英语作文(课文).docx

中国传统孝道 Traditional Chinese Filial VirtueAs one of the cores of Chinese culture, filial piety is not only the moral code for maintaining family relationships in Chinese society for thousands of years, but also the traditional virtue of Chinese Nation.Respecting and taking care of the aged-parents is regarded as an obligatory duty in China. Chinese people believe that only those who are concerned with and practice filial devotion to their parents would be honest, faithful and grateful to others and seek ways to return their kindness. There are many stories which show the filial respect in ancient China. Taste Liquid Medicine for Mother and Stealing Oranges to take home for his mother are the most famous two of them.中国儒家文化Confucian cultureConfucian culture is guided by Confucian thoughts, founded by Confucius in Chunqiu period, which was later developed by Mencius and Xun Zi, and lasted for more than 2500 years. The central idea is filial piety, loyalty, and integrity, proper rite and righteousness, honesty, cleanness and shame. Their core is benevolence. Confucianism played a decisive role in the development of Chinese culture. Based on the Four Books and Five Classics, the traditions and principles in the Confucianism played an important role in the formation of Chinese peoples thinking patterns and teaching methods. Confucianism has worldwide influence. In many countries and regions of the world such as the UK, USA, branches of Confucius Institutes are established in recent years to spread Chinese culture and expand the language. In China, you can find many Confucius temples, which is an important place for the candidates for important exams.三国演义Romance of the Three KingdomsRomance of The Three Kingdoms is one of the four great Chinese classics. It is compiled into a semi-fictional literary masterpiece during the Ming Dynasty by Luo Guanzhong. The novel comprises around seventy percent fact，and the rest fiction. Some issues such as Guan Yus weapon weighing around 40 kilograms, the capabilities of Lu Bu, Liu Beis horses as well as the existence of the Hill of the Fallen Phoenix and some others are probably fictional.That period in history can be said as the golden age of chivalry . Although it happened more than 1700 years ago, characters such as Liu Bei, Cao Cao, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhuge Liang have become household names among the Chinese. Tales of their exploits, courage, adventures and many more are told in the novel Romance of The Three Kingdoms.十二生肖The Chinese Zodiac Animal SignsThe Chinese zodiac animal signs are the Chinese way of numbering the years. It attributes an animal to each year, according to a 12-year cycle. Since ancient times, the Chinese people began to use the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches to record the passing of years. At this same time, Chinese nomadic people who lived in northwest china instead used animals to number the years. The two ways of numbering the years were smoothly integrated, and the Chinese zodiac took shape. The 12 animals in the Chinese zodiac are: rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, ram, monkey, rooster, dog and pig. The meaning of the symbolic animal of the birth year is that it can make people magnanimous and be of one mind in times of difficulty. Even though the Chinese people now number the years and their age under the Gregorian calendar, they still continue to use the symbolic animals. As long as people know a persons probable age and his symbolic animal, people can infer his exact age and year of birth.二十四节气The 24 Solar TermsThe ancient Chinese divided a year into 24 equal segments according to the positions of the sun on the ecliptic. Names were given with special connotations for these segments; such as vernal equinox (occurs on March 20 or 21) and pure brightness (occurs on April 4, 5, or 6); and hence they are called the 24 Solar Terms. Originating from the Reaches of the Yellow River, the 24 Solar Terms are basically a calendar to govern agricultural arrangements which takes into account the changes in climate and practical agricultural needs. The 24 Solar Terms are considered a great and unique creation of the ancient Chinese.中国饮食文化Chinese Food CultureChinese cuisine is of a long history and profound in its variety. Chinese people often say, Man sees food as the first priority. Food is the most essential part of life for human beings. China is rich in her cuisine varieties. The most prominent and influential schools of culinary art are the following ones: Lu Cuisine (Shangdong Province), Chuan Cuisine (Sichuan Province), Yue Cuisine (Guangdong Province), Min Cuisine (Fujian Province), Su Cuisine (Jiangsu Province), Zhe Cuisine (Zhejiang Province), Xiang Cuisine (Hunan Province) and Hui Cuisine (Anhui Province). They are referred to as The Top Eight Cuisines. All the eight cuisines are fully intertwined with local delicacies, unique traditions and fairytales.汉字Chinese characterChinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help people remember things. After a long period of development, it finally became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the same time. The earliest Chinese characters discovered up to now are jiaguwen dating back more than 3400 years, which are regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters. Chinese characters have undergone tremendous changes over the ages. From the earliest form of hieroglyph to the character composed of strokes, Chinese characters have gone through several calligraphic styles: bronze inscriptions, seal script, official script, regular script, cursive script, running script, etc. Chinese characters are usually round outside and square inside, which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth. The five basic strokes of Chinese characters are “-“ (the horizontal stroke) , “” (the vertical stroke), “”(the left-falling curved stroke), “” (the right-falling curved stroke), and “乙” (the turning stroke).中国书法Chinese CalligraphyChinese calligraphy is the traditional art of writing Chinese characters. After centuries of creation and evolution, Chinese calligraphy has become a unique art of lines using a brush to write Chinese characters. Chinese scripts are generally divided into five categories: the seal script, the official script, the regular script, the cursive script and the running script. The writing techniques of Chinese calligraphy are highlighted by the manner of using a brush, the way ink is used, the art of composition, and so on. Its harmonious beauty of art is reflected in between the lines. Through its unique word structures, writing styles and way of handling the brush, Chinese calligraphy with the beauty in different poses, conveys the moral integrity, character, emotions, esthetic feelings and culture of the artist.中国画Traditional Chinese PaintingTraditional Chinese painting，also known as Dan Qing(ink-painting) in ancient time, is the form of art painting on a piece of Xuan paper or silk with a Chinese brush and black ink or colored pigments. It is regarded as one of the three quintessence of Chinese culture, the other two being traditional Chinese medicine and Beijing Opera. The subject matters of Chinese paintings can be typically classified into three types, figures, landscapes, birds and flowers. The drawing skills and techniques employed in traditional Chinese painting can be categorized into fine brushwork and free-hand brushwork. Unlike Western sketches which focus on truthful regeneration of subject, the artistic characteristics of traditional Chinese paintings pay more attention to verve and artistic conception, emphasizing using the shape to convey the feelings of the painter. In general, traditional Chinese paintings are rich in content and forms. Besides, its style is grandiose, containing boldness as well as fineness. In terms of the artistic creation, traditional Chinese painting is a reflection of the aesthetic consciousness and artistic sentiment of the Chinese people.文房四宝Four Treasures of the StudyThe writing brush, ink stick, ink stone, and paper were requisite treasures in the study of the scholars of ancient China. They are often referred to as the Four Treasures of the Study. A Chinese brush is made primarily of hairs from a beast and a small bamboo pipe. The best-known Chinese brush is manufactured in Huzhou, Zhejiang province. Chinese calligraphers and painters paid particular attention to the quality of the ink stick. The best ink stick is produced in Huizhou, Anhui Province. The best paper used for writing or painting with a Chinese brush is called Xuan paper since it was produced in a place near Xuancheng in Anhui Province. Xuan paper is white, smooth, refined, even, soft and absorbent. As soon as the ink touches the paper it quickly seeps in, which can best present the characteristics of Chinese calligraphy and painting. The ink stone is used for grinding the ink stick in order to make ink. The best-known is called Duanyan ink stone produced in Duanxi, Guangdong province. Paper, ink stick, Chinese brush and ink stone have played very important roles in the development of traditional Chinese calligraphy and painting.京剧Beijing OperaAs the most popular and influential opera in China, Beijing opera has a history of more than 200 years and is regarded as a genuine national quintessence of China. It originated from many kinds of ancient local operas, especially the Anhui troupes in southern China. At the end of the 19th Century, Beijing Opera evolved and took shape, becoming the greatest kind of opera in China. Different from the western dramas, Beijing Opera is a blend of performing arts. Through the four artistic means and the four basic skills of Beijing Opera singing, recitation, acting, and acrobatic fighting, Beijing Opera completely portrays and narrates the plot and characters. The characters of Beijing Opera are classified into different types according to sex, age, disposition, profession and social status. The main types of roles