages, technology of foreign countries blockade and basic restriction of terms of our country, the development of the technology of numerical control is comparatively slow. During Sixth Five-Year Plan Period , the Seventh Five-Year Plan Period of the country in second stage and earlier stage in the Eighth Five-Year Plan Period , introduce technology , digest and assimilate, the stage of establishing the system of production domesticization arisesing tentatively. At this stage , because of reform and opening-up and national attention , and study the improvement of the development environment and international environment, research , development and all making considerable progress in production domesticization of the products of the technology of numerical control of our country. The third stage is that on the later stage in the Eighth Five-Year Plan Period of the country and during the Ninth Five-Year Plan Period , implement the research of industrialization , enter market competition stage. At this stage, made substantive progress in industrialization of the domestic numerical control equipment nts of our country. In the Ninth Five-Year Plan latter stage, domestic numerical control domestic market share of lathe reach 50% , mix domestic numerical control system (popular ) to up to 10%. Review the development course in the past 50 years of technology of numerical control of our country, especially pass the brainstorm of 4 Five-Year Plans, all in all has made following achievements. a. Have establish the foundation of the technical development of numerical control, has basically mastered the technology of modern numerical control. Our country know from numerical control system , servo urge , numerical control host computer , special plane and their basic of fittings basically already now, among them most technology have already possessed the foun

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