非谓语动词讲解(打印) (1).doc

非谓语动词非谓语基本形式及在句中的成分一览表（以 do为例）不定式现在分词动名词过去分词一般式肯定主动to dodoingdoing/被动to be donebeing donebeing donedone进行式肯定主动to be doing/完成式肯定主动to have donehaving donehaving done/被动to have been donehaving been donehaving been done否定主动not to have donenot having donenot having done被动not to have been donenot having been donenot having been done被动/否定主动not to have been doing被动/在句中成分主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语、补语、等除谓语之外所有成分定语、表语、状语、补语定语、表语、宾语、主语定语、表语、状语、补语注意：1.过去分词就是表示完成、被动的意义，不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成。不及物动词的不定式，现在分词和动名词没有被动式。2.非谓语的否定式都是由“not+非谓语”构成。一、动词不定式的主要用法1.To finish the work on time is not easy.(作主语) 要准时完成这项任务并不容易。注意：动词不定式作主语时，也可以用形式主语“it”，即Its not easy to finish the work on time.His wish was to become a teacher.(作表语)（他的愿望是成为一名教师。）There is nothing to worry about.(作定语)（没有什么可以担心的。）He ran to catch the bus. (作状语) （他跑着去赶车。）I want to see the new film.(作宾语)（我想要去看这部新电影。）He asked me to open the door.(作宾语补足语)（他要我把门打开。）注意：动词不定式在作let,make,see,hear,feel,watch等使役、感观动词的宾语补足语时，不定式不带“to”例：We often hear her sing in the next room.（我们经常听到她在隔壁房间唱歌。）但上述动词用于被动语态的句子中，动词不定式变成主语补足语，这时必须带“to”。例：He was heard to sing in the next room every morning.(明天早晨他总是被听到在隔壁房间唱歌。)动词不定式作宾语时，也可用形式宾语“it”。例：They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.(他们发现及时准备好一切是不可能的。)2.动词不定式也可以和疑问词who, what, which, whether, when, how, where等连用，构成不定式短语。How to get the tickets is a question. (作主语)（如何获得票子是个问题。）I wonder which to choose. (作宾语)（我不知选哪一个。）The question is who to send the letter. (作表语)（问题是谁去送信。） 二分词的主要用法分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词与过去分词的区别在于：现在分词表示主动的、正在进行的动作，而及物动词的过去分词表示已经完成且被动的动作，不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成的意义。Do you know the building being built down the street?（作定语）（你知道在街的那头正在建造的大楼吗？）This is one of the buildings built in the 1960s.（作定语）（这是六十年代造的大楼之一。）The news is surprising.（作表语）这消息令人惊讶。）We are surprised at the news.（作表语）（听到这消息我们感到惊讶。）We heard her singing in the next room.（宾语补足语）（我们听到她正在隔壁房间唱歌。）Im going to have my hair cut.（宾语补足语）我将去剪一下头发。）(WhileWhen)Walking along the street, he met with his old friend.（状语）（当他在路上走时，遇到了他的老朋友。）Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.（状语）（从山顶看，这公园非常美丽。）H 注意：1.分词作定语，如果是单个分词，则放在所修饰的名词之前，如：spoken English, exciting news;如果是分词短语，则要放在所修饰名词之后，如：the language spoken in this country, the boy standing there2.分词作状语，表示原因、时间、条件时一般放在句首，如作为方式状语或伴随状态时，放在句首句尾均可。例：Reading the letter, she couldnt help crying.（读了信，她情不自禁哭了。）此句分词作原因状语；She sat at the table, reading a letter.（她坐在桌边读信。）此句分词作伴随状态。3.分词作为时间状语时，可在分词前加上while, when或on表示“当时候”，或“一就”。例：While talking with her teacher, she felt nervous.（当与老师讲话时，她感到紧张。）；On hearing the good news, she jumped up with joy.（她一听到这好消息就高兴地跳起来。）4.当分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。Seeing the house on fire, he immediately ran to the phone-box.=When he saw the house on fire, he immediately ran to the