Q uality F unction.ppt

1 QualityFunctionDeployment DavidMenksAnwarAhmedKaijunFu Foundat http sern ucalgary ca kjfu courses SENG613 teamwork html Acknowledging Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 2 Goodoverviewcanbefoundat http pages cpsc ucalgary ca johnsonk SENG SENG613 Project report htmDownloadabletool www iti SQFDpaper seeotherslides OtherSourcesonQFD SQFD Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 3 TableofContents OverviewQFD StepbyStepExerciseComparisonofDifferentRETechniquesApplicationofQFDonSoftwareEngineeringQFDsoftwarelistDiscussion Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 4 OverviewofQFD TheHistoryofQFD WhatisQFD WhyuseQFD CharacteristicsofQFD Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 5 HistoryofQFD 1960 s YojiAkaoconceptualizedQFD StatisticalQualityControl SQC wasthecentralqualitycontrolactivityafterWWII SQCbecameTotalQualityControl TQC QFDwasderivedfromTQC Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 6 FirstApplicationofQFD 1966 BridgestoneTireCorpfirstusedaprocessassurancetable 1972 theprocessassurancetablewasretooledbyAkaotoincludeQFDprocess 1972 KobeShipyards ofMitsubishiHeavyIndustry beganaQFDOilTankerproject 1978 KobeShipyardspublishedtheirqualitychartforthetanker Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 7 QFDTakesHold ThefirstpaperonQFDwaspublishedin1972 In1978 thefirstbookonQFDwaspublishedinJapanese In1983 thefirstEnglishQFDarticlewaspublishedinNorthAmerica Bythelate1970 smostoftheJapanesemanufacturingindustrywereusingQFD Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 8 QFDinNorthAmerica QFDspreadrapidlyinNorthAmericaduringthe1980 sTheAutomobileindustryandManufacturingbeganheavyuseofQFDatthistime QFDsymposiums NorthAmerican Japanese European International weresetuptoexploreresearchrelatingtoQFDtechniques TheQFDinstitutewasformedin1994 Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 9 QFDinSoftwareEngineering TheQFDResearchGroupwasseekingresearchrelatingtoQFDinSoftwareEngineeringsince1987 AnewstyleofQFD SoftwareQFD SQFD hasemerged DEC AT T HP IBMandTexasInstrumentshaveallpublishedinformationrelatingtoSQFD Haag 1996 Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 10 AdditionalTechniques TherearemanytechniqueswhichareastyleofQFDorareusedtoenhanceQFD Theseinclude TRIZ conjointanalysis thesevenproductplanningtools Taguchimethods Kanomodel SQFD DQFD Gemba Kaizen ComprehensiveQFD QFD N QFD B Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 11 OverviewofQFD TheHistoryofQFD WhatisQFD WhyuseQFD CharacteristicsofQFD Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 12 WhatisQFD QualityFunctionDeployment QFD isaqualitytechniquewhichevaluatestheideasofkeystakeholderstoproduceaproductwhichbetteraddressesthecustomersneeds Customerrequirementsaregatheredintoavisualdocumentwhichisevaluatedandremodeledduringconstructionsotheimportantrequirementsstandoutastheendresult Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 13 TheQFDParadigm QFDprovidestheopportunitytomakesureyouhaveagoodproductbeforeyoutrytodesignandimplementit Itisaboutplanningandproblemprevention notproblemsolving Eureka 1988 QFDprovidesasystematicapproachtoidentifywhichrequirementsareapriorityforwhom whentoimplementthem andwhy Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 14 High LevelQFD RequirementsareinitiallyelicitedusingotherREtechniques interviewing brain storming focus groups etc QFDinvolvestherefinementofrequirementsusingmatricesandchartsbasedongroupdecidedpriorities Thereare4PhasesofQFD EachPhaserequiresinternaliterationbeforeproceedingtothenext OnceataPhaseyoudonotgoback Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 15 WhatDoesQFDRequire QFDrequirestime effort andpatience QFDrequiresaccesstostakeholdergroups ThebenefitsofQFDarenotrealizedimmediately Usuallynotuntillaterintheprojectorthenextproject QFDrequiresfullmanagementsupport PrioritiesfortheQFDprocesscannotchangeifbenefitsaretoberealized Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 16 OverviewofQFD TheHistoryofQFD WhatisQFD WhyuseQFD CharacteristicsofQFD Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 17 WhyuseQFD TheQFDprocessleadsparticipantstoacommonunderstandingofprojectdirectionandgoals QFDforcesorganizationstointeractacrosstheirfunctionalboundaries Hales 1995 QFDreducesdesignchanges Mazur 2000 Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 18 Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 19 QFDArtifacts Prioritizedlistofcustomersandcompetitors Prioritizedlistofcustomerrequirements Prioritizedlistofhowtosatisfytherequirements Alistofdesigntradeoffsandanindicationofhowtocompromiseandweighthem Arealisticsetoftargetvaluestoensuresatisfaction Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 20 WhataboutCost Costreductionisnotmentionedasa WhytouseQFD Initialcostswillbeashighoralittlehighercomparedwithtraditionaltechniques Youareseekinglongtermsavingsinthatproductortheproductsthatfollow Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 21 OverviewofQFD TheHistoryofQFD WhatisQFD WhyuseQFD CharacteristicsofQFD Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 22 CharacteristicsofQFD 4MainPhasestoQFDProductPlanningincludingthe HouseofQuality RequirementsEngineeringLifeCycle ProductDesign DesignLifeCycle ProcessPlanning ImplementationLifeCycle ProcessControl TestingLifeCycle Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 23 QFDPhase1 Phase1iswheremostoftheinformationisgathered Gettinggooddataiscritical Anymistakesinrequirementsherewillbemagnifiedlater SoftwareEngineersshouldspendmostofourtimeinthisPhase Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 24 TheHouseofQuality HoQ Isasetofmatriceswhichcontainstherequirements What s andthedetailedinformationtoachievethoserequirements How s HowMuch s Stakeholdergroupsfillinthematricesbasedontheirprioritiesandgoals AkeytotheHoQismakingsureeachgroupanswersthesamequestionaboutthesamerelationship WhatvsHow cell Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 25 KeyItemstoAddressinHoQ QFDTeamMissionStatement Whoisthecustomer WhataretheRequirements Howimportantiseachrequirement Howwillyouachieveeachrequirement CompletetheRelationshipMatrix what svshow s Whichhow sarethemostimportant Whatarethetradeoffsbetweenthehow s Whattargetvaluesshouldbeestablished Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 26 QFD StepbyStepGuide HowQFDWorksStepbyStepGuidetoBuilda HouseofQuality Example Webpagedevelopment Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 27 HowQFDWorks Customer requirements drivendesignandproductionplanningprocessRationaleisthatproductqualityismeasuredbycustomersatisfactionandcustomersaresatisfiediftheirneedsorrequirementsaremetQFDisbuildingrequirementsintoproducts InputscustomerrequirementsOutputsproductionproceduresforproducingaproducttosatisfycustomers Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 28 HowQFDWorks 2 Conceive Design Process Production Requirements TechnicalSpecifications HighLevelDesign MethodsTools QFDPlanningProcess Procedures Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 29 HouseofQuality CustomerRequirements Whats RelationshipMatrix Whatsvs Hows CustomerMarketEvaluation Whatsvs Whys DegreeofTechnicalDifficulty TechnicalSpecifications Hows CorrelationMatrix Howsvs Hows Howmuchs Whys TargetGoals TechnicalCompetitiveEvaluations OverallImportanceRatings CustomerImportanceRating Example Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 30 CustomerRequirements VoiceofCustomer VOC Are whats Expressedincustomer sownlanguageQualitative vague ambiguous incomplete inconsistentGroupsessionCategorizationandorganization Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 31 TechnicalSpecifications VoiceoftheEngineersorDesigners hows Interpretationsof whats intermsoftechnicalspecificationsordesignrequirements designers language PotentialchoicesforproductfeaturesEach whats itemmustbeconverted refined to how s Theyhavetobeactionable quantifiableormeasurable Freeoftechnologyandimplementationcreatesflexibilityfordesign Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 32 RelationshipMatrix Whats vs Hows Correlateshow hows satisfy whats Usesymbolicnotationfordepictingweak medium andstrongrelationshipsAweightof1 3 9or1 3 5isoftenusedMore strongs areidealCross checkingability Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 33 CustomerPrioritization Prioritizingtheimportanceofeach whats itemtothecustomer Rateeach whats itemin1to5ratingCompletedbythecustomerAHPcanbeused Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 34 CustomerMarketCompetitiveEvaluations Comparisonofthedeveloper sproductwiththecompetitor sproductsQuestion Whytheproductisneeded Thecustomerevaluatesallproductscomparingeach whats itemRatingof1of5isgivenTheresultshelppositiontheproductonthemarket Identifythegaps Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 35 TargetGoals Howmuch s ofthe Hows measurement Answersacommondesignquestion Howmuchisgoodenough tosatisfythecustomer Notknownatthetimewhenthe hows aredetermined Theyaredeterminedthroughanalysis ClearlystatedinameasurablewayastohowcustomerrequirementsaremetProvidesdesignerswithspecifictechnicalguidanceCanbeusedfor acceptance testing Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 36 CorrelationMatrix Roof partIdentifieshow hows itemssupport positive orconflict negative withoneanotherMaycombinestrongpositiveitemstoreducedevelopmenteffortFindtrade offsfornegativeitemsbyadjusting howmuch values Trade offsmustberesolvedorcustomerrequirementswon tbefullysatisfied Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 37 TechnicalSpecificationsCompetitiveEvaluation SimilartocustomermarketcompetitiveevaluationsbutconductedbythetechnicalteamTechnicaladvantagesordisadvantagesovercompetitorproductsConflictsmaybefoundbetweencustomerevaluationsandtechnicalteamevaluations Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 38 TechnicalDifficultyAssessment PerformedbytechnicalteamsHelpstoestablishthefeasibilityandrealizationofeach hows item1to5ratings Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 39 OverallImportanceRatings OnlytimewhenmathisrequiredCalculatedoverallratingsFunctionofrelationshipratingsandcustomerprioritizationratings Usedtodetermineasetoftechnicalspecifications requirementsneededforthenextphase Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 40 DecisionsforPhase2 The Hows areanalyzedOverallimportanceratingsTechnicaldifficultiesCompetitiveratingsDecisionsondesignrequirementsaremadeStartproductdesignphase Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 41 SQFD QFDforsoftwareSoftwareEngineeringisrequirementsdrivenAddressesqualityissuesinsoftwaredevelopmentUsuallyuseQFDphase1Focusesonrequirements Hows vs functionalornon functionalrequirements Howmuch s vs Testing Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 42 HowtoApplyQFDtoSE UseforneworupgradetypeofprojectsRequirementsrefinementsCustomerhasideal developerhassolutionIdealtoknowapplicationdomainknowledgeSoftwareforinternaluseSoftwareforgeneralusesuchasOS wordprocessoretc Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 43 PresentationSummary DisadvantagesofSQFDAdvantagesofSQFDHowtoMakeSQFDwork Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 44 DisadvantageofSQFD WhatMakesQFDUnsuitableforSE TimeandresourcesconsumingProcesslimitationiniterationsupportDoesnotsupportcommonlanguagebetweenusersanddevelopersDocumentationrequirementsFocusonqualityotherthanfunctionality Nov23 2000 SENG613QFD 45 BenefitsofSQFD CommunicationsamonggroupsDecisionjustificationMetricsCross checkingAvoidlossofinformationShortenstheSDLCSource http www acm org pubs articles journals cacm 199