美国人至今想不通上甘岭一战为何失败.doc

美国人至今想不通上甘岭一战为何失败最近，美国的军事研究者冥思苦想，甚至还通过电脑模拟，但就是想不通：上甘岭战役为何输给了中国军人。整个上甘岭战役中，我们的坦克没有参战的记录；天上没有出现过一架我们的飞机；我们的火炮最多的时候也不过是敌方的四分之一。美军共发射了190多万发炮弹，5000多枚航弹，我们只有40多万发炮弹，而且几乎全是后期才用上的。我们没有足够的大炮，甚至没有足够的反坦克手雷，因为这个东西“一炸一片”，炸碉堡也比手榴弹威力大多了。可是黄继光手里仍然只有一颗手雷，因为这个东西我们造不出来，我们也没有那么多钱去进口。美国人可以动用B-29 去轰炸一辆自行车，而我们手里的反坦克手雷只能留给敌人的坦克，用来炸碉堡就算是很奢侈了。当年的美国随军记者贝文亚历山大写道：“（中国）部队进攻时，通常主要依靠轻兵器、机枪和手榴弹。只有对付最有利的目标时，才肯动用迫击炮。”这就是我们可爱的战士他们从不向自己的祖国提条件，没有任何奢求，决不会因为没有空中支援放弃进攻，决不会抱怨炮兵火力不够，决不会怪罪没有足够的给养，只要一息尚存，他们就决不放弃自己的阵地上甘岭，不仅是一两个伟人的胜利，也不仅是几十个将军的胜利。当一个辉煌了两千年的民族重新找回自信的时候，这种力量是不可战胜的。美国人之所以不明白，是因为他们不知道，电脑只能模拟常识性东西，它模拟不出一个民族重新觉醒时所能迸发出的力量。 获奖译文 中译英 To This Day Americans Have Not Yet Figured out Why They Lost Shangganlin Campaign作者：awaramuRecently, the military researchers of America have been racking their brains and even simulating the campaign on the computer, but couldnt come up with any answer:How was it possible that they lost the Shangganlin Campaign to Chinese?Throughout the campaign no tanks on our part were involved according to the document; not a single plane of ours ever flew across the sky; our artillery only amounted to 1/4 of the enemys when reaching the maximum. In all the US army launched 1,900,000 cannonballs and more than 5,000 aerial bombs; while we had only 400,000 cannonballs, nearly all of which were used at the late phase of the campaign.We did not have enough cannons or even antitank grenades, which were capable of “extensive destruction” and much more powerful than hand grenades when used to blow blockhouses. Unfortunately Huang Jiguang had only one grenade at hand, for we were incapable of making it and we did not have enough money to buy it from other countries. Americans could use B-29 to attack a bike, but our antitank grenades had to be set aside for the enemys tanks and it was even quite extravagant to demolish the enemys blockhouses with it. Bevin Alexander, the US military correspondent at that time, wrote, “When the (Chinese) troops launched an attack, they mostly used light weapons, machineguns and hand grenades. Only when dealing with the most favorable objects, would trench mortars be used. ” This is what our respectable soldiers were like-they never put forward any conditions or made no unreasonable demands on their motherland, nor would they stop the attacks because of no support from the air force or complain about the inadequate firepower or blame on the insufficient provisions; they would not give up their positions as long as they lived.The victory of the Shangganlin Campaign is not the victory of some people or of the dozens of generals. When a nation, which has flourished for 2,000 years, regained its confidence, its vigor is insurmountable. Americans cannot understand why they lost simply because they dont know the computer can only imitate the common sense, but not the strength spurted out from an awakening nation. 参考译文 中译英 Americans Are Still Wondering Why They Had Lost the Battle at SanggamryongRecently American military researchers have been racking their brains in vain, even with the aid of computerized simulation, searching for reasons why they had lost the battle to Chinese troops at Sanggamryong in the Korean War.No record showed we Chinese side had ever sent any tanks during the battle; not a single Chinese plane appeared in the sky over the battle field; and the fiercest artillery fire of the Chinese side was just one fourth of the enemy. American launched all together more than 1.9 million cannon balls and over 5000 bombs, while the Chinese side had only a little more than 400 thousand cannon balls, nearly all of which were launched only at the later stage of the battle.We didnt have enough cannons, not even enough antitank grenade, which could blast to sweep a comparatively large area and had greater power than the hand grenade in blasting away blockhouses. But our hero Huang Jiguang had only one antitank grenade in hand. China was then unable to produce antitank grenades, nor did we have enough money to import them. Americans could dispatch a B-29 bomber only to attack a bicycle, but our antitank grenades were reserved only for enemys tanks, and it was considered somewhat luxurious to use them to blast away blockhouses. Beven Alexandra, an American war correspondent then wrote: “(The Chinese troops) usually rely on light weapons, machine guns and hand-grenades when launching an offence. Trench mortars are used only for most suitable targets.”Such are our beloved soldiers: They never demanded anything from our motherland, let alone any excessive ones. They wouldnt give up their offence because there was no air support; they never complained about weak artillery fire support, and they never blamed anyone for insufficient provisions. They would never give up their positions as long as they still had a breath.The victory of the battle at Sanggamryong is not a victory by one or two great men or dozens of generals. A nation of two thousand years of brilliance becomes invincible when she rediscovers her self-confidence. Americans cannot understand this because they dont know that the computer can only simulate normal things falling in the sphere of common sense, but not the force that bursts out from a reawakened nation. （陈德彰 译） 专家点评 中译英 注意语言表达的准确性从收到的参赛稿来看，问题比较多，译得达意而文字流畅的不多，还有不少译文有不少基本语法错误。大多数译文的主要问题还是摆脱不了中文的影响。看得出，许多人查字典不细，甚至不知道如何查。希望大家阅读英语作品时有意识地学习英语的习惯表达方式。下面从几个方面谈谈。有些是提示，请大家思考一下。1. 英语文章题目多用名词性短语，现在用句子的趋多（本人做过统计，International Herald Tribune国际先驱论坛报的句子标题比十年前多了20%以上）。但用句子做标题时，即使说过去的事，也用现在时。参赛译文的标题五花八门，比如，像Wondering: why defeated in the battle of Shanggaling? 这样乱凑是不行的。Wondering的逻辑主语是什么？why defeated不符合语法。2. “上甘岭”是朝鲜地名，不能用汉语拼音（一如平壤是Pyongyang，不能写作Pingrang）。外国地名要查原文拼法。顺便说一下，自然地理地名要注意冠词的用法，如：the Xihu Lake, Lake Xihu；the Rocky Mountain, Mount Tai。3. 把“冥思苦想”译为thought deeply and hardly有点荒唐，尤其hardly的意思是“几乎不/没有”；“racked their brains to figure out why”应改成“racked their brains to try to /trying to figure out why”，因为figure out表示结果，意思为“想出来了”。4. It still remains to be a puzzle中的to be完全可以省去。5. We had only above / more than / over 400 thousand cannon balls有点不妥，40多万（发）是比40万略多一点，不是40万（发）以上，应该说a little over / more than 400 thousand或 400 thousand odd。此外，将“我们”贸然译成we，读者（英译的读者当然是说英语的人）会搞不清是谁。6. During the battle, there was no record of. 词序有问题。请大家想一想为什么，如何改。7. China tank, China plane等说法不通；Chinese tank，Chinese plane则指“中国式的坦克和飞机”；“中国的”要说Chinas。这里最好用(tanks) from the Chinese side。8. 用词不准确是一个大问题，如：想不通的“想”不能用conceive（conceive是“孕育或构思出一个想法/主意”的意思，本词用法请查词典，尤其要看例句）。“想不通”译成They still bewildered.是不对的，因为bewilder是及物动词，意思是“使（某人）弄不明白”，所以要说They were/are still bewildered.请大家考虑“参加战斗”的“参加”是join还是 take part in？“（战斗的）后期”，有人译成the late stage或 the latter part都不对。做前置定语the late的意思是“已故的”；the latter则是相对于“前者”的“后者”，用于指上文/上一句提到过的两个事物。“只能留给（敌人的坦克）”可以说reserved only for, only saved for，用left for不够确切。 （放弃）“阵地”是position 不是battlefield。give up ground勉强可以，但常用于转意为“让步”。至于有人译成retreat their battlefield就不光是用词的问题了。有人将“提条件”译为raise conditions 或put forward prerequisite是不对的。Condition 是实际存在的条件，而prerequisite是做某事的先决条件。至于claim更不是“条件”，而是对应该拥有的财产、权利等提出要求。Home country一般指已移民到一个新国家的人说自己原来的国家，“祖国”是motherland。建议大家查几本好的字典，把force, strength, power的区别搞清楚。9. 有不少人时态用法欠妥，如第一句用现在完成时比一般过去时要好，这里强调的是结果，可是They have been unable to see why就有问题，因为be able/unable一般不用完成时态。同样，They are still failing to find out.也是错误的。追叙战斗经过部分应该用一般过去时。10. 请看这一句译文：Nor was there one of our fighters emerging in the sky. 这里的one应该改为any，或者说 not a single plane of ours appeared in the sky.（这里战斗机可笼统译为plane, 因为 fighter有“战士”的意思。）There was no our fighter in the sky.大有问题：no和 our不能连用修饰一个名词。可以说none of our.Nor appeared a single Chinese plane in the sky 语法有问题。以否定词开始的句子要倒装，要说Nor did a single Chinese plane.11. They (anti-tank grenades) were even too luxurious to be used to explode the pillboxes.的句型用错了（犹如说We are difficult to solve this problem.一样错)。应该用It would be (considered) extravagant to use.（这里用waste,wasteful不对。）至于上面一句中的其他错误，请大家分辨并加以改正。 12. 冠词用法要注意，开头的“美国军事研究者”有人译为the military researchers of America，定冠词没有必要，可用some。of America也不如用前置定语American 或US。把Bevin Alexander 说成是the American journalist，变成他是当时唯一的美国记者了。Our Chinese army did not use tank or plane.如何改正？13. “只要一息尚存”很形象，译为as long as they lived意思不够；as long as they could breathe的意思是“只要能够呼吸”（比如身体呼吸机能没有问题，或者有足够的空气）；而as long as they had one remaining breath看得出来是根据中文思路凑出来的英文。14. 大家可以用回译的办法检查自己的译文。下面举几个参赛的译文中的例子（加上的回译可以看出同原文的意思如何大有出入）：There was no engagement recor