与颜色有关的词汇.doc

与颜色有关的词汇每个人都有自己说话的方式，有自己独特的表达。许多当下的美语表达都与色彩相关。 红色（hot)是一种暖色。美国人通常用它来表达强烈的情感。当他们对一些不公正的事感到非常愤怒时他们会说“red hot”。许多墨西哥食物中所用的美味的小辣椒被叫做“red hots”是因为它们的火红的颜色和火辣的味道。节奏快音量强的音乐深受大家喜爱。人们会用非常劲爆（red hot）来表达自己的喜爱之情，特别是迪克西蓝爵士乐。粉色(pink)是一种浅红色。人们会用“in the pink”来表达自己的身体健康。在二十世纪初这个表达第一次在美国被运用。这可能是因为许多婴儿出生时皮肤呈健健康康的粉红色。蓝色（blue）是一种冷色调。在美国传统的蓝调音乐和热烈奔放的音乐截然相反。蓝调音乐舒缓、悲伤、感情深切。艾灵顿公爵同他的管弦乐队录制了一首著名 的歌曲Mood Indigo这首歌有关于靛蓝这种深蓝色的颜色。歌词中唱到“只有你真正悲伤过，你才能理解蓝色”。用蓝色来形容一个人表明那个人非常悲伤。绿色（green）是草木的天然的颜色。但并不是人类的自然色彩。当一个人胃不舒服时她可以说“feel a little green”。在船上的乘客由于波浪起伏感到非常难受时可能看起来脸色不好（look verygreen）。有时一个人可能会不高兴，因为他拥有的一些东西并没有朋友的那么好，例如一辆崭新的车。那么他可能说自己充满了嫉妒（be green with envy）。一些人因为朋友比自己富有而感到嫉妒。美元被叫做“greenbacks”是因为绿色是美元背面的颜色。黑色（black）也常被用于表达中。人们将诸事不顺的一天叫做黑色日（a black day）。发生重大灾难的日子也被纪念成黑色日。黑名单现在是不合法的。但曾经一些商人拒绝雇佣黑名单上的人们，因为他们属于某些不受欢迎的组织。有时，颜色用于描述某种情况。灯火管制（a brown out）就是用于描述减少电力使用的情况。当用电需求量过大时就需要用到灯火管制。This is the VOA Special English Health Report.Some peoples ears produce wax like busy little bees. This canbe a problem even though earwax appears to serve animportant purpose.It protects and cleans the ear. It traps dirt and other matter, and it keeps insects out. Doctorsthink earwax might also help protect against infections. And the waxy oil keeps ears from gettingtoo dry.So earwax is good. It even has a medical name: cerumen. And there are two kinds. Most people ofEuropean or African ancestry have the wet kind: thick and sticky. East Asians commonly havedry earwax.But you can have too much of a good thing.The glands in the ear canal that produce the wax make too much in some people. Earwax isnormally expelled; it falls out of the ear or gets washed away. But extra wax can harden and forma blockage that interferes with soundwaves and reduces hearing.People can also cause a blockage when they try to clean out their ears, but only push the waxdeeper inside. Earwax removal is sometimes necessary. But you have to use a safe method or youcould do a lot of damage.Experts at the National Institutes of Health, NIH, suggest some ways to treat excessive earwaxyourself. The wax can be softened with mineral oil, glycerin or ear drops. Hydrogen peroxide orcarbamide peroxide may also help.Another way to remove wax is known as irrigation. With the head upright, take hold of the outerpart of the ear. Gently pull upward to straighten the ear canal. Use a syringe device to gentlydirect water against the wall of the ear canal. Then turn the head to the side to let the water out.The experts at NIH say you may have to repeat this process a few times. Use water that is bodytemperature. If the water is cooler or warmer, it could make you feel dizzy. Never try irrigation ifthe eardrum is broken. It could lead to infection and other problems.After the earwax is gone, gently dry the ear. But if irrigation fails, the best thing to do is to go to ahealth care provider for professional assistance.You should never put a cotton swab or other object into the ear canal. But you can use a swab orcloth to clean the outer part of the ear. Experts agree with the old saying that you should neverput anything smaller than your elbow in your ear.Add thats the VOA Special English Health Report, written by Caty Weaver. For more health news,go to . Im Christopher Cruise.文本来源于普特论坛report整理 SENEWS-2013-02-06这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报告。一些人的耳朵像繁忙的小蜜蜂一样频繁地分泌出蜡质。尽管耳垢也起着非常重要的作用，但是也可能产生一些问题。这些耳垢可以对耳朵起到清洁和保护作用。耳垢可以防止污垢，异物和昆虫进入耳内。医生认为，还可以防止感染。此外，这些蜡质还可以防止耳内过于干燥。所以，这些耳垢是好的，它甚至还有一个医学名字：耵聍(cerumen)。耳垢主要有两种。大部分欧裔和非裔人口都是“湿型耳垢”，比较粘稠。东亚人的耳垢则通常是“干型”的。但是，即使是好东西，过多也会产生适得其反的效果。一些人耳孔内分泌耳垢的腺体过多。耳垢通常被排出耳外，从耳内脱落或被冲走。但是过多的耳垢可能会硬化，形成栓塞，干扰声波的接收，减弱听力。一些人还可能造成人为的栓塞。他们对耳部进行清洁，反而使耳垢更加深入。有时适当的清除耳垢是必要的。但是必须使用安全的方法，否则可能对耳朵造成损害。国家卫生院的专家提出了几点关于自己清除耳垢的建议。他们说，矿物油，甘油或滴耳剂可以使耳垢软化，过氧化氢或过氧化脲也可以起到帮助。清除耳垢的另外一个方法是滴灌。头部直立，抓住耳廓，轻轻地将耳廓向上拉直。使用注射器直接向耳孔壁注水。然后将头偏向一边，让水流出。国家卫生院的专家表示，这个过程要重复几次。水的温度要和体温一致。如果水过冷或过热，会使你感到晕眩。如果耳膜破裂，千万不要使用这种方法，否则可能会导致传染和其他问题。耳垢清除后，轻轻地将耳部擦干。但是如果滴灌的方法失败，最好的方法就是去医疗保健机构寻求专业帮助。千万不要将棉棒或其他物体放入耳孔内。但是可以使用棉棒或布料来清洁耳朵外部。专家同意一个谚语的说法，你不能把比你胳膊肘小的东西放进你的耳朵里。Im Susan Clark with the Special Englishprogram, WORDS AND THEIR STORIES.Tom Smith is the best hitter on his companys baseball team.For weeks during the playing season, Tom hit a home run in every game the team played. Butthen suddenly he stopped hitting home runs. He could not hit the baseball at all.One day he struck out three times in one game. He said, I am afraid I am losing it.Mary Jones bought a dress in a womans clothing store. She felt very happy about buying thedress until she got home. Then she remembered she had left her credit card at the store when sheused it to pay for the dress. It was the third time that month that Mary had forgotten somethingimportant.Mary was angry with herself. She said, Am I losing it?Emma Cleveland was teaching a class in mathematics at a college. She began to explain to thestudents how to solve a very difficult problem. She undersood it very well. But somehow, at thatmoment, she could not explain it. Emma said, I must be losing it.Americans seem to have a lot of concern about losing it. At least that is what you would think fromhearing them talk. They use the expression when they feel they are losing control. It can meanlosing emotional control. Or losing the ability to do something. Or losing mental powers.Word experts differ about how the expression started. Some believe it came from televisionprograms popular in the nineteen eighties. Others believe it began with psychologists andpsychiatrists who deal with how people think, feel and act.One psychologist said, We Americans have many concerns about controlling our lives. Perhapswe worry too much.She continued, In many situations, to say you are losing it eases the tension. It is healthy. Andmost people who say they are having a problem are not losing it. People may feel more like theyare losing it when they are down in the dumps.People who are down in the dumps are sad. They are depressed.Word expert Charles Funk says people have been feeling down in the dumps for more than four-hundred years. Sir Thomas More used the expression in fifteen thirty-four. He wrote, Our poorfamily . has fallen in such dumps.Word experts do not agree what the word dumps means. One expert, John Ayto, says the worddumps probably comes from the Scandanavian countries. The languages of Denmark and Norwayboth have similar words. The words mean to fall suddenly.Americans borrowed this saying. And, over the years, it has become a popular way of expressingsadness.This WORDS AND THEIR STORIES program was written by Jerilyn Watson. I am Susan Clark.文本来源于普特论坛report整理 SENEWS-2013-02-10我是苏珊克拉克，以下是本期美国之音慢速英语词汇掌故节目。汤姆史密斯（Tom Smith）是他们公司棒球队最好的击球手。在赛季期间的好几个星期，汤姆在球队的每场比赛中都打出本垒打。但突然他打不出本垒打了，他完全击不中球。有一天，他在一场比赛中三次三振出局。他说，“恐怕我没能力继续打球了。”玛丽琼斯（Mary Jones）在一家女装店买了一件衣服。到家前她都沉浸在买衣服的快乐中。然后她想起结账时把信用卡落在那家店了。这是这个月中，玛丽第三次遗忘非常重要的东西了。玛丽非常气恼。她说，“难道我真没用了吗？”艾玛克利夫兰（Emma Cleveland）在一所大学教数学。她开始向学生们解释如何解决一个难题，她理解得非常透彻，但那一刻不知何故她解释不出来。艾玛说，“我一定是无法解出来这题了。”美国人似乎对losing it很是担忧。至少你听到他们这么说时会这么想。他们在感到失去对局面的控制时会用到这个表述。它可以意味着失去情绪控制，或者失去做某事的能力，或失去精神动力。词汇专家对这种表述的出处持不同意见。一些人认为它出自20世纪80年代的热门电视节目。另一些人则认为它出自心理学家和精神病医生，这两种职业的人经常与人们如何思考、感觉和行为打交道。一位心理学家说，“我们美国人对把握人生有诸多担忧。可能我们有点杞人忧天了。”她接着说，“在很多情况下，说自己无能为力可以缓解紧张情绪，这是相当有益的。而且大多数说自己遇到困难的人并非无力解决。”人们在情绪低落时可能更加觉得自己无能为力。down in the dumps的意思是伤感，情绪低落。词汇专家查尔斯芬克（Charles Funk）说，人们使用down in the dumps这种表述已经有400多年历史。1534年，托马斯先生使用了这种表述，他当时写到，“贫困家庭的情绪已经跌入谷底。”词汇专家对dumps的意思有不同见解。其中一位词汇专家约翰艾托（John Ayto）表示，dumps这个词可能来自斯堪的纳维亚国家。丹麦和挪威语中都有类似的单词，意思是急速跌落。美国人借用了这种说法。长年累月下来，它已经变成表达感伤的一种常用方式。01:07.18I loved my mother so much 我爱我的母亲01:15.38She was a drug addict 她是个瘾君子01:17.38She was an alcoholic 她是个酒鬼01:18.10She was legally blind 而且基本失明01:23.38She was a schizophrenic 患有精神分裂01:24.14but I never forgot that she loved me 但我不会忘记她一直爱着我01:29.22even if she did it 即使她忘记了01:30.22all the time 一直如此01:33.46all the time 一直如此01:39.18all the time 一直如此01:53.22Lisa, give me the money! Its mine! 丽萨，把钱给我，是我的01:54.66God, its mine! 上帝，是我的钱，把它们都给我02:00.82(Father) Whos Saint Donalson.02:03.10(TV) Whos Saint Donalson.02:03.70You freak You freak02:08.54(Father) what is Ameba？02:10.82Where is it? 在哪？02:13.30Give it to me! 把它给我02:17.70(Father) (Father) What is epidermis.02:21.34(TV) What is the epidermis. Correct!02:21.94Give it to me！ 把它给我02:26.10Let go, mom! 放开我，妈02:28.02I gave a hudred to you！ 我给过你100块钱的00:00.00by: 更多电影原声MP3尽在人人听力网 /English/movie_mp3/02:29.02Just come, I gave 100 to you！to one of you！ 我刚刚才给的100块钱，给你们其中一个02:36.22Were forced to live on! 我们靠那生活的02:39.78Every month! It is .Its.Its the same damn thing! 该死的，每个月都是这样02:42.02You can put it in your arms, so we can starve! 你拿了它我们就得挨饿了02:42.58(Father) What is genus.02:44.66Its mine! 它是我的02:49.42I didnt take it! Give it to me! 我没有拿!给我02:55.70(Father) (Father) What is Denmark.02:58.50Give it to me! Its mine! 把它给我，它是我的03:01.66Its mine! 它是我的03:04.54Were hungry. 我们饿了03:06.34I cant ! We need food, mom! 我不能，我们需要食物，妈！03:10.74What did you ever do for me, huh?! I gave you life! 我给了你生命，你又为我做过什么？03:12.86Tell me go out to the street and sell myself for it? huh? 你难道让我上街卖身吗？03:15.18Do you want me to do it? I know I do it sometimes, right? 你想让我那样吗？你知道我会的03:18.78(Father) (Father) Come on, jinny, what are you saying? She doesnt need to do that！03:21.74Oh, My God！ 噢，上帝03:37.34I need it. 我需要它03:43.46I need it. 我需要它03:48.50I need it. 我需要它03:52.10(Father) (Father) What is Medina.04:07.82(Father) (Father) Whos Guerra Champion.04:13.94(monologue) I wanted that smile. Oh, god! I wanted that smile so much! 我需要那个微笑。上帝，我是多么需要那个微笑04:21.86I was pathetic, wasnt I? 我可悲，不是吗？04:29.26Dont take the aqueduct! Mummy! 不要拿走它，妈妈04:35.86Daddy！ 爸爸04:38.98(Father) (Father) Who is Carl Deniel04:43.30She taking the aqueduct! 别去有水渠的地方04:45.90Shell get mugged！ 她会摔倒的！04:46.90Who cares! 谁在意呢04:53.18Dad, well cop her, if we cant shell get mugged! 爸爸，我们得拦住她，要不然她会摔倒的04:57.94Always a big production! 真是个大麻烦04:16.46这是一个平凡小男孩的故事. This is a story of an ordinary little boy.04:20.06他名叫查理巴格特 named Charlie Bucket.04:23.77他并不比别的小孩跑得快 也不比他们强壮或是聪明 He was not faster or stronger or more clever than other children.00:00.00by: 更多电影原声MP3尽在人人听力网 /English/movie_mp3/04:30.27他家不富有 没背景 也不是什么皇亲国戚 His family was not rich or powerful or well-connected.04:35.24其实 他们家温饱都成问题 In fact, they barely had enough to eat.04:40.08但查理是全世界最幸运的小男孩 Charlie Bucket was the luckiest boy in the entire world.04:44.69只是他还不知道而已 He just didnt know it yet.00:04.12亲爱的世人. Dear people of the world.00:06.62我.威利旺卡. I, Willy Wonka.00:08.56决定让五个小朋友 来参观我的工厂 have decided to allow five children to visit my factory this year.00:13.13另外 其中一个小朋友 还可以赢得大奖. In addition, one of these children shall receive a special prize.00:16.97超乎任何人想像的大奖 beyond anything you could ever imagine.00:21.14有五张金奖券. Five golden tickets have been hidden.00:23.14藏在五块普通装旺卡巧克力 不起眼的包装纸里 underneath the ordinary wrapping paper of five ordinary Wonka bars.00:26.88这五块巧克力可能在任何地方. The bars may be anywhere.00:28.38(东京 日本)00:29.58在任何一个国家的任何城市 任何街道的任何一家商店里 in any shop, in any street, in any town, in any country in the world.00:42.09(马拉喀什 摩洛哥)00:56.61(纽约)01:09.22查理 很令人兴奋吧 拆开巧克力糖的包装纸. Wouldnt it be something, Charlie, to open a bar of candy.00:00.00by: 更多电影原声MP3尽在人人听力网 /English/movie_mp3/01:12.93发现里面有张金奖券 and find a golden ticket inside?01:15.66是啊 但我一年只有一块巧克力糖 是生日礼物 I know, but I only get one bar a year, for my birthday.01:20.43你生日下礼拜就到了啊 Well, its your birthday next week.01:22.64你和任何人的机会一样多 You have as much chance as anybody does.01:25.84胡说八道 找得到金奖券的小孩. Balderdash. The kids who are going to find the golden tickets.01:28.94一定是每天都买巧克力来吃的小孩 are the ones who can afford to buy candy bars every day.01:31.88咱们查理一年只有一块 他没机会的拉 Our Charlie gets only one a year. He doesnt have a chance.01:36.32查理 每个人都有机会 Everyone has a chance, Charlie.01:39.19我说的准没错 找到第一张金奖券的小孩. Mark my words, the kid who finds the first ticket.01:43.09一定是个超级大胖子 will be fat, fat, fat.01:45.96奥古塔斯 看这边 Augustus. This way.01:50.70(杜塞道夫 德国)01:52.83我在吃旺卡巧克力的时候. I am eating the Wonka bar.01:54.97突然吃到不是巧克力的东西. and I taste something that is not chocolate.01:59.17也不是椰果. or coconut.02:01.64也不是胡桃 也不是花生酱. or walnut or peanut butter.02:04.44也不是牛轧糖. or nougat.02:06.75也不是脆果糖或焦糖 也不是巧克力糖霜 or butter brittle or caramel or sprinkles.02:12.69于是我看了一眼. So I look.02:15.89就发现金奖券了 and I find the golden ticket.02:17.59奥古塔斯 你怎么庆祝的? Augustus, how did you celebrate?02:20.46我又吃更多的糖果 I eat more candy.02:25.97我们早就知道 奥古塔斯会找到金奖券 We knew Augustus would find the golden ticket.02:29.47他每天都吃好多糖果. He eats so many candy bars a day. 00:01.36今晚就拆生日礼物 maybe you wanna open your birthday present tonight.00:10.74拿去吧 Here you are.00:18.41(一流开心牛奶巧克力软糖)00:24.58我等明天早上再拆好了 Maybe I should wait till morning.00:26.39-门儿都没有 -岳父 -Like hell. -Pop.00:28.62我们加起来381岁了 别想叫我们等 All together, were 381 years old. We dont wait.00:42.17查理 就算没找到. Now, Charlie, you mustnt feel too disappointed.00:45.04也不要觉得太失望. you know, if you dont get the.00:47.21无论如何 你还有巧克力吃 Whatever happens, youll still have the candy.01:18.84好了 Ah, well.01:20.97没戏唱了 Thats that.01:24.48-我们分着吃吧 -不行 -Well share it. -Oh, no, Charlie.01:27.35这是你的生日礼物 Not your birthday present.01:29.85这是我的巧克力 我想给谁吃就给谁吃 Its my candy bar, and Ill do what I want with it.01:39.89谢谢你 Thank you, darling.01:42.33谢谢你 Thank you, Charl