倒装语法.ppt

Module8Unit3GrammarandusageInversion 倒装 正常语序 完全倒装 比较下列句子 1 老师进来了 2 在我们的学校四周有很多的树 Manytreesarearoundourschool Aroundourschoolaremanytrees Incametheteacher Theteachercamein 正常语序 完全倒装 Ihaveneverseensuchamovingfilmbefore 正常语序 部分倒装 3 我以前从没看过这样感人的电影 NeverhaveIseensuchamovingfilmbefore 4 做运动不仅可以增强体质 还可以使我们放松 Doingexercisenotonlybuildsupourstrength butalsomakesusrelaxed Notonlydoesdoingexercisebuildupourstrength butalsomakesusrelaxed 正常语序 部分倒装 英语的正常语序是 主语 谓语 即主语在前 谓语在后 有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调 就要采用倒装形式 将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装 只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前 称为部分倒装 倒装结构通常用于下列情况 一 完全倒装1 用于therebe结构 exist seem happen appear live stand 句型 Thereexistdifferentopinionsonthisquestion Therestandsatempleatthetopofthehill Therearemanystudentsintheclassroom 2 Here Now Then come go 或be等 主语 结构 Herecomestheoldlady Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto Therecomesthebus Nowcomesyourturn 除了then引导的句子常用过去式 如果表示一种生动的描述时则常用一般现在时 如果主语是人称代词 就不用倒装 辨别正误 1 Hereyouare 2 Therecomesshe 3 Nowcomesyouruncle 3 表示方向的副词out in up down on away等置于句首 要用全部倒装 且主语是名词时 Downcamethewaterfromthetopofthemountain Outwentthegirl Incametheteacher Incamehe 判断句子 Thegirlwentout Thewaterfromthetopofthemountaincamedown 4 分词 adj 代词such be 主语 结构 Walkingattheheadofthelinewasourteacher GonearethedayswhentheycoulddowhattheylikedtotheChinesepeople PresentattheconferencewereGeneralManager Vice generalManagersand215directors Suchwasthestoryhetoldme 5 表示地点的介词短语 如onthewall underthetree infrontofthehouse inthemiddleoftheroom等 放在句首时且主语是名词时 要全部倒装 Onthetopofthehillstandsapinetree Infrontoftheclassroomisaplayground Nearthechurch cottage A wassuchanoldB hadasooldC wassucholdaD issoanold 1 Onthewall hang apicture 2 Ontheground lie anoldsickgoat hangs lay 3 Betweenthetwomountains be asmallvillage is Practice 1 There Andhere A goesthephone shecomesB isthephonegoing issheC doesthephonego doesshecomeD thephonegoes comeshe 2 abeautifulpalace thefootofthehill A Therestand atB Therestands underC Standsthere underD Therestands at 3 Out withastickinhishand A didherushB rushedheC herushedD hedidrush4 fromthetopofthebuildingwhenthepolicemanpointedthegunathim A JumpeddowntherobberB JumpedtherobberdownC DownjumpedtherobberD Downtherobberjumped 5 amanofachievements deepthoughts butwithsimplehabits A EinsteinwassuchB SuchwasEinsteinC EinsteinwassoD SowasEinstein6 arethedayswhenteacherswerelookeddownupon A GoneB GoC TogoD Going 7 Canyoutellmewheremyuncleis Yes ofcourse A hereyourunclecomesB herecomesyouruncle C comesyourunclehereD youruncleherecomes 8 Ineachroom A aretenstudentsB tenstudentsareC tenstudentsthereareD tenarestudents9 Iseveryonehere Oh there therestoftheguests A comesB comeC iscomingD coming 二 部分倒装 1 用于so nor neither开头的句子 表示重复前句部分内容 前面所说也适用另一人或物 原句的谓语应与前句谓语的时态 形式相一致 句型 so have has 助动词或情态动词 主语如 B HehasbeentoBeijing SohaveI I dmetPhilipseveraltimesbefore A SodidIB SohadIC SoIhadD Imet also LiWeican tanswerthequestion Neither NorcanI Areyougoingtherewithus IfMarywantstogo A IalsogoB sodoIC soIwillD sowillI DoyouknowJimquarreledwithhisbrother Idon tknow A nordon tIcareB nordoIcareC Idon tcareneitherD Idon tcarealso D B 注意 如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思 尽管是so开头 句子也不倒装 如 Itwascoldyesterday Soitwas 如果前面所说部分有肯定 有否定 动词类型又不一致 而后面一句要表示的也有与上面所述的类似情况 这时须改用下列句型 Soitiswith Itisthesamewith Tomiscleverbuthedoesn tworkhard 我的弟弟也如此 Soitiswithmybrother Itisthesamewithmybrother 2 Only修饰状语提前时 主句部分倒装 OnlythendidIbegintoknowher 仅仅只有以这种方式他才能发财 Onlyinthiswaycanhemakeafortune 仅仅在他死后 他才得到人们的认可 Onlyafterhediedwashereceivedbypeople 仅仅当他回来的时候 才发现真相 Onlywhenhereturneddidhefindthetruth Only 副词 Only 介词短语 Only 时间状语 仅仅只是在那个时候我才开始认识她 Onlywhenhestartedtoexplain thereasonforthis A sherealizedB didsherealizeC shehadrealizedD hadsherealized B 注意 如果only修饰主语 则不必倒装 Onlyherememberedthatitwasmybirthday 仅仅只有他沉溺于电脑游戏中 Onlyhewasaddictedtoplayingcomputergames 3 某些表示否定意义副词或半否定副词 如 neither nor not never hardly seldom little few rarely hardly scarcely nosooner notonly innoway atnotime bynomeans nowhere 等在句首时 Readthesentences 1 Hedidnotlikethepainting NeitherdidI 2 NeitheramIimpressedbythepaintingsnordoIlikethem 3 NeverinmylifehaveIseensuchwonderfulpictures 4 Notaworddidhesayabouthisvisittotheartmuseum 5 AtnotimeduringthetourwasIbored 6 Seldomdoeshepaintnow 7 HardlyhadIgottoAmsterdamwhenitbegantosnow Little abouthisownsafety thoughhewasingreatdangerhimself A doeshecareB didhecareC hecaresD hecared B 当notonly butalso notuntil nosooner than hardly when在句首时 要倒装 注意在这些句型中倒装的位置 notonly butalso 句型中 前一个分句倒装 后一个分句不倒装 他不仅把自己的钱捐给玉树的儿童 他还在那儿申请了一份志愿者的工作 NotonlydidhedonatehismoneytothechildreninYushu buthealsoappliedforajobasavolunteerthere Notuntil 句型中 复合句的前面从句不倒装 后面的主句倒装 直到他得了肺癌 他才放弃抽烟 先正常句式 然后用倒装句翻译 Hedidn tgiveupsmokinguntilhesufferedfromlungcancer Notuntilhesufferedfromlungcancerdidhegiveupsmoking Nosooner 过去完成时 than hardly 过去完成时 when的句型中 后面从句不倒装 前面主句倒装 1 Hehadnosoonerfinishedthetalkthanamanstoodupandputforwardaquestion Nosoonerhadhefinishedthetalkthanamanstoodupandputforwardaquestion 2 IhadhardlyenteredthearmywhenIfeltveryproud HardlyhadIenteredthearmywhenIfeltveryproud Notuntilhisfatherwasoutofprison toschool A canJohngoB JohncangoC couldJohngoD JohncouldgoNosooner asleepthansheheardaknockatthedoor A shehadfallenB hadshefallenC shefellD didshefall C B 4 虚拟语气中 省略了if的条件句中 were had或should可提前句首构成部分倒装 Shouldtherebeaflood whatshouldwedo IfIwerenotsobusy Ishouldgowithyou Ifhehadbeenhereyesterday hewouldhavecometowatchthefootballmatch Ifthereshouldbeaflood whatshouldwedo WereInotsobusy Ishouldgowithyou Hadhebeenhereyesterday hewouldhavecometowatchthefootballmatch 5 在so that 如此 以致于 句型中 若so 提前到句首 主句则要部分倒装 Soloudlydidhespeakthatpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim Hedrovesocarelesslythathealmostkilledhimself Socarelesslydidhedrivethathealmostkilledhimself Hespokesoloudlythatpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim 类似地 当such that 结构的such 置于句首时 主句也要使用部分倒装 Heseemedsuchanicemanthatwealllovedhim 他像个很和蔼的人 所以我们都喜欢他 Suchanicemandidheseemthatwealllovedhim Soloudly that hearherclearly A didshespeak couldeveryoneB didshespeak everyonecouldC shespoke couldeveryoneD shespoke everyonecould himselfwrong buthisfriendswerewrong A NotwasonlyheB NotonlyheC NotonlywasheD Notonlywas Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury knowwhatheatis A mandidB manC didn tmanD didmanNotuntilIbegantowork realizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted A didn tIB didIC Ididn tD Idid 三 其他 1 用于某些表示祝愿的句子 如 1 Mayyousucceed 2 LongliveChina 由as引起的让步状语从句主谓不倒装 只须把形容词 副词 名词 实义动词提前提到as前 且单数可数名词提到主语前时不带冠词 Tiredas thoughIwas Itriedtohelpthem Tryas thoughhewould hecouldn topenthedoor 他试过多次了 却仍打不开那门 虽然我很累 我还是努力帮助他们 Though AlthoughIwastired Itriedtohelpthem 尽管他们做了很大努力 却没法让她改变主意 Hardas though theytried theycouldn tmakeherchangehermind Boyasheis hebehaveslikeagirl 他虽是个男孩 但举止却像个女孩 as作 虽然 解 引导让步状语从句时 必须将表语 状语或动词原形提到as前面 此时应注意几点 一是若提前的表语是没有形容词修饰的单数可数名词 要省略不定冠词 二是若提前的是动词原形 多为不及物动词 与之连用的通常是may might will would等 且这些词都要保留在原来的位置上 主语后 三是though有时也可像as这样使作倒装 Morepractice 1 cometoourcountryastoday A ForeignguestswhohaveneverB NeversomanyforeignguestshaveC NeverhavesomanyforeignguestsD Theforeignguestsaren tever2 thathecouldnotspeakforalongtime A SofrightenedwasheB SofrightenedhewasC WashesofrightenedD Frightenedwashe 3 Inaphysicalchangenonewsubstanceisformed inthecompositionofmatter A nordoesanychangetakeplaceB noranychangetakesplaceC notanychangetakesplaceD eitheranychangetakeplace4 Onlyinafewcountries areasonablestandardofliving A thewholeofthepopulationenjoyB thewholeofthepopulationenjoysC doesthewholeofthepopulationenjoyD hasawholeofthepopulationenjoy 5 Seldom to