高考英语 阅读理解备考策略阅读理解之词义猜测题.ppt

阅读理解之词义猜测题 以例说法 专题讲座 命题分析 阅读理解之词义猜测题 技法指导 阅读中有生词是难免的 而利用文章所提供的语境去推测生词的意义是阅读的必备技能之一 词义猜测题是高考必考的题型 一般占阅读理解总题量的10 左右 所猜词汇可以是生词 也可以是熟词新义 还可以是人称代词的指代内容 常见的命题方式 thephrase couldbereplacedby theword intheparagraphrefersto whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordintheparagraph whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtothephrase whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword 词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力 突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力 常见的猜词法有 1 利用上下文语境 猜测任何词义都离不开上下文 所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测 2 利用定义或解释性的线索 阅读文章中的有些生词往往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子 利用它们猜词义较容易 3 利用文章的逻辑关系答题 如并列 对比 因果 转折关系等 这些逻辑关系往往通过一些相应的词或短语表达出来 如but or however so because等 4 利用构词法知识答题 熟记一些前缀 后缀所表达的意思 不仅可以扩大词汇量 而且帮助我们猜测词义 2011 浙江高考 a篇 oneeveninginfebruary2007 astudentnamedpaulaceelybroughthercartoastoponaremoteroadinwales shegotouttoopenametalgatethatblockedherpath that swhensheheardthewhistlesoundedbythedriverofatrain herrenaultcliowasparkedacrossarailwayline secondslater shewatchedthetraindraghercaralmostakilometredowntherailwaytracks ceely smadethenewsbecausesheblameditonhergpsdevice 导航仪 shehadneverdriventheroutebefore itwasdarkandrainingheavily ceelywasrelyingonhergps butitmadenomentionofthecrossing iputmycompletetrustinthedeviceanditledmerightintothepathofaspeedingtrain shetoldthebbc nearmiss whoistoblamehere rickstevenson whotellsceely sstoryinhisbookwhenmachinesfailus pointsthefingeratthelimitationsoftechnology weputourfaithindigitaldevices hesays butourdigitalhelpersaretoooftennotuptothejob theyarefilledwithsmallproblems andit snotjustgpsdevices stevensontakesusonatourofdigitaldisastersinvolvingeverythingfrommobilephonestowirelesskey boards theproblemwithhisargumentinthebookisthatit snotclearwhyheonlyfocusesondigitaltechnology whiletheremaybeanumberofotherpossiblecauses amap makermighthaveleftthecrossingoffapapermap maybeweshouldblameceelyfornotpayingattention perhapstherailwayauthoritiesareatfaultforpoorsignallingsystem ormaybesomeonehasstudiedtherelativedangersandworkedoutthattherereallyissomethingspecificwrongwiththegpsequipment butstevensondoesn tsay it saproblemthatrunsthroughthebook inasectiononcars stevensongivesanaccountoftheadvancedtechniquesthatcriminalsusetodefeatcomputer basedlockingsystemsforcars heofferstwoindependentsetsoffiguresoncartheft bothshowasmallriseinsomepartsofthecountry hesaysthatonceagainnotallnewlockshaveprovedreliable perhaps butmaybeit salsoduetotheshortageofpolicemenonthestreets orchangingsocialcircumstances orsomecombinationofthesefactors thegamebetweenhumansandtheirsmartdevicesisamusingandcomplex itisshapedbyeconomicsandpsychologyandthecultureswelivein somewhereinthemixofthoseforcestheremaybeawayforawiseruseoftechnology ifthereissuchaway itshouldinvolvemorethanjustanawarenessoftheshortcomingsofourmachines afterall wehavelivedwiththemforthousandsofyears theyhaveprobablybeenfoolingusforjustaslong 语篇解读 随着时代的发展 科技越来越先进 人类也越来越依赖科技 但有时候科技也会给人们带来麻烦 文章中作者将会告诉我们什么呢 让我们去了解一下吧 41 whatdidpaulaceelythinkwasthecauseofheraccident a shewasnotfamiliarwiththeroad b itwasdarkandrainingheavilythen c therailwayworkersfailedtogivethesignal d hergpsdevicedidn ttellheraboutthecrossing 提示 推理判断题 利用要诀3跳读查找法与要诀5中的排除法相结合 解析 从文章第二段sheblameditonhergpsdevice ceelywasrelyingonhergps butitmadenomentionofthecrossing i train shetoldthebbc 可以看出 ceely怪罪的是这个导航仪没有给她提示出这个铁路道口的存在 答案 d 42 thephrase nearmiss paragraph2 canbestbereplacedby a closehitb heavylossc narrowescaped bigmistake 提示 词义猜测题 利用要诀8中的上下文暗示法 解析 由上下文暗示可知 nearmiss是对第一段撞车事故的概括 相当于narrowescape 表示 幸免于难 的意思 答案 c 43 whichofthefollowingwouldrickstevensonmostprobablyagreewith a moderntechnologyiswhatwecan tlivewithout b digitaltechnologyoftenfallsshortofourexpectation c digitaldevicesaremorereliablethantheyusedtobe d gpserrorisnottheonlycauseforceely saccident 提示 细节理解题 利用要诀5正选法与排除法 解析 从文章第三段可以看出 rickstevenson表明 技术是有局限性的 数字技术不一定能满足人们的所有愿望 答案 b 44 inthewriter sopinion stevenson sargumentis a one sidedb reasonablec puzzlingd well based 提示 细节理解题 利用要诀7情感词汇推断法 答案 a 解析 从第四段 theproblemwithhisargumentinthebookisthatit snotclearwhyheonlyfocusesondigitaltechnology whiletheremaybeanumberofotherpossiblecauses 可以看出 作者指出rickstevenson的观点是片面的 45 whatistherealconcernofthewriterofthisarticle a themajorcausesoftrafficaccidentsandcarthefts b therelationshipbetweenhumansandtechnology c theshortcomingsofdigitaldevicesweuse d thehumanunawarenessoftechnicalproblems 提示 主旨大意题 利用要诀6演绎推理法和归纳推