英语专业四级考试议论文范文.doc

议论文范文 毛海燕议 论 文 范 文1 discuss类（讨论）Practice 1: It has been more than 30 years since man first landed on the moon. Some people think that space research is a waste of money. Discuss. For over fifty years, a number of nations have been involved in the exploration of outer space. This research has been very costly, of course. Has this money been well-spent or wasted?Some people believe that all or most space research should be eliminated because of its incredible expense, not only in terms of money, but also in terms of scientific and human resources. These people point out the fact that it cost billions of dollars to send astronauts to the moon, but all they brought back were some worthless rocks. These people say that the money and effort now being wasted in outer space could be spent on more important projects right here on earth, such as providing housing for homeless people, improving the education system, saving the environment, and finding cures for diseases.However, other people believe that space research has provided many benefits to mankind. They point out that hundreds of useful products, from personal computers to heart pacemakers to freeze-dried foods, are the direct or indirect results of space research. They say that weather and communication satellites, which are also products of space programs, have benefited people all over the globe. In addition to these practical benefits, supporters of the space program point to the scientific knowledge that has been acquired about the sun, the moon, the planets, and even our own earth as a result of space research.I agree with those people who support space research and wish it to continue. Space research, as shown, has already brought many benefits to humanity. Perhaps it will bring even more benefits in the future, ones that we cannot even imagine now. Moreover, just as individual people need challenges to make their lives more interesting, I believe the human race itself needs a challenge, and I think that the peaceful exploration of outer space provides just such a challenge.Practice 2: Some people say that the best measure of a countrys success is the quality of life people enjoy. Others argue that a prosperous economy is the key factor in a countrys success. Discuss.Around the globe, every nation is striving to be wealthy, strong and successful. But how do we judge a nations success? Some believe that the criterion lies in the living standards of the people, while others quote a nations economic strength as the gauge. I d rather treat the two as equally important indices of a nations success, for they are intrinsically inter-dependent and also indispensable for a successful nation.On the one hand, a nation with considerable economic strength can ensure a comfortable life for its people. Only when a nation is economically developed can its people earn sufficient income to pay for their housing, clothing, food, education, entertainment and all the other necessities of a happy and meaningful life. No one would dare to call a nation a failure in which the citizens are merrily going to and fro, making money for themselves and for their motherland.On the other hand, man is the determinant element of a successful economy. People leading a comfortable and contented life will gladly labor and sweat for an even higher living standard and for an ever-flourishing homeland. In this way, a nations economy will be driven to a higher stage of development. More importantly, order and harmony prevails throughout the country, for everyone is striving for the same goal-their own and their nations success. In that case, with a full-fledged economy, a nation will have a much bigger say in the international community, thus securing for itself a higher political and diplomatic status in the world. Such a nation will undoubtedly be credited as a success.In a nutshell, a comfortable life for the people and a nations economic strength are both essential to a nations success. Only those countries that meet both criteria can fully develop themselves economically, politically and diplomatically. Then, the laurels of victory will belong to them and to no other.Practice 3: Scientists are doing experiments on live animals for the purpose of research nowadays. Some people believe that this is not only cruel but also unnecessary; others think it is in the interest of mankind as a whole. Discuss.There is no denying that experiments on live animals have become controversial, not only for professionals but also for the public as a whole. Some say that such experiments are cruel, and would like to put an end to them, while others maintain that they are beneficial for mankind. I would like to discuss this issue from both perspectives.For the people who lend their support to such experiments, the gaining of first-hand knowledge and information about certain species provides adequate justification for continuing the killing of animals in laboratories. Moreover, the protection of human beings from certain epidemics at the cost of the lives of some animals justifies the work of researchers, according to this way of thinking. In addition, they cite the accumulated knowledge about those animals as contributing to their survival. Therefore, they argue for the necessity of such experiments.For the people who wish to see the legal prohibition of such experiments, animal rights, especially the right to exist on the same planet with human beings, is always top of their list of arguments. Moreover, they worry about species that are already on the verge of extinction. Above all, they have confidence that advances in science and technology will eventually produce ways to replace the killing of animals in the laboratory.From the above discussion, we can easily conclude that both proponents and opponents of animal experiments have their respective reasons and justifications. However, as a supporter of animal rights, I would like to apply myself to finding ways for the outright banning of animal slaughter in the laboratories on the excuse of scientific research. Furthermore, it is my sincere wish that more people will join me in this sacred effort to save animals, the friends of mankind.Practice 4: The lottery does more good than harm. Discuss.For better or worse, the lottery has become a part of our life. There are, it is true, people who worry about the negative effects the lottery may have, but I believe it does more good than harm.First of all, the lottery is an effective way of raising money for welfare programs and other public projects. Although taxes have traditionally been the main source for such undertakings, people pay taxes grudgingly, and increasing taxes is time-consuming and may result in increasing popular discontent. However, people eagerly buy lottery tickets, and so, so long as it is well regulated, the lottery can serve as an important source of state revenue.For average people, especially those who have no salable skills, the lottery might be the only opportunity for them to get rich-even to become a millionaire overnight. For instance, a friend of mine has been in financial trouble for many years. The other day, he hit the jackpot by selecting the winning number in the lottery. Now he is the richest guy in our community, and is leading a life he has never even dreamed of before.With some people, their enthusiasm for the lottery is not about money but about fun. They dont care about winning or losing; they just like to choose numbers and watch the results. They enjoy the excitement of analyzing the possibilities. For them, buying lottery tickets is just one of their hobbies.Some people are concerned that the lottery may encourage laziness and gambling. But evidence from the countries where public lotteries are legal does not justify this worry. In fact, in China the lottery has turned out not to be a monster but something beneficial. In conclusion, experience has shown that the advantages of lottery far outweigh its disadvantages.2. Problem + Reasons + Recommendation 类（问题 + 理由 + 建议）Practice1: It is generally acknowledged that families are now not as close as they used to be. Give possible reasons and your recommendations.There is much discussion nowadays as to whether or not the relation-ship between family members is as close as before. Diverse contributing factors can be identified. In the following, I would like to present my point of view.Great changes have taken place in family life along with the development of society. One of them is that the once-extended family tends to become smaller and smaller. Many children have to leave their parents at an early age to study or work else where. As time passes, children become emotionally estranged from their parents.Compared with the past, social competition is becoming increasingly fierce. People are urged to concentrate their efforts upon work, so that they can achieve success, or at least a good standard of living. As a result, they cant afford to spend their leisure hours with their families. The importance of bonds of kinship is gradually fading from their minds.In addition, the availability of various kinds of recreational facilities also diverts people from enjoying chats with the members of their families. Their free time is mostly occupied by watching TV, surfing the Internet or playing video games. They come to lose interest in communicating with the other members of their families.In view of such alienation within families, I do believe that urgent steps must be taken. For members of families who live away from one another, regular contact on the phone can bring them the care that they need. Family reunions on holidays or other important occasions can make a difference as well. For those living together, it is a good idea to take some time off work or recreation periods to spend more time with each other. In the final analysis, a close family relationship can surely be maintained as long as we realize the significant role it plays in our lives and attach importance to it.Practice 2: Stress is the reason why many people stay off working and go back to school. Write an essay to state what causes the stress and suggest measures to reduce it. You should write at least 250 words.It is a curious phenomenon that nowadays more and more people are quitting their jobs and returning to school. Many of them claim that unbearable stress is the primary reason why they leave the workplace. My present concern is where that stress originates and how to reduce it.Three origins of stress can be identified clearly. First, it comes from superiors. In any workplace, superiors always impose great pressure on their subordinates in the form of issuing orders, setting deadlines or giving reprimands. People working under such conditions are tortured both mentally and physically. Therefore, they tend to want to stay away from work. Second, stress stems from fierce competition among colleagues. Every person aspires to success. This very desire pushes people to scramble for limited positions and resources at all costs, creating intense pressure on everyone. Third, people are confronted with job insecurity. Fear of losing ones job, which is one s only means of livelihood, compels one to work harder all the time.The three kinds of stress mentioned above jointly contribute to the great pressure people feel in the workplace. To relieve it, I wish to suggest three appropriate measures. For a start, people should look at pressure from a proper perspective. It is better to regard pressure as a positive driving force instead of as a dark, uncomfortable psychological experience. Second, people must try to eliminate mistakes in their work as far as possible. In other words, they must try to deny other people any chance to find fault with them. Third, it is wise for people to engage in one or two secondary jobs, besides their primary ones. Consequently, by not clinging to only one job, people do not face disaster if they are discharged by their major employer.In conclusion, although every employee has to put up with a certain amount of stress in his or her work, this is no excuse for us to shy away from our posts. We are able to cope with this stress in a variety of ways, and finally make it a force which serves us.Practice 3: Traffic is developing rapidly all round the world at present. What are the traffic problems in your country? What causes these problems? Make some recommendations.Transportation has been developing rapidly in recent years, especially in large cities. However, it must be admitted that, along with the benefits of the rapid development of urban traffic, these cities have come certain problems. One of the biggest problems, in my opinion, is traffic jams in some heavily-populated cities. It has become common to see passengers and drivers having to wait in long lines of buses and cars moving at a snail s pace on the streets during the rush hours.There are several reasons for this problem. First, the number of vehicles increasing much more rapidly than the building of roads. No sooner has a new road been completed and opened to public traffic than it is crowded with all kinds of vehicles. Second, there seem to be too many private cars and not enough public buses. In most cases, a car carries only one or two people, while it occupies almost half the space a bus does. Third, many people, including drivers, pedestrians and cyclists do not obey traffic rules properly, especially at busy intersections. And this undoubtedly worsens the already grave situation.In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures must be taken before things get worse. On the one hand, the government should invest more money in the building of new roads and the repairing and maintenance of old ones, particularly those in busy areas of cities. On the other hand, the number of private cars in urban areas should be limited while the number of public buses should be increased. At the same time, it is essential that stricter traffic rules and regulations be issued to strengthen traffic control and facilitate the normal and efficient running of all means of transportation. With such efforts made and persisted in, I am confident that it will not be long before city traffic in China flows in a smoother and more efficient manner.3. Your Opinion 类（你的观点）/ Agree or Disagree类（同意与否）Practice 1: Some people state that TV programs should be more educational than entertaining. Others disagree. Give your opinion, and provide specific examples.It is an undeniable fact that television has already become an inalienable part of people s daily lives, providing them with both information and enjoyment. As to the function of this appliance, some people state that TV programs should be more educational, while others believe that more emphasis should be placed on their entertainment aspect. I am of the opinion that TV programs should be more entertaining than educational.On the one hand, TV programs by nature are designed to entertain people, not educate them. Ever since the birth of television, it has been regarded as a major source of recreation. All the activities of TV broadcasting companies are centered on bringing people laughter, joy and relaxation. This important attribute is the solid ground on which the glamour of TV is built. People pay to be entertained by TV programs, and thus the television industry gets fueled and grows. If we turned TV programs into tools of sheer instruction, the television industry would certainly be deprived of its foundation for development, resulting in its decline. For instance, when a student returns home after a long, boring and busy school day, he or she wants to seek some fun and to relax. If he or she knows that the television will only offer more education and instruction, the chances are high that the television set will remain switched off.At the same time, TV programs are far from being appropriate tools for education. The essence of education is a process of simultaneous communication. To get the best educational effects, speakers and listeners must be able to address, debate and exchange ideas on the topic under study. However, TV programs are one-way instruments. They can only transmit and disseminate information to the viewers, without any immediate feedback. Therefore, the program makers are unable to tailor their products to the ever-changing needs of the viewers. For example, by watching educational programs such as those on the Discovery Channel, a person may indeed obtain some information. During the process, however, when he or she encounters problems there is no person around to consult. Therefore, the effects of this kind of education are by no means comparable to a face-to-face one.For the two reasons discussed above, I am deeply convinced that TV programs should be preserved mainly as forms of recreation. To undertake educational activities, it is better for people to resort to the traditional methods.Practice 2: At present it is hard for college graduates to find jobs. Many people claim that college teachers should give priority to practical courses like computer science and business over such traditional ones as history and geography. What do you think?These days there is a growing tendency for college students to have difficulties in finding jobs when they graduate. A large number of people hold the opinion that lack of practical knowledge, among other things, contributes to this situation. In light of this, they contend that college teachers should lay more stress on practical courses than on traditional ones. For my part, I am in favor of their viewpoint.In the first place, emphasis on practical courses is demanded by our ever-developing society. As society has entered the information age and commercialization i