兽医专业英语（扬州大学）lesson_sixteen_infectious_cau.ppt

LessonsixteenInfectiouscausesofDisease Wordsandphrases fallunder受到 影响 控制 隶属于 被列为 被归入于 Wormn 虫 蠕虫Tickn 蜱Miten 螨 蛆licen 虱子 louse的复数 protozoan pr ut u z u n n 原生动物adj 原生动物的Coccidiosis k k sidi usis n 内科 球虫病Anaplasmosis n pl z m usis 兽医 边虫病 无形体病Toxoplasmosis t ks upl z m usis n 内科 弓形体病 弓浆虫病 复数toxoplasmoses Trichomoniasis trik um nai sis tri k n 滴虫病 阴道滴虫病 复数trichomoniases tickfever 病理学 蜱热 扁虱热aspergillosis sp d i l usis n 曲霉病thrush r 鹅口疮 真菌性口炎Ringworm n 癣 癣菌病decompose di k m p uz vi 分解 使腐烂vt 分解 腐烂morphology m f l d i n 形态学 形态论 语 词法 语 词态学 Flagella fl d el d el n 鞭毛 鞭节 flagellum的复数 microorganism maikr u niz m n 微 微生物 微小动植物glycogen laik ud n n 糖原 动物淀粉peptidoglycan peptid u laik n n 肽聚糖aerobic ei r ubik adj 需氧的 增氧健身法的atmospheric tm s ferik adj 大气的 大气层的anaerobic n r ubik adj 微 厌氧的 微 厌气的 没有气而能生活的hemolysin hi m laisin hem n 生化 溶血素 溶红血球素 等于haemolysinporcelainfilter瓷滤器obligatory bli t ri adj 义务的 必须的 义不容辞的multiply m ltiplai vt 乘 使增加 使繁殖 使相乘vi 乘 繁殖 增加multiplication m ltipli kei n 增加 增多 倍增 增殖deoxyribonucleic di ksi raib u nju kli ik adj 脱氧核糖核的ribonucleic ri b unju kli ik adj 核醣核酸Ribosomen 核糖体adenosinetriphosphate den sin traif s feit 生化 三磷酸腺苷capsule k psju l n 胶囊 囊膜 LessonsixteenInfectiouscausesofDisease brooderpneumonia雏鸡肺炎broiler肉鸡Layer产卵鸡Hen母鸡Cock公鸡 rooster公鸡fungal f l 真菌的 等于fungous fungus f s n 真菌fungi f ai aspergillosis sp d i l usis n 曲霉病thrush r 鹅口疮 真菌性口炎ringwormn 皮肤 癣 皮肤 癣菌病 Infectiouscausesofdiseasealsofallunderthecategoryofextrinsiccauses Aninfectiousdiseaseiscausedbyalivingorganism andaninfectionisthereactionofthetissuetotheorganism Infectiousdiseasecanbedividedintoparasiticdiseases e g worms ticks mites lice protozoandiseases e g coccidiosis anaplasmosis toxoplasmosis trichomoniasis tickfever fungaldiseases e g aspergillosisor brooderpneumonia thrush ringworm bacteriadiseases andviraldiseases Bacteriaandvirusesplayaprominentroleincausingdisease However onlyasmallportionoftheexistingbacteriaareassociatedwiththeproductionofdisease infact lifeasweknowitwouldceasewithoutbacteria Theyperformmanylife promotingfunctions suchasdecomposingorganicmatterandaidingindigestion Distinguishingcharacteristicsofbacteria forpurposesofidentificationandclassification includethefollowing decompose di k m p uz vi 分解 使腐烂vt 分解 腐烂 1 PathogenicityTheabilityofbacteriatocausediseasevariesgreatlywithinthebacteriaofthesamespeciesandwithexposuretodifferentspeciesofanimals Virulence orweakening iscalledattenuation Immunizingagents e g somevaccines maybemadefrompathogenicorganismsthatareweakened orattenuated pathogenicity p d i nisiti n 病理 致病性 病原性attenuated tenjueitid adj 衰减的 瘦长的v 使减弱 致弱 使变细 稀释 attenuate的过去分词 2 MorphologyBacteriamayberound coccus orrod shaped bacillus Coccimayexistinsingles pairs clumps clusters shortchains orlongchains Somehaveacapsuleandsomemayhaveflagella tail Somemayproduceaspore theseedstage whichmaybelocatedterminallyorsubterminally morphology m f l d i n 形态学 形态论 语 词法 语 词态学morphn 词态 语素 变体Flagella fl d el d el n 鞭毛 鞭节 flagellum的复数 3 StainingcharacteristicsInastain achemicaldyeisusedtocolorthemicroorganism Byusingdifferentdyethathaveapreferenceforspecificmicromolecules e g proteins lipids glycogen itispossibletoseparatethemicroorganismintogroups AnexamplewouldbeusingGram sstaintoseparategram positiveorganismsfromgram negativeorganisms InGram sstain anorganismisgram positiveifitretainsthecrystalvioletstain Thisisacharacteristicofcertainbacteriathathaveathickpeptidoglycancellwall Anacid faststainwouldallowforidentifictionofacid fastorganisms whichretainthestainbecauseofahigherlipidcontentinthecellwall microorganism maikr u niz m n 微 微生物 微小动植物glycogen laik ud n n 糖原 动物淀粉peptidoglycan peptid u laik n n 肽聚糖 4 NutritionalandmetaboliccharacteristicsAerobicorganismsrequireatmosphericoxygenforgrowth whereasanaerobicbacteriagrowintheabsenceofatmosphericoxygen Somebacteriaproducetoxins whichhelpthemacquirenutrients Hemolysinisanexampleofasubstancethatcausesthelysisofredbloodcells releasingiron whichisagrowthfactorrequirementforbacteria Bacteriacanalsobeidentifiedbythetypesofsugarstheyuseasanenergysourceandbythetypesofmetabolicby productsofsugarmetabolism aerobic ei r ubik adj 需氧的 增氧健身法的atmospheric tm s ferik adj 大气的 大气层的anaerobic n r ubik adj 微 厌氧的 微 厌气的 没有气而能生活的hemolysin hi m laisin hem n 生化 溶血素 溶红血球素 等于haemolysin by productsn 副产品 Viruseslikebacteria playanimportantroleindiseasesofdomesticanimals Comparedtobacteria virusesareknownfortheirsmallsize Virusescanpassthroughaporcelainfilterthroughwhichthecommonbacteriacannotpass hence thetermfilterableagent Further theyareclassifiedasobligatoryintracellularparasites thatis theyrequirelivinghostcellsinordertomultiply Mostbacteriadonotfitthisclassification porcelainfilter瓷滤器obligatory bli t ri adj 义务的 必须的 义不容辞的multiply m ltiplai vt 乘 使增加 使繁殖 使相乘vi 乘 繁殖 增加multiplication m ltipli kei n 增加 增多 倍增 增殖 Unlikebacteria virusesdonotpossessaplasmamembrane cannotmultiplyontheirown possesseitherdeoxyribonucleicacid DNA orribonucleicacid RNA donotmaketheirownribosomes andaregenerallyinsensitivetomostofthecommonantibiotics Viruseslackenzymesforproteinsynthesisandadenosinetriphosphate energy generation Forexample manyvirusaremadeupofeitherasinglestrandofdoublestrandofDNAorRNAthatissurroundedbyaproteincapsule deoxyribonucleic di ksi raib u nju kli ik adj 脱氧核糖核的ribonucleic ri b unju kli ik adj 核醣核酸Ribosomen 核糖体adenosinetriphosphate den sin traif s feit 生化 三磷酸腺苷capsule k psju l n 胶囊 囊膜 荚膜 Tomultiply virusesmusttakeoverthemetabolicprocessesofthehostcells Th